BACKGROUND: Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is an effective treatment for active Crohn's disease (CD). This study explored the immunostimulatory potential of a cell-free fecal filtrate and related this with changes in the fecal microbiota and metabolites in children with active CD undertaking treatment with EEN. METHODS: Production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured following their stimulation with cell-free fecal slurries from children with CD, before, during, and at completion of EEN. The metabolomic profile of the feces used was quantified using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and their microbiota composition with 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. RESULTS: Following treatment with EEN, 8 (72%) of 11 patients demonstrated a reduction in fecal calprotectin (FC) >50% and were subsequently labeled FC responders. In this subgroup, TNFα production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was reduced during EEN (P = .008) and reached levels like healthy control subjects. In parallel to these changes, the fecal concentrations of acetate, butyrate, propionate, choline, and uracil significantly decreased in FC responders, and p-cresol significantly increased. At EEN completion, TNFα production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was positively correlated with butyrate (rho = 0.70; P = .016). Microbiota structure (β diversity) was influenced by EEN treatment, and a total of 28 microbial taxa changed significantly in fecal calprotectin responders. At EEN completion, TNFα production positively correlated with the abundance of fiber fermenters from Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and negatively with Hungatella and Eisenbergiella tayi. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers proof-of concept data to suggest that the efficacy of EEN may result from modulation of diet-dependent microbes and their products that cause inflammation in patients with CD.
- MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc * terapie mikrobiologie imunologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- enterální výživa * metody MeSH
- feces * mikrobiologie chemie MeSH
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex * analýza MeSH
- leukocyty mononukleární imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- TNF-alfa * metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: Immunogenicity is a major reason for secondary loss of response to infliximab (IFX). Recent work suggested potentially lower immunogenicity of subcutaneous (SC) compared to intravenous (IV) IFX. However, it is unknown whether re-exposure to IFX SC after secondary loss of response and immunogenicity to its intravenous formulation is safe and effective. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study conducted at two medical centers, patients with clinically (Harvey-Bradshaw Index ≥ 5) and/or biochemically (fecal calprotectin > 250 μg/g) active Crohn's disease (CD) and previous immunogenic failure of IFX IV underwent exposure to IFX SC. Harvey-Bradshaw Index, fecal calprotectin, IFX serum concentration, and anti-drug antibodies were assessed until month 12. RESULTS: Twenty CD patients were included. The majority of patients (90%) had previous treatment with three or more biologics. Fifteen (75%) and ten (50%) of 20 patients continued IFX SC treatment until months 6 and 12, respectively. No immediate hypersensitivity reactions were observed. Two patients discontinued IFX SC treatment because of delayed hypersensitivity at week 2 and week 4. IFX serum concentrations increased from baseline to month 12, while anti-drug antibody levels decreased. Combined clinical and biochemical remission at month 12 was observed in seven of 20 patients (35%). CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous infliximab treatment of Crohn's disease patients with previous immunogenic failure of intravenous infliximab was well tolerated and effective in a cohort of patients with refractory Crohn's disease.
- MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc * farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- feces chemie MeSH
- infliximab * terapeutické užití imunologie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- injekce subkutánní MeSH
- intravenózní podání MeSH
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- terapie neúspěšná MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- alopurinol aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- azathioprin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc * farmakoterapie imunologie komplikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- infliximab * aplikace a dávkování imunologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- lékové postižení jater etiologie MeSH
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náhrada léků MeSH
- terapie neúspěšná MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc farmakoterapie MeSH
- farmakoterapie metody MeSH
- infliximab * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- injekce subkutánní * MeSH
- intravenózní infuze škodlivé účinky MeSH
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Kalprotektin se nachází v tělesných tekutinách v koncentracích odpovídajících stupni zánětu. Ve stolici je jeho hladina 6× vyšší než v krvi. Fekální kalprotektin je obrazem intenzity střevního zánětu.
Calprotectin is found in bodily fluids at concentrations proportional to the degree of inflammation, in feces at levels roughly 6× higher than in the blood. Fecal calprotectin reflects intestinal inflammation.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex * analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- revmatoidní artritida * diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Cíl studie: posouzení využitelnosti sérového kalprotektinu jako biomarkeru bakteriální infekce v rutinní praxi. Typ studie: prospektivní, observační studie. Název a sídlo pracoviště: Ústřední vojenská nemocnice – Vojenská fakultní nemocnice Praha Materiál a metody: do studie byli zařazeni všichni pacienti přijatí na Kliniku infekčních nemocí v období leden až březen 2020. Sérový kalprotektin byl stanoven pomocí systému EVOLIS™ Microplate a komerčně dostupné enzymoimunoeseje firmy Biovendor. Výsledky: celkem byla vyhodnocena data 36 nemocných (24 mužů a 12 žen s průměrným věkem 63,9 let), u kterých byla potvrzena diagnóza virové nebo bakteriální infekce. Nejčastějším zdrojem bakteriální infekce byly dýchací cesty (33,3 %), následované měkkými tkáněmi (25 %) a infekcemi urogenitálního a gastrointestinálního traktu (shodně 16,7 %). Virovou infekci nejčastěji představovala chřipka A (66,6 %). Medián sérové koncentrace kalprotektinu u bakteriální infekce byl 4,12 mg/L oproti 2,03 mg/L při infekci virové. U 12 nemocných s bakteriální infekcí a zvýšeným C-reaktivním proteinem (CRP), u kterých nebyl zvýšen prokalcitonin (PCT), byla zjištěna zvýšená hodnota sérového kalprotektinu. Naopak u osmi nemocných s potvrzenou bakteriální infekcí nebyl kalprotektin zvýšen, čtyři z těchto pacientů měli současně s CRP zvýšený i PCT a čtyři nemocní měli zvýšené pouze CRP. V souboru byl rovněž případ bakteriální infekce se zvýšeným kalprotektinem a negativním CRP i PCT. Závěr: výsledky naší studie naznačily význam sérového kalprotektinu jako doplňkového parametru pro diagnostiku bakteriální infekce.
Objective: evaluation of clinical use of serum calprotectin as biomarker of bacterial infection Design: prospective, observational study Settings: Military University Hospital Prague Material and Methods: all patients admitted to the Department of infectious Diseases during the period between January and March 2020 were enrolled to the study. Serum calprotectin was analyzed using EVOLIS™ Microplate system and commercially available assay from the Biovendor company. Results: Altogether, data of 36 enrolled patients with proven bacterial or viral infection (24 males and 12 females with mean age 63.9 years) were evaluated. The most frequent source of bacterial infection was respiratory tract (33.3 %) followed by soft tissue (25 %) and infections of urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts (both 16.7 %). The most common viral infection was flu A (66.6 %). Median of calprotectin serum concentration in bacterial infection was 4.12 mg/L in comparison to 2.03 mg/L in viral infection. In 12 patients with bacterial infection with negative procalcitonin (PCT) levels, both C-reactive protein (CRP) and calprotectin were elevated. On the other hand, eight patients with proven bacterial infection had negative calprotectin serum levels. Four of these patients had elevated CRP and PCT and four CRP only. In addition, in the cohort with bacterial infection, there was one patient with calprotectin elevation only. Conclusion: the results of our study indicated serum calprotectin as additional parameter of bacterial infection.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Ontamalimab, a fully-human monoclonal antibody targeting MAdCAM-1, induced remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis [UC] in the TURANDOT study. We aimed to assess long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of ontamalimab in TURANDOT II. METHODS: TURANDOT II was a phase 2, multicentre, open-label [OL] study in patients with moderate-to-severe UC who completed TURANDOT on placebo or ontamalimab (NCT01771809). Patients were randomised to 75 mg or 225 mg ontamalimab every 4 weeks for 72 weeks [OL1]. The dosage could be increased to 225 mg from Week 8 at the investigator's discretion. All patients then received 75 mg every 4 weeks for 72 weeks [OL2], followed by 6-month safety follow-up. The primary objective was safety, measured by adverse events [AEs], serious AEs [SAEs], and AEs leading to withdrawal. Mucosal healing [MH; centrally read endoscopy] was assessed. RESULTS: Of 330 patients, 180 completed OL1; 94 escalated to 225 mg; 127 completed OL2. Overall, 36.1% experienced drug-related AEs. The most common SAE [10.0%] was worsening/ongoing UC; 5.5% of patients had serious infections, the most common being gastroenteritis [0.9%]. One death and four cancers [all unrelated to ontamalimab] occurred. No PML [progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]/lymphoproliferative disorders occurred. Geometric mean high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP] and faecal calprotectin decreased across OL1 in both dose groups. The proportion of patients assigned to placebo in TURANDOT achieving MH increased from 8.8% [6/68] at baseline to 35.3% at Week 16 [24/68; non-responder imputation]. The corresponding increase in the ontamalimab group was from 23.3% [61/262] to 26.7% [70/262]. CONCLUSIONS: Ontamalimab was well tolerated up to 144 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe UC, with good safety and efficacy.
- MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein analýza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gastrointestinální endoskopie metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- gastrointestinální látky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- imunologická odpověď na dávku MeSH
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekuly buněčné adheze antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- monitorování léčiv * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- mukoproteiny antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida * diagnóza farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Patients' perspectives after switching from originator to biosimilar adalimumab have yet to be assessed. We evaluated the efficacy of switching from the originator adalimumab to a biosimilar compound [SB5] in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. METHODS: Data on IBD patients who were switched from the originator to biosimilar adalimumab [SB5] at IBD Center ISCARE were analysed. Disease activity was assessed using standard clinical indices (Harvey-Bradshaw index [HBI] for Crohn's disease [CD] and partial Mayo score for ulcerative colitis [UC]), and laboratory parameters (C-reactive protein [CRP] and faecal calprotectin [FC]). Trough levels and anti-drug antibodies were measured. Patients were evaluated 10 weeks [W10] after the switch, and results were compared with the control group of patients on originator compound. RESULTS: A total of 93 patients switched to biosimilar adalimumab were included [CD 86%] and were matched to 93 controls for age, gender, diagnosis, and disease activity. There was no difference in the disease activity in either SWITCH or ORIGINATOR cohorts between Weeks 0 and 10. Similarly, no difference was found between cohorts at both prespecified time points. Moreover, no significant differences in CRP or FC concentrations were seen between W0 and W10 either in the SWITCH, or in the ORIGINATOR cohort [p >0.05]. Adalimumab serum trough levels remained stable after the switch. No new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed that switching IBD patients from the originator adalimumab to a biosimilar compound [SB5] does not affect treatment efficacy.
- MeSH
- adalimumab krev imunologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- biosimilární léčivé přípravky krev terapeutické užití MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein metabolismus MeSH
- centra terciární péče MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc krev farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- feces chemie MeSH
- gastrointestinální látky krev imunologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náhrada léků MeSH
- protilátky krev MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida krev farmakoterapie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] is thought to be T cell mediated and therefore dependent on the interaction between the T cell receptor [TCR] and human leukocyte antigen [HLA] proteins expressed on antigen presenting cells. The collection of all TCRs in one individual, known as the TCR repertoire, is characterised by enormous diversity and inter-individual variability. It was shown that healthy monozygotic [MZ] twins are more similar in their TCR repertoire than unrelated individuals. Therefore MZ twins, concordant or discordant for IBD, may be useful to identify disease-related and non-genetic factors in the TCR repertoire which could potentially be used as disease biomarkers. METHODS: Employing unique molecular barcoding that can distinguish between polymerase chain reaction [PCR] artefacts and true sequence variation, we performed deep TCRα and TCRβ repertoire profiling of the peripheral blood of 28 MZ twin pairs from Denmark and Germany, 24 of whom were discordant and four concordant for IBD. RESULTS: We observed disease- and smoking-associated traits such as sharing, diversity and abundance of specific clonotypes in the TCR repertoire of IBD patients, and particularly in patients with active disease, compared with their healthy twins. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings identified TCR repertoire features specific for smokers and IBD patients, particularly when signs of disease activity were present. These findings are a first step towards the application of TCR repertoire analyses as a valuable tool to characterise inflammatory bowel diseases and to identify potential biomarkers and true disease causes.
- MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein analýza MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc * diagnóza imunologie patofyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojčata monozygotní MeSH
- feces MeSH
- geny TcR alfa * MeSH
- geny TcR beta * MeSH
- kouření imunologie MeSH
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- posouzení stavu pacienta MeSH
- receptory antigenů T-buněk alfa-beta krev MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida * diagnóza imunologie patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- studie na dvojčatech MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Dánsko MeSH
- Německo MeSH