nitrogen optimisation
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
This paper deals with biological treatment of malt house wastewater using algal-bacterial flocs. During three months of testing, optimisation of growth conditions and biomass separation leads to maximisation of biomass production, improved flocs settleability and increased pollutant removal efficiency while maintaining low energy demand. At a high food to microorganism ratio (0.16 to 0.29 kg BOD5 kg(-1) TSS d(-1)), the biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), total phosphorus (Ptot) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiencies were all higher than 90%. At a food to microorganism ratio of 0.06 kg BOD5 kg(-1) TSS d(-1), BOD5, CODCr, total nitrogen (Ntot), Ptot and TSS removal efficiencies of 99.5%, 97.6%, 91.5%, 97.8% and 98.4%, respectively, were achieved. The study also proved a strong dependence of removal efficiencies on solar radiation. The results suggest the algae-bacteria system is suitable for treatment of similar wastewater in locations with available land and sufficient solar radiation and temperature during the whole year.
- MeSH
- Bacteria růst a vývoj MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- dusík analýza izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- fosfor analýza izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- měření biologické spotřeby kyslíku MeSH
- mikrořasy růst a vývoj MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- odpadní voda MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Most heterotrophic organisms feed on substrates that are poor in nutrients compared to their demand, leading to elemental imbalances that may constrain their growth and function. Flexible carbon (C)-use efficiency (CUE, C used for growth over C taken up) can represent a strategy to reduce elemental imbalances. Here, we argue that metabolic regulation has evolved to maximise the organism growth rate along gradients of nutrient availability and translated this assumption into an optimality model that links CUE to substrate and organism stoichiometry. The optimal CUE is predicted to decrease with increasing substrate C-to-nutrient ratio, and increase with nutrient amendment. These predictions are generally confirmed by empirical evidence from a new database of c. 2200 CUE estimates, lending support to the hypothesis that CUE is optimised across levels of organisation (microorganisms and animals), in aquatic and terrestrial systems, and when considering nitrogen or phosphorus as limiting nutrients.
In order to assess the activity of metabolic pathways during anaerobic biogas production, it is necessary to isolate total RNA from the anaerobic sludge. mRNA activity profiling complements the quantification of excreted metabolites for a comprehensive anaerobic digestion model (ADM1). Four non-commercial total RNA extraction protocols were examined to extract total RNA from suspended solids of anaerobic sludge. The most suitable protocol was identified and optimised. In relation to total RNA extraction efficiency, total RNA purity and RNA integrity, the best homogenisation method was a combined method of nitrogen grinding and bead beating. When bead beating or nitrogen grinding was used alone for homogenisation, total RNA extraction efficiency was lower than when both homogenisation methods were applied. Depending on the homogenisation method, the whole RNA extraction procedure takes approximately 2 to 3 h, which is as fast as when using commercial available soil RNA extraction kits. The proposed method is rapid in extracting total RNA from a biocoenosis present in an anaerobic sludge environment. Furthermore, we could apply any of the extracted homogenization methods for reverse transcription and subsequent PCR amplification of the gene for the methyl coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit (mcrA/mrtA).
... Optimisation of provision of micronutrients 274 -- 5.6.1.4. ... ... Nitrogen balance 422 -- 7.2.2. Proteins as markers of nutritional status 423 -- 7.2.3. ...
4th ed. xxxii, 723 s. : il., tab. ; 23 cm
- MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- klinické lékařství MeSH
- nutriční podpora MeSH
- nutriční vědy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
... Optimisation of provision of micronutrients 259 -- 5.6.1.4. ... ... Nitrogen balance 379 -- 7.2.2. Proteins as markers of nutritional status 380 -- 7.3. ...
Fifth edition xxxiv, 676 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- enterální výživa MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- nadměrná výživa MeSH
- parenterální výživa MeSH
- podvýživa MeSH
- sportovní nutriční věda MeSH
- Konspekt
- Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
- NLK Obory
- klinická výživa a intenzivní metabolická péče
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
... Schall (Germany) 163 -- Unstable multi-pass resonator for ten-kW-class nitrogen-based supersonic COIL ... ... Ahmed (Iraq) 176 -- Characterisation and optimisation of a multiterawatt CPA laser system using SPIDER ... ... Stournaras (Greece) 195 -- Study of laser-induced cavitation bubble in liquid nitrogen -- K. ...
1st ed. 209 s. ; 30 cm
