Tributyltin (TBT) contamination remains a major problem worldwide. Many laboratories are committed to the development of remediation methodologies that could help reduce the negative impact of this compound in the environment. Furthermore, it is important to have at hand simple methodologies for evaluating TBT toxicity in the laboratory, besides the use of complex and costly analytical instrumentation. With that purpose, a method was adapted that is based on the inhibition of growth of an indicator strain, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, under TBT. Different types of matrices, of TBT concentrations and sample treatments were tested. The results herein reported show that the bioassay method can be applied for both aqueous and soil samples and also for a high range of TBT concentrations (at least up to 500 μmol/L). Besides being cheap and easy to perform, it can be performed in any laboratory. Additionally, one possible application of the method to monitor TBT degradation is presented as an example.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• Micrococcus luteus účinky léků   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• trialkylcínové sloučeniny toxicita   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In this study, the chronic toxic effects of tributyltin (TBT), an antifouling paints commonly present in surface and ground water, on morphological indices, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and ATPase activity and heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 protein in tissues (liver, gill, and white muscle) of common carp were investigated. Fish were exposed at sublethal concentrations of TBT (75 ng/L, 0.75 μg/L, and 7.5 μg/L) for 60 days. When compared with the control, there was significant lower condition factor in fish exposed at the higher concentration of TBT. ROS levels in three tissues increased significantly at higher TBT concentrations (0.75 and 7.5 μg/L). The hepatic antioxidant enzymes (total antioxidative capacity and superoxide dismutase) activities were induced at higher concentrations (0.75 μg/L) of TBT. When compared with the hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities in fish exposed to 0.75 μg/L of TBT, there was a decreasing trend in those exposed to TBT with a concentration of 7.5 μg/L. However, all the antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly inhibited in gill and muscle of fish exposed to higher TBT concentrations (0.75 and 7.5 μg/L). Moreover, there was significant lower Na-K-ATPase in three tissues after long-term exposure to higher concentration of TBT, but a significant higher Hsp70 protein levels was observed. In short, environmental concentrations of TBT could not induce obvious impacts on fish, but long-term exposure to higher concentrations of TBT could affect seriously the health status of fish. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 937-944, 2016.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• kapři metabolismus   MeSH
• orgánová specificita MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 metabolismus   MeSH
• rybí proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa metabolismus   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• trialkylcínové sloučeniny toxicita   MeSH
• žábry metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Tributyltin (TBT), as antifouling paints, is widely present in aquatic environment, but little is known regarding the toxicity of TBT on fish brain. In this study, the effects of exposure to TBT on the antioxidant defense system, Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase activity, neurological enzymes activity and Hsp 70 protein level in brain of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were studied. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of TBT (5, 10 and 20 μg/L) for 7 days. Based on the results, with increasing concentrations of TBT, oxidative stress was apparent as reflected by the significant higher levels of oxidative indices, as well as the significant inhibition of all antioxidant enzymes activities. Besides, the activities of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Monoamine oxidases (MAO) and Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase were significantly inhibited after exposure to TBT with higher concentrations. In addition, the levels of Hsp 70 protein were evaluated under TBT stress with dose-depended manner. These results suggest that selected physiological responses in fish brain could be used as potential biomarkers for monitoring residual organotin compounds present in aquatic environment.

• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa metabolismus   MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• kapři * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mozek účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa metabolismus   MeSH
• trialkylcínové sloučeniny toxicita   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vodní hospodářství MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The effect of long-term exposure to tributyltin (TBT) on the intestine-related biochemical biomarkers in common carp was investigated in this study. Fish were exposed at sub-lethal concentrations of TBT (75 ng/L, 0.75 and 7.5 μg/L) for 60 days. Multiple biomarkers were measured, including digestive enzymes (trypsin, lipase and amylase), antioxidant responses (malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC)), RNA/DNA ratio and the expression of digestive-related genes (try, lipc and amy). TBT exposure at 0.75 and 7.5 μg/L led to significantly inhibited activities of all digestive enzymes. At higher concentration of TBT, oxidative stress was apparent as reflected by the significant higher MDA content in the fish intestine, associated with an inhibition of T-AOC activities. After 60 days, the RNA/DNA ratio in fish intestine was significantly lower in groups exposed to TBT at higher concentrations (0.75 and 7.5 μg/L). In addition, the expression levels of try, lipc and amy in intestine of all treated fish were inhibited, even at the environmental concentration (75 ng/L). Our results suggest that long-term exposure to TBT could result in different responses of intestine-related biochemical biomarkers in fish, which could be used as new potential indicators for monitoring residual TBT present in aquatic environment.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• chymotrypsin metabolismus   MeSH
• DNA metabolismus   MeSH
• kapři metabolismus   MeSH
• malondialdehyd metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• pankreatická elastasa metabolismus   MeSH
• pesticidy chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• střeva účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• trialkylcínové sloučeniny chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• trypsin metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

1. The purpose of this study was to compare tributyltin (TBT)-induced cytochrome P450 1 (CYP450 1) regulation in liver, gills and muscle of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). 2. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of TBT (75, 0.75 and 7.5 μg/L) for 60 days. CYP450 1A was measured at the enzyme activity level as 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, as well as the mRNA expression of CYP450 1 family genes (CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP1C1 and CYP1C2) in fish tissues. 3. Based on the results, the liver displayed the highest absolute levels of EROD activity, both under nonexposed and exposed conditions. Additional, EROD activities and CYP1A gene levels showed a good correlation in all three organs. According to the mRNA expression of CYP450 1 family genes, it suggested that CYP1A was to accommodate most EROD activity in fish, but other CYP450 forms also involved in this proceeding. 4. Overall, the study revealed both similarities and differences in the concentration-dependent CYP450 1 responses of the three target organs, which could provide useful information to better understand the mechanisms of TBT-induced bio-toxicity.

• MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 metabolismus   MeSH
• kapři genetika   MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• orgánová specificita účinky léků   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese enzymů účinky léků   MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• trialkylcínové sloučeniny toxicita   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Tributyltin (TBT) is a ubiquitous contaminant in aquatic environment, but the detailed mechanisms underlying the toxicity of TBT have not been fully understood. In this study, the effects of TBT on behavior, energy metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were investigated by using Chinese rare minnow larvae. Fish larvae were exposed at sublethal concentrations of TBT (100, 400 and 800 ng/L) for 7 days. Compared with the control, energy metabolic parameters (RNA/DNA ratio, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) were significantly inhibited in fish exposed at highest concentration (800 ng/L), as well as abnormal behaviors observed. Moreover, we found that the PERK (PKR-like ER kinase)-eIF2α (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α) pathway, as the main branch was activated by TBT exposure in fish larvae. In short, TBT-induced physiological, biochemical and molecular responses in fish larvae were reflected in parameters measured in this study, which suggest that these biomarkers could be used as potential indicators for monitoring organotin compounds present in aquatic environment.

• MeSH
• chování zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• Cyprinidae růst a vývoj   MeSH
• DNA vazebné proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• endoribonukleasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• energetický metabolismus účinky léků   MeSH
• kinasa eIF-2 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• larva účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• stres endoplazmatického retikula účinky léků   MeSH
• transkripční faktor ATF4 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• transkripční faktory genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• trialkylcínové sloučeniny toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

Tributyltin (TBT), a toxic contaminant in aquatic environments, has bio-accumulated in aquatic food webs throughout the world and can be found at toxic levels in some biota. However, the molecular mechanisms and effects of TBT are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of long-term exposure of TBT on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 1 regulation and heat-shock proteins (HSPs) profiling in brain of freshwater teleost. The effects of long-term exposure to TBT on mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 1 family genes and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in the brain of common carp were evaluated, as well as HSP 70 level. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of TBT (75 ng/L, 0.75 μg/L and 7.5 μg/L) for 15, 30, and 60 days. Based on the results, long-term exposure (more than 15 days) to TBT could lead to obvious physiological-biochemical responses (based on EROD activity, HSP 70 level and CYP450 1 family genes expression). The mRNA expression of CYP450 1 family genes (CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP1C1 and CYP1C2) suggested that CYP1A was to accommodate most EROD activity in fish, but other CYP450 forms also involved in this proceeding. Thus, the measured physiological responses in fish brain could provide useful information to better understand the mechanisms of TBT-induced bio-toxicity and could be used as potential biomarkers for monitoring the TBT pollution in the field.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• exprese genu účinky léků   MeSH
• kapři MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• mozek účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• trialkylcínové sloučeniny toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• trialkyltin compounds, charakteristika, účinky nepříznivé, vliv na zdraví, toxicita, trialkyltin - toxicita - prostředí životní - materiály WHO,

• Konspekt
• Chemie. Mineralogické vědy
• NLK Obory
• chemie, klinická chemie
• toxikologie
• environmentální vědy
• environmentální vědy
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Chironomidae účinky léků   MeSH
• Chlorophyta účinky léků   MeSH
• Oligochaeta účinky léků   MeSH
• trialkylcínové sloučeniny škodlivé účinky   MeSH

• MeSH
• maximální přípustná koncentrace MeSH
• pracovní expozice MeSH
• trialkylcínové sloučeniny toxicita   škodlivé účinky   škodlivé účinky   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• pracovní lékařství
• toxikologie
• environmentální vědy
• environmentální vědy
• chemie, klinická chemie
• hygiena
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO