- Klíčová slova
- gastrická sonda,
- MeSH
- enterální výživa klasifikace metody MeSH
- gastrointestinální intubace * klasifikace metody ošetřování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metody výživy klasifikace mortalita MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is an effective treatment for active Crohn's disease (CD). This study explored the immunostimulatory potential of a cell-free fecal filtrate and related this with changes in the fecal microbiota and metabolites in children with active CD undertaking treatment with EEN. METHODS: Production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured following their stimulation with cell-free fecal slurries from children with CD, before, during, and at completion of EEN. The metabolomic profile of the feces used was quantified using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and their microbiota composition with 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. RESULTS: Following treatment with EEN, 8 (72%) of 11 patients demonstrated a reduction in fecal calprotectin (FC) >50% and were subsequently labeled FC responders. In this subgroup, TNFα production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was reduced during EEN (P = .008) and reached levels like healthy control subjects. In parallel to these changes, the fecal concentrations of acetate, butyrate, propionate, choline, and uracil significantly decreased in FC responders, and p-cresol significantly increased. At EEN completion, TNFα production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was positively correlated with butyrate (rho = 0.70; P = .016). Microbiota structure (β diversity) was influenced by EEN treatment, and a total of 28 microbial taxa changed significantly in fecal calprotectin responders. At EEN completion, TNFα production positively correlated with the abundance of fiber fermenters from Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and negatively with Hungatella and Eisenbergiella tayi. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers proof-of concept data to suggest that the efficacy of EEN may result from modulation of diet-dependent microbes and their products that cause inflammation in patients with CD.
- MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc * terapie mikrobiologie imunologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- enterální výživa * metody MeSH
- feces * mikrobiologie chemie MeSH
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex * analýza MeSH
- leukocyty mononukleární imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- TNF-alfa * metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether implementing a nutritional care bundle is associated with growth and morbidity in very preterm (VPT) infants. STUDY DESIGN: This study compared 87 VPT infants (<32 gestational weeks) born 2018 (Before group) with 75 infants born 2020 (After group), treated at a single center in the Czech Republic. A nutritional care bundle was implemented during 2019. RESULTS: Median gestational age (weeks) was 30.0 [IQR 27.6-31.1] for the Before group and 29.9 [IQR 27.9-30.6] for the After group. During postnatal days 1-14, parenteral fluid intake was significantly lower in the After group compared to the Before group and conversely for enteral fluid intake. Infants in the After group achieved full enteral feeds by postnatal day 14 (72.9 % vs. Before group 51.9 %). Weight z-scores decreased significantly less from birth to 36 weeks postmenstrual age in the After group (-0.8 [IQR -1.3 to -0.5]) compared to the Before group (-1.5 [IQR -2.0 to -1.2]). Head circumference z-scores decreased significantly less in the After group (-0.8±0.9) than the Before group (-1.6±1.1). Decreased rate of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) requiring treatment was observed in the After group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a nutritional care bundle in VPT infants was associated with improved postnatal growth and may reduce treatment-requiring PDA.
Domácí enterální výživa je indikována u pacientů s vysokým nutričním rizikem nebo podvýživou, kteří nejsou schopni pokrýt nutriční požadavky perorální cestou a kteří mají funkční gastrointestinální trakt. Hlavním cílem HEN je napravit významné nutriční nedostatky, zabránit dalšímu poklesu tělesné hmotnosti a zastavit související zhoršování subjektivní kvality života pacienta, které může být důsledkem nedostatečného perorálního příjmu potravy. Obvykle se HEN zahajuje během pobytu v nemocnici a pokračuje jako dlouhodobá domácí léčba. HEN lze definovat jako životně důležitou terapii a měla by být zvážena, pokud je pravděpodobné, že nutriční příjem pacienta bude kvalitativně nebo kvantitativně nedostatečný po dobu jednoho týdne nebo déle. Enterální nutriční podpora je léčba, ale rozhodnutí o způsobu, obsahu a řízení nutriční podpory nejlépe přijímají multidisciplinární nutriční týmy.
Home enteral nutrition is indicated in patients who are at high nutritional risk or malnourished, who are unable to meet nutritional requirements by the oral route, and who exhibit a functional gastrointestinal tract. The primary aims of HEN are to correct significant nutritional deficiencies, to avoid further loss of body weight, and to stop the related deterioration of the patient‘s subjective QoL, all of which can result from poor oral nutritional intake. Usually HEN is started during a hospital stay and continued as a long-term home therapy. HEN can be defined as a life-sustaining therapy and should be considered if a patient‘s nutritional intake is likely to be qualitatively or quantitatively insufficient for a week or more. Enteral nutrition support is a medical treatment but the decisions on route, content, and management of nutritional support are best made by multidisciplinary nutrition teams.
- MeSH
- domácí ošetřování * MeSH
- enterální výživa * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční terapie klasifikace metody MeSH
- potrava speciální analýza MeSH
- úhrada zdravotního pojištění MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- abdominální katastrofa,
- MeSH
- enterální výživa * klasifikace metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční nároky MeSH
- pooperační péče MeSH
- syndrom krátkého střeva dietoterapie komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- enterální výživa * metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hyperglykemie * komplikace MeSH
- inzuliny aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční nároky fyziologie MeSH
- parenterální výživa * metody normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- týmová péče o pacienty MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Perkutánní endoskopická gastrostomie (PEG) a jejunostomie (PEJ) jsou nutritivní stomie do zažívacího traktu určené k aplikaci enterální výživy, tekutin a léčiv. Jsou indikovány k dlouhodobé výživě u pacientů se zachovaným funkčním gastrointestinálním traktem v případech, kdy není pacient schopen adekvátního příjmu potravy ústy a je předpoklad podávání této výživy delší než 4-6 týdnů. Správná indikace, adekvátní příprava pacienta k výkonu, sledování po zavedení PEG či PEJ spolu s edukací jak nemocného, tak jeho rodinných příslušníků a dalších pečujících osob vede ke zkvalitnění péče o pacienta se stomií a snižuje riziko komplikací.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and jejunostomy (PEJ) are nutritional ostomy into the digestive tract intended for the application of enteral nutrition fluids and drugs. They are indicated for long-term nutrition in patients with a preserved functional gastrointestinal tract, in cases where the patient is not capable of adequate food intake by mouth and the administration of this nutrition is expected to be longer than 4-6 weeks. The correct indication, adequate preparation of the patient for the procedure and follow-up after PEG or PEJ insertion, along with education of both the patient and his family members and other caregivers, reduce the risk of complications.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny terapeutické užití MeSH
- anabolika terapeutické užití MeSH
- enterální výživa * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční podpora * metody MeSH
- péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu metody MeSH
- svaly enzymologie fyziologie MeSH
- výchova a vzdělávání MeSH
- zánět dietoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
PURPOSE: Gastric residual measurement is routinely performed in premature infants prior to feeding despite a lack of evidence of benefit. We aimed to evaluate if the exclusion of routine gastric residual measurement and evaluation has an impact on the time taken to achieve full enteral feeding in preterm neonates. METHODS: International multi-centre randomised controlled trial. Clinically stable, appropriate for gestational age infants between 26+0 and 30+6 weeks of gestation and less than 1.5 kg birth weight were eligible. Infants were randomised to the intervention arm (no monitoring of gastric aspirates) or control arm (routine care). Primary outcome was the achievement of enteral feeds of 100 ml/kg/day by day 5 of life. RESULTS: Ninety-five infants were recruited with 88 included in an intention-to-treat analysis, 45 in the intervention arm and 43 in the control arm. There was no imbalance in baseline characteristics. Thirty-three (73.3%) infants in the intervention group and 32 infants (74.4%) in the control group reached full feeds by day 5 of life (p = 0.91) with no difference in median time to full feeds. There were no statistically significant differences in survival or the major morbidities of prematurity. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in time to attainment of enteral feeds of 100 ml/kg/day in premature infants when gastric residuals were not monitored. In the absence of a clinical benefit to routine monitoring, it may be appropriate to discontinue this practice and only monitor residuals when clinical concern of feeding intolerance or gastrointestinal pathology arises in this group of patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03111329- https://clinicaltrials.gov/ . Registered 06/04/2017. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Previous randomized trials have shown little benefit to the performance of routine assessment of gastric residuals in preterm infants. Despite this, they continue to be performed due to concerns from observational data regarding development of NEC. Meta-analysis to date has failed to answer the question regarding NEC. WHAT IS NEW: • In very low birth weight infants who are fed using modern feeding practice of faster feed advancement, to minimize use of central access and parenteral nutrition, exclusion of routine checks of gastric residuals did not increase the proportion of infants reaching full enteral feeds by day 5. No harm was seen when residual checks were not performed. • In the absence of a clinical benefit to the routine performance of gastric residuals in very low birth weight infants, it may be appropriate to discontinue their use and instead check residuals when clinical concern of pathology arises.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- enterální výživa * metody MeSH
- gestační stáří MeSH
- jednoduchá slepá metoda MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec nedonošený * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Predicting response to exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in active Crohn's disease (CD) could lead to therapy personalization and pretreatment optimization. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the ability of pretreatment parameters to predict fecal calprotectin (FCal) levels at EEN completion in a prospective study in children with CD. METHODS: In children with active CD, clinical parameters, dietary intake, cytokines, inflammation-related blood proteomics, and diet-related metabolites, metabolomics and microbiota in feces, were measured before initiation of 8 wk of EEN. Prediction of FCal levels at EEN completion was performed using machine learning. Data are presented with medians (IQR). RESULTS: Of 37 patients recruited, 15 responded (FCal < 250 μg/g) to EEN (responders) and 22 did not (nonresponders). Clinical and immunological parameters were not associated with response to EEN. Responders had lesser (μmol/g) butyrate [responders: 13.2 (8.63-18.4) compared with nonresponders: 22.3 (12.0-32.0); P = 0.03], acetate [responders: 49.9 (46.4-68.4) compared with nonresponders: 70.4 (57.0-95.5); P = 0.027], phenylacetate [responders: 0.175 (0.013-0.611) compared with nonresponders: 0.943 (0.438-1.35); P = 0.021], and a higher microbiota richness [315 (269-347) compared with nonresponders: 243 (205-297); P = 0.015] in feces than nonresponders. Responders consumed (portions/1000 kcal/d) more confectionery products [responders: 0.55 (0.38-0.72) compared with nonresponders: 0.19 (0.01-0.38); P = 0.045]. A multicomponent model using fecal parameters, dietary data, and clinical and immunological parameters predicted response to EEN with 78% accuracy (sensitivity: 80%; specificity: 77%; positive predictive value: 71%; negative predictive value: 85%). Higher taxon abundance from Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Bacteroides and phenylacetate, butyrate, and acetate were the most influential variables in predicting lack of response to EEN. CONCLUSIONS: We identify microbial signals and diet-related metabolites in feces, which could comprise targets for pretreatment optimization and personalized nutritional therapy in pediatric CD.
- MeSH
- acetáty MeSH
- butyráty MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc * terapie metabolismus MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- enterální výživa MeSH
- fenylacetáty MeSH
- indukce remise MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolom MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
