Q99347818
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Both training and dietary practices used by athletes greatly vary. Current sports nutrition guidelines promote dietary manipulation of energy-yielding nutrients specific to the period of training. The study explores the ad libitum nutrition practices of four healthy adult recreational athletes during a 2-week cycling training camp (~100 km·d-1, ~240 min·d-1) with particular attention to the current sports nutrition recommendations. Based on evidence-based guidelines, peri-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) and protein (PRO) intake periodization cut-off levels were set for athletes. Training days were categorized as hard (HARD, two training units/day), middle (MID, one training unit/day), and easy (LOW, no training). Fourteen-day diet records were used and analyzed by nutritional software for energy intake (EI), carbohydrate (CHO), and protein (PRO) intake. Relative daily EI of 78.6±4.5, 73.3±6.4, 75.4±8.2 kcal·kg·d-1, and CHO 8.9±0.8, 7.8±1.0, 8.2±1.5 g·kg1 intakes were not different in HARD, MID and LOW days, respectively. The mean daily EI was 1.3× higher than the predicted total daily energy expenditure, irrespective of the training day category, resulting in ~500 kcal·d-1 energy surplus. In the 2h post-exercise period, PRO intake exceeded the current recommendations 4.6-fold, and CHO intake was significantly lower after a second training session on HARD days (0.7 g·kg·h-1) than a recommendation (1.2 g·kg·h-1). Mean in-exercise CHO intake (~11.5 g·h-1) was significantly under the moderate 30 g·h-1 recommendation. In conclusion, the dietary behaviours of recreational athletes are not consistent with current sports nutrition periodization guidelines. Energy intake throughout the training camp led to positive energy balance being highest on non-training days. Daily or during and post-exercise CHO and PRO intakes were not adjusted to the training sessions' volume, intensity, or duration.
Much research has been done in sports nutrition in recent years as the demand for performance-enhancing substances increases. Higher intake of nitrates from the diet can increase the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Nevertheless, the increased availability of NO does not always lead to improved performance in some individuals. This review aims to evaluate the relationship between the athlete's training status and the change in time trial performance after increased dietary nitrate intake. Articles indexed by Scopus and PubMed published from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed. Thirteen articles met the eligibility criteria: clinical trial studies on healthy participants with different training status (according to VO2max), conducting time trial tests after dietary nitrate supplementation. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to process the review. We found a statistically significant relationship between VO2max and ergogenicity in time trial performance using one-way ANOVA (p = 0.001) in less-trained athletes (VO2 < 55 mL/kg/min). A strong positive correlation was observed in experimental situations using a chronic supplementation protocol but not in acute protocol situations. In the context of our results and recent histological observations of muscle fibres, there might be a fibre-type specific role in nitric oxide production and, therefore, supplement of ergogenicity.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- dusičnany farmakologie MeSH
- fyzická vytrvalost účinky léků MeSH
- kosterní svalová vlákna účinky léků MeSH
- látky zvyšující výkon farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxid dusnatý farmakologie MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- sportovci * MeSH
- sportovní výkon MeSH
- spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
2., upravené vydání 115 stran : ilustrace ; 22 cm
Učebnice, která se zaměřuje na sportovní výživu. Určeno vysokoškolským studentům, trenérům i sportovcům.
3., doplněné vydání 262 stran : ilustrace ; 25 cm
Učební text, který se zaměřuje na regeneraci, zatížení a únavu ve sportu.; Text pro bakalářský studijní program vysvětluje vztahy, které jsou mezi zatížením, únavou a regenerací. Další kapitoly jsou věnovány jednotlivým regemeračním prostředkům.
- MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- fyziologie sportovní výživy MeSH
- regenerace MeSH
- sporty MeSH
- tělesná námaha MeSH
- únava MeSH
- Publikační typ
- učebnice MeSH
- Konspekt
- Sport. Hry. Tělesná cvičení
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NLK Obory
- tělovýchovné lékařství
- nutriční terapie, dietoterapie a výživa
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
