venom resources Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
BACKGROUND: Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that kills an estimated 81,000 to 138,000 people and disables another 400,000 globally every year. The World Health Organization aims to halve this burden by 2030. To achieve this ambitious goal, we need to close the data gap in snake ecology and snakebite epidemiology and give healthcare providers up-to-date knowledge and access to better diagnostic tools. An essential first step is to improve the capacity to identify biting snakes taxonomically. The existence of AI-based identification tools for other animals offers an innovative opportunity to apply machine learning to snake identification and snakebite envenoming, a life-threatening situation. METHODOLOGY: We developed an AI model based on Vision Transformer, a recent neural network architecture, and a comprehensive snake photo dataset of 386,006 training photos covering 198 venomous and 574 non-venomous snake species from 188 countries. We gathered photos from online biodiversity platforms (iNaturalist and HerpMapper) and a photo-sharing site (Flickr). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The model macro-averaged F1 score, which reflects the species-wise performance as averaging performance for each species, is 92.2%. The accuracy on a species and genus level is 96.0% and 99.0%, respectively. The average accuracy per country is 94.2%. The model accurately classifies selected venomous and non-venomous lookalike species from Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this model's taxonomic and geographic coverage and performance are unprecedented. This model could provide high-speed and low-cost snake identification to support snakebite victims and healthcare providers in low-resource settings, as well as zoologists, conservationists, and nature lovers from across the world.
- MeSH
- antiveniny terapeutické užití MeSH
- celosvětové zdraví MeSH
- hadi MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- opomíjené nemoci diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- umělá inteligence MeSH
- uštknutí hadem * diagnóza epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- subsaharská Afrika MeSH
Cílem tohoto textu je nabídnout vhled do některých nových trendů, inovací a novinek v oblasti alergologie a klinické imunologie (AKI) tak, aby byl srozumitelný i jiným lékařům. Při jednoduchém dělení na diagnostiku (RNDr. Půtová) a léčbu (doc. Čáp) budeme komentovat imunoterapii alergenem, vybrané farmakologické výhledy a postřehy a léčbu biologickou. Kromě novinek bychom chtěli zdůraznit a opakovat jako mantru stále nesmírně důležité doporučení pro ostatní kolegy, že základem správné diagnózy v alergologii přes všechny pokroky a technické novinky je detailní analýza individuální zdravotní historie, tedy nejen pečlivá, ale i cílená anamnéza.1 A toto se týká zásadně všech lékařů, nikoli jen specialistů tohoto oboru. Tento léty osvědčený přístup vede nejen k přesné diagnóze a ušetří pacientovi obíhání po jednotlivých odbornostech, aby se za každou cenu vyčerpaly všechny myslitelné možnosti, ale uspoří i nemalé prostředky pojišťovnám hradícím náklady. Akcent na anamnézu v oboru AKI není také informací jen pro mediky v rámci propedeutiky, ale naprosto zásadním přístupem v každodenní praxi, který nelze zpochybnit žádnou převratnou novinkou.
The aim of this text is to offer an insight into some new trends, innovations and news in the field in order to be understandable to other physicians. In a simple division into diagnostics (RNDr. Půtová) and treatment (doc. Čáp) we will comment on allergen immunotherapy, selected pharmacological perspectives and observations and biological treatment. In addition to news, we would like to emphasize and repeat as an mantra an extremely important recommendation for other colleagues that the basis of a correct diagnosis in allergology despite all advances and technical innovations is a detailed analysis of individual health history, not only a careful but also a targeted medical history.1 And this applies essentially to all physicians, not just specialists in this field. This tried‑and‑tested approach not only leads to accurate diagnosis and saves the patient from circulating through the individual expertise to exhaust all conceivable possibilities at all costs, but also saves considerable resources to insurance companies covering costs. The accent on the history of AKI is not only information for medics in propedeutics, but an absolutely essential approach in everyday practice that cannot be called into question by any groundbreaking news.
