The friction cost approach (FCA) estimates the productivity costs of disease from an employer's perspective but the lack of estimates of friction periods in different countries limits its use. Our aim was to use labour market aggregates to generate two alternative estimates of the friction period for European countries and to apply the FCA to illustrate the impact on cancer-related lost productivity costs. We included thirty countries (EU 27 + the United Kingdom, Switzerland and Norway). Base-case Method 1BC used annual Dutch vacancy stock and flow data (2001-2019) to estimate friction periods for this country. A regression model was employed using Dutch data and country-specific vacancy and unemployment rates to generate country-specific friction period estimates for the other 29 countries. Alternative Method 2ALT used country-specific newly occupied jobs as a proxy vacancy flow variable and vacancy stock data to generate friction period estimates. These were applied, within the FCA, to premature cancer mortality data (from GLOBOCAN2018) for all cancers combined for Western European countries. Costs are in €2018. Method 1BC estimated friction periods in 2018 ranged from 70.8 days for Greece to 145.9 days for the Czech Republic, with a mean duration of 95.3 days. Method 2ALT produced a mean friction period of 80.0 days. On average, across countries, Method 2ALT friction periods were 15.4 days (-18.5%) shorter than Method 1BC estimates. Friction period estimates over the last decade were shorter than those for 2018 reflecting lower vacancy rates. Total cancer premature mortality costs according to FCA Method 1BC amounted to €1.0 billion in 2018 for Western Europe compared to €0.99 billion for Method 2ALT. We developed two alternative - and viable - methods to estimate country-specific friction periods. These approaches will enable researchers to apply the FCA to estimate the productivity cost of diseases across Europe from an employer's perspective.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náklady na zdravotní péči * MeSH
• osobní újma zaviněná nemocí * MeSH
• tření MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Norsko MeSH
• Řecko MeSH
• Spojené království MeSH
• Švýcarsko MeSH

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking is the major preventable cause of cancer. Despite the longstanding decline in smoking prevalence, lung cancer remains one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in both sexes. We aimed to estimate the current cancer burden attributable to smoking in Europe. METHODS: Smoking-related cancer incidence by country, cancer type, sex and age in Europe was estimated from GLOBOCAN 2018. We applied a modified version of the indirect method to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) for lung cancer and applied Levin's formula to estimate the PAF for other smoking-related cancer sites. RESULTS: In Europe in 2018, 572,000 and 186,000 cancer cases were attributable to tobacco smoking in males and females respectively, accounting for 28% (males) and 10% (females) of all cancer cases. By region, the largest and the lowest PAF due to smoking in males occurred in Eastern Europe (35% of all cancer cases) and Northern Europe (21%), respectively. Among women, this pattern was reversed (16% in Northern Europe and 6% in Eastern Europe). Lung cancer accounted for more than half of the total cancer burden attributable to smoking (382,000). Other major contributors to the total PAF were lip, oral cavity and pharynx, bladder and laryngeal cancers in men (27% out of total PAF) and colorectal, pancreatic, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers (21%) in women. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco smoking was responsible for one in five cancer cases in Europe in 2018. The introduction and robust implementation of tobacco control programmes are critical to reduce this cancer burden in the future.

• MeSH
• epidemie MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kouření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• tabák škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND: In recent decades, many countries worldwide have implemented some form of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). We sought to evaluate incidence and survival trends of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer before and after the implementation of UHC in Thailand. METHODS: The age-standardized incidence rate and 1- and 5-year net survival (NS) were calculated for five Thai provinces, namely Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Khon Kaen, Lampang, and Songkhla for breast, cervix, and colorectal cancer in three study periods (1997-2012): before, during, and after the implementation of UHC. RESULTS: The incidence of breast and colorectal cancer has increased over time, while the incidence of cervical cancer has decreased (17.9-29.9, 9.0-13.6, and 19.6-12.3 per 100,000, respectively). Larger proportion of breast cancer were diagnosed with localized stage after UHC implementation compared to the period prior to UHC (31.5 % vs 19.0 %). Overall, The improvement in survival by cancer site varied in magnitude with a 5-year NS increase from 61.3 % to 75.1 % for breast, 55.4-59.5 % for cervical, and 39.9-47.6 % for colorectal cancer. The amount of increase slightly differed across provinces. CONCLUSION: Rising incidence for breast and colorectal, and declining cervical cancer may partly be attributable to improved awareness and early detection programs. Additionally, improvement in survival may partly be attributable to increased access to healthcare, availability of treatment, and increased access to cancer screening after UHC was implemented. Thus, continued expansion of UHC package on cancer could potentially contribute to further improvement of cancer control in Thailand. POLICY SUMMARY: This study provides important evidence on the impact of UHC in cancer burden and survival for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer in Thailand. This study serves as an example for other countries where UHC has been recently implemented and guide policymakers in allocating resources towards UHC and cancer control programs.

• MeSH
• časná detekce nádoru MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku * epidemiologie   MeSH
• všeobecné zdravotní pojištění MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Thajsko MeSH

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• estrogenní substituční terapie * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• hmotnostní přírůstek MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kouření * epidemiologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * diagnóza   epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• obezita * diagnóza   epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• rozvojové země MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH