Mammalian spermatozoa have a surface covered with glycocalyx, consisting of heterogeneous glycoproteins and glycolipids. This complexity arises from diverse monosaccharides, distinct linkages, various isomeric glycans, branching levels, and saccharide sequences. The glycocalyx is synthesized by spermatozoa developing in the testis, and its subsequent alterations during their transit through the epididymis are a critical process for the sperm acquisition of fertilizing ability. In this study, we performed detailed analysis of the glycocalyx on the sperm surface of bull spermatozoa in relation to individual parts of the epididymis using a wide range (24) of lectins with specific carbohydrate binding preferences. Fluorescence analysis of intact sperm isolated from the bull epididymides was complemented by Western blot detection of protein extracts from the sperm plasma membrane fractions. Our experimental results revealed predominant sequential modification of bull sperm glycans with N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc), followed by subsequent sialylation and fucosylation in a highly specific manner. Additionally, variations in the lectin detection on the sperm surface may indicate the acquisition or release of glycans or glycoproteins. Our study is the first to provide a complex analysis of the bull sperm glycocalyx modification during epididymal maturation.

• MeSH
• epididymis * metabolismus   cytologie   MeSH
• glykokalyx * metabolismus   MeSH
• glykoproteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• lektiny * metabolismus   MeSH
• polysacharidy metabolismus   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• spermie * metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Fertilization process is a very clever and unique process comprising some essential steps resulting in formation of zygote. Tetraspanin CD9 is considered to be a serious candidate molecule participating in these events. The importance of CD9 has been discussed in relation to acrosome reaction, sperm-binding, sperm-penetration, sperm-egg fusion and eventually, egg activation. The abundant expression of CD9 oocyte plasma membrane and the presence of CD9-containing vesicles in the perivitelline space of intact oocytes have been confirmed. Despite the fact that majority of authors analyzed CD9 expressed on oocytes, several studies considered the function of sperm CD9, too. To understand CD9 involvement, various conditions of in vitro fertilization (IVF) assays using polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies or knockout mice were carried out. However, ambiguous data have been obtained about the importance of CD9 in sperm-egg binding or fusion. Although the current findings did not prove any hypothesis, the indispensable role of CD9 in fertilization process was not excluded and the precise role of CD9 remains unexplained.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD9 metabolismus   MeSH
• fertilizace fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• savci MeSH
• spermie fyziologie   MeSH
• tetraspaniny metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The present review deals with the harmful effects of mineral oils used as protective layers in fertilization in vitro. The results have shown the importance of the high quality and purity of the mineral oils used for the purpose. Contaminants reducing the oil quality include peroxides, Zn and Triton X-100. The review also highlights the deleterious effects of UV radiation on the oil which are usually less considered. Further the importance of storage and transportation for maintaining a high-quality oil is emphasized.

• MeSH
• biotechnologie metody   MeSH
• časosběrné zobrazování MeSH
• embryo savčí MeSH
• embryonální vývoj MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro * MeSH
• implantace embrya MeSH
• kultivační média * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• minerální olej * aplikace a dávkování   chemie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• peroxidy toxicita   MeSH
• povrchově aktivní látky toxicita   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• zinek toxicita   MeSH
• zohlednění rizika MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH