Acute cellular rejection (ACR) frequently occurs following lung transplantation (LuTx) and represents a risk factor for the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) as well as long-term survival. The histopathological diagnosis of ACR carries a burden of interobserver variability. The widespread utilization and cost-effectiveness of immunohistochemistry (IHC) was proven beneficial in diagnosing rejection in human kidney transplantations and LuTx rat models. However, its potential for ACR detection in patients remains unexplored. We analyzed surface markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, CD47, PD-1, PD-L1, and CD31/PECAM-1) on lung tissue cryobiopsy samples collected within 6 months post-LuTx from 60 LuTx recipients, 48 of whom were diagnosed with ACR. Additionally, serum samples from 51 patients were analyzed using a multiplex bead-based Luminex assay. The cytokines and markers included PD-L1, IL2, TNFα, IFNγ, and Granzyme B. We observed a significant increase in PD-L1 tissue expression within the rejection group, suggesting a concerted effort to suppress immune responses, especially those mediated by T-cells. Furthermore, we noted significant differences in PECAM-1 levels between ACR/non-ACR. Additionally, peripheral blood C-reactive-protein levels tended to be higher in the ACR group, while Luminex serum analyses did not reveal any significant differences between groups. In conclusion, our findings suggest the potential value of PECAM-1 and PD-L1 markers in diagnosing ACR.

• MeSH
• akutní nemoc MeSH
• antigeny CD274 * metabolismus   krev   MeSH
• antigeny CD31 * metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery * krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plíce patologie   MeSH
• rejekce štěpu * diagnóza   krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transplantace plic * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Doporučené postupy klinické péče o nosiče patogenních variant v klinicky relevantních genech predisponujících ke vzniku Lynchova syndromu a karcinomu kolorekta definují kroky primární a sekundární prevence, která by měla být osobám ve vysokém riziku vzniku dědičných nádorů v ČR poskytnuta. Tvorba doporučených postupů byla organizována pracovní skupinou onkogenetiky Společnosti lékařské genetiky a genomiky při České lékařské společnosti J. E. Purkyně ve spolupráci se zástupci onkologie, onkogynekologie a gastroenterologie. Doporučené postupy vycházejí z aktuálních doporučení National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), Evropské společnosti pro klinickou onkologii (ESMO) a zohledňují kapacitní možnosti našeho zdravotnictví.

The guidelines for clinical practice for carriers of pathogenic variants in clinically relevant genes predisposing to Lynch syndrome and colorectal cancer define the steps of primary and secondary prevention that should be provided to the individuals at high risk of developing hereditary cancer in the Czech Republic. The drafting of the guidelines was organized by the Oncogenetics Working Group of the Society for Medical Genetics and Genomics of J. E. Purkyně Czech Medical Society, in cooperation with representatives of oncology, oncogynecology, and gastroenterology. The guidelines are based on the current recommendations of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) and take into account the capacity of the Czech healthcare system.

• MeSH
• adhezní molekula epiteliálních buněk genetika   MeSH
• dědičné nepolypózní kolorektální nádory genetika   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci * genetika   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * genetika   MeSH
• mismatch repair endonukleáza PMS2 genetika   MeSH
• MutL homolog 1 genetika   MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• zárodečné mutace genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare and aggressive T-cell lymphoma, classified into ALK-positive and ALK-negative subtypes, based on the presence of chromosomal translocations involving the ALK gene. The current standard of treatment for ALCL is polychemotherapy, with a high overall survival rate. However, a subset of patients does not respond to or develops resistance to these therapies, posing a serious challenge for clinicians. Recent targeted treatments such as ALK kinase inhibitors and anti-CD30 antibody-drug conjugates have shown promise but, for a fraction of patients, the prognosis is still unsatisfactory. METHODS: We investigated the genetic landscape of ALK + ALCL by whole-exome sequencing; recurring mutations were characterized in vitro and in vivo using transduced ALCL cellular models. RESULTS: Recurrent mutations in FAT family genes and the transcription factor RUNX1T1 were found. These mutations induced changes in ALCL cells morphology, growth, and migration, shedding light on potential factors contributing to treatment resistance. In particular, FAT4 silencing in ALCL cells activated the β-catenin and YAP1 pathways, which play crucial roles in tumor growth, and conferred resistance to chemotherapy. Furthermore, STAT1 and STAT3 were hyper-activated in these cells. Gene expression profiling showed global changes in pathways related to cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, and oncogenic signaling. Notably, FAT mutations associated with poor outcome in patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide novel insights into the molecular portrait of ALCL, that could help improve treatment strategies and the prognosis for ALCL patients.

• MeSH
• anaplastický velkobuněčný lymfom * genetika   patologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• kadheriny * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• sekvenování exomu MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: The use of inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO), a conjugated anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody, is becoming a promising frontline treatment for older patients with ALL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: EWALL-INO is an open-label prospective multicenter phase II trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03249870). Patients age 55 years and older with newly diagnosed CD22+ Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) B-cell precursor (BCP) ALL were eligible. After a prephase, a first induction consisting of vincristine, dexamethasone, and three injections of InO (0.8 mg/m2 day 1, 0.5 mg/m2 day 8/day 15) was followed by a second induction combining cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, and two injections of InO (0.5 mg/m2 day 1/day 8). Responders received up to six cycles of chemotherapy consolidation and 18-month chemotherapy maintenance. Allotransplant was allowed after three consolidations. The primary end point was 1-year overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Between December 2017 and March 2022, 131 patients (median age 68 years) were included. Three patients died during induction 1 (n = 130), two from multiple organ failure and one from hemorrhage, and none during induction 2 (n = 120). After induction 2, 90% of the patients achieved complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp) and 80% had measurable residual disease (MRD2) <10-4. Among responders (n = 119), 47 relapsed and 14 died in CR/CRp. One-year OS, relapse-free survival (RFS), and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) rates were 73.2%, 66%, and 25%, respectively. High-risk cytogenetics and lower CD22 expression (<70%) were associated with worse OS, while both high-risk cytogenetics and MRD2 ≥10-4 were associated with lower RFS and higher CIR. The 10 allotransplanted patients had very favorable outcomes (90% 2-year OS/RFS and no relapse). Only one nonfatal sinusoidal obstructive syndrome was documented during the study. CONCLUSION: Our results support InO's use in first-line regimens for older patients with CD22+ Ph- BCP-ALL.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD22 * MeSH
• cyklofosfamid aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dexamethason aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• filadelfský chromozom MeSH
• inotuzumab ozogamicin * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pre-B-buněčná leukemie * farmakoterapie   mortalita   genetika   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vinkristin aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

Background: The second-leading source of neoplasm-related death and a primary factor in gastrointestinal cancer, colorectal cancer (CCR) affects both genders globally. Poor eating behaviours, tobacco, an intestinal inflammatory disorder, swellings, inherited characteristics, and the elderly all increase the threat of acquiring this malignancy. The illness is more hostile in patients detected at earlier ages, although 90% of patients with colorectal tumours are older than 50, with a median oldness of 64 years. American Cancer Association estimates that it caused more than 49,700 fatalities in 2015.Objectives: Study the correlation of midkine with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), liver function tests, and white blood cell count in patients with colorectal carcinoma.Methods: The serum midkine and CEA of all subjects were measured by the ELISA technique, Liver enzymes were measured by colourimetric methods and neutrophils, and lymphocytes were measured by an Electrical Impedance Cell Counting method (automated machine).Conclusion: The study results of the correlation between serum midkine and other parameters in colorectal carcinoma patients show a significant positive correlation of midkine with CEA, liver enzyme, neutrophils, and lymphocytes.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hematologické testy metody   MeSH
• jaterní testy metody   MeSH
• karcinoembryonální antigen krev   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * krev   MeSH
• leukocyty MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• midkin * krev   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery krev   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH

In intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), and some other immunoglobulin products, protein particles have been implicated in adverse events. Role and mechanisms of immunoglobulin particles in vascular adverse effects of blood components and manufactured biologics have not been elucidated. We have developed a model of spherical silica microparticles (SiMPs) of distinct sizes 200-2000 nm coated with different IVIG- or albumin (HSA)-coronas and investigated their effects on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). IVIG products (1-20 mg/mL), bare SiMPs or SiMPs with IVIG-corona, did not display significant toxicity to unstimulated HUVEC. In contrast, in TNFα-stimulated HUVEC, IVIG-SiMPs induced decrease of HUVEC viability compared to HSA-SiMPs, while no toxicity of soluble IVIG was observed. 200 nm IVIG-SiMPs after 24 h treatment further increased ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) and tissue factor surface expression, apoptosis, mammalian target of rapamacin (mTOR)-dependent activation of autophagy, and release of extracellular vesicles, positive for mitophagy markers. Toxic effects of IVIG-SiMPs were most prominent for 200 nm SiMPs and decreased with larger SiMP size. Using blocking antibodies, toxicity of IVIG-SiMPs was found dependent on FcγRII receptor expression on HUVEC, which increased after TNFα-stimulation. Similar results were observed with different IVIG products and research grade IgG preparations. In conclusion, submicron particles with immunoglobulin corona induced size-dependent toxicity in TNFα-stimulated HUVEC via FcγRII receptors, associated with apoptosis and mTOR-dependent activation of autophagy. Testing of IVIG toxicity in endothelial cells prestimulated with proinflammatory cytokines is relevant to clinical conditions. Our results warrant further studies on endothelial toxicity of sub-visible immunoglobulin particles.

• MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• autofagie * účinky léků   MeSH
• endoteliální buňky pupečníkové žíly (lidské) * účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• intravenózní imunoglobuliny * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezibuněčná adhezivní molekula-1 metabolismus   MeSH
• oxid křemičitý chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• proteinová korona metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory IgG * metabolismus   MeSH
• TNF-alfa * metabolismus   MeSH
• TOR serin-threoninkinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND/AIM: Classical serum cancer biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), remain important tools in colorectal cancer (CRC) management for disease follow up. However, their sensitivity and specificity are low for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of biomarkers reflecting biological activity of tumors - tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS), cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1), thymidine kinase (TK), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3) - together with the CEA and CA 19-9 in CRC diagnosis and prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study including 148 CRC patients and 68 age-matched healthy subjects. Serum biomarkers were measured in pre-operative serum samples using immunoanalytical methods. The end-point for the diagnostic evaluation was the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC) of the biomarkers. The end-point for the prognostic evaluation was overall survival. RESULTS: Serum levels of CEA, CA 19-9, TPS, and TK were significantly increased in CRC early-stage patients compared with healthy controls. Each of the studied biomarkers had AUC between 0.6 and 0.7. Analysis of survival demonstrated that the patients with CEA, CA 19-9, cytokeratin, and TK above optimal cut offs had significantly shorter survival. A multivariate analysis performed on all the study biomarkers resulted in the selection of CYFRA 21-1 as the best performing biomarker with hazard ratio 10.413. CONCLUSION: The combination of cytokeratins and thymidine kinase with classical cancer biomarkers enables the prediction of tumor aggressiveness and long-term prognosis.

• MeSH
• antigen CA-19-9 * krev   MeSH
• antigeny nádorové krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I metabolismus   MeSH
• karcinoembryonální antigen * krev   MeSH
• keratin-19 krev   MeSH
• keratiny krev   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * krev   diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery * krev   MeSH
• peptidy MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• thymidinkináza * krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Periostin is a matricellular protein. Elevated serum concentrations of periostin have been reported in patients with various cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure. Patients with end-stage renal disease have a substantially increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a lack of clinical studies to clarify the prognostic significance of systemic periostin on all-cause mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. METHODS: 313 stable end-stage renal disease patients were recruited and followed for 5 years concerning all-cause mortality. At baseline, we collected blood samples and clinical data. Serum periostin concentrations were measured using a certified ELISA. RESULTS: The optimal cut-off value for serum periostin regarding all-cause mortality, calculated through receiver operating characteristic analysis, was 777.5 pmol/L. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis using this cut-off value demonstrated that higher periostin concentrations are linked to higher all-cause mortality (log-rank test: p = 0.002). Subgroup analysis revealed that serum periostin concentrations only affected all-cause mortality in male but not in female patients (p = 0.002 in male patients and p = 0.474 in female patients). Multivariate Cox regression analyses, adjusted for confounding factors, likewise showed that elevated serum periostin concentrations were positively associated with all-cause mortality in male (p = 0.028) but not in female patients on hemodialysis (p = 0.313). CONCLUSION: Baseline serum periostin is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in male patients with chronic renal disease on hemodialysis.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin * terapie   mortalita   krev   komplikace   MeSH
• dialýza ledvin * MeSH
• Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekuly buněčné adheze * krev   MeSH
• periostin MeSH
• příčina smrti trendy   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Crohnova choroba a ulcerózní kolitida jsou chronická, zánětlivá střevní onemocnění medikamentózně a chirurgicky nevy- léčitelná. V posledních 20 letech došlo k dramatickému vývoji především léčby medikamentózní. V biologické léčbě byly zavedeny nové preparáty s mechanismem účinku cíleným na molekuly s klíčovým postavením v patogenezi idiopatických střevních zánětů.

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic, inflammatory bowel disease medically and surgically incurable. In the last 20 years, there has been a dramatic development, especially of medicamentous treatment. In biological therapy, new agents have been introduced with a mechanism of action targeted on molecules of key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.

• MeSH
• biologická terapie metody   MeSH
• biosimilární léčivé přípravky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc farmakoterapie   MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• individualizovaná medicína MeSH
• inhibitory interleukinu terapeutické užití   MeSH
• inhibitory Janus kinas aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• inhibitory TNF aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekuly buněčné adheze antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• receptory sfingosin-1-fosfátu antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• ulcerózní kolitida farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Hyaluronan, a linear glycosaminoglycan comprising D-N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid, is the main component of the extracellular matrix. Its influence on cell proliferation, migration, inflammation, signalling, and other functions, depends heavily on its molecular weight and chemical modification. Unsaturated HA oligosaccharides are available in defined length and purity. Their potential therapeutic utility can be further improved by chemical modification, e. g., reduction. No synthesis of such modified oligosaccharides, either stepwise or by hyaluronan cleavage, has been reported yet. Here we show a three-step synthesis (esterification, depolymerization and reduction) of unsaturated even numbered hyaluronan oligosaccharides with carboxylates and the reducing terminus reduced to an alcohol. Particular oligosaccharides were synthesised. The modified oligosaccharides are not cleaved by mammalian or bacterial hyaluronidase and do not affect the growth of mouse and human fibroblasts. Further, MTT and NRU viability tests showed that they inhibit the growth of human colon carcinoma cells HT-29 by 20-50 % in concentrations 500-1000 μg/mL. Interestingly, this effect takes place regardless of CD44 receptor expression and was not observed with unmodified HA oligosaccharides. These compounds could serve as enzymatically stable building blocks for biologically active substances.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD44 metabolismus   MeSH
• buňky HT-29 MeSH
• cytostatické látky * farmakologie   chemie   chemická syntéza   MeSH
• fibroblasty účinky léků   MeSH
• hyaluronoglukosaminidasa * metabolismus   antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oligosacharidy * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk * účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH