• MeSH
• anatomie topografická MeSH
• chirurgie operační MeSH
• embryologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• chirurgie
• anatomie
• embryologie a teratologie

• Konspekt
• Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
• NLK Obory
• anatomie

New insight on the mycorrhizal fungus-host association, expected to emerge from combining dendrochronology, wood anatomy and mycology, may help to understanding better and disentangle biotic, abiotic, and combined edaphic factors of the mutualistic relation between ectomycorrhizal fungi and their perennial partners.

• MeSH
• Ascomycota fyziologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dřevo anatomie a histologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• houby fyziologie   MeSH
• mykologie MeSH
• mykorhiza fyziologie   MeSH
• rostliny anatomie a histologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• stromy anatomie a histologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• symbióza * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The release of water from storage compartments to the transpiration stream is an important functional mechanism that provides the buffering of sudden fluctuations in water potential. The ability of tissues to release water per change in water potential, referred to as hydraulic capacitance, is assumed to be associated with the anatomy of storage tissues. However, information about how specific anatomical parameters determine capacitance is limited. In this study, we measured sapwood capacitance (C) in terminal branches and roots of five temperate tree species (Fagus sylvatica L., Picea abies L., Quercus robur L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Tilia cordata Mill.). Capacitance was calculated separately for water released mainly from capillary (CI; open vessels, tracheids, fibres, intercellular spaces and cracks) and elastic storage compartments (CII; living parenchyma cells), corresponding to two distinct phases of the moisture release curve. We found that C was generally higher in roots than branches, with CI being 3-11 times higher than CII Sapwood density and the ratio of dead to living xylem cells were most closely correlated with C In addition, the magnitude of CI was strongly correlated with fibre/tracheid lumen area, whereas CII was highly dependent on the thickness of axial parenchyma cell walls. Our results indicate that water released from capillary compartments predominates over water released from elastic storage in both branches and roots, suggesting the limited importance of parenchyma cells for water storage in juvenile xylem of temperate tree species. Contrary to intact organs, water released from open conduits in our small wood samples significantly increased CI at relatively high water potentials. Linking anatomical parameters with the hydraulic capacitance of a tissue contributes to a better understanding of water release mechanisms and their implications for plant hydraulics.

• MeSH
• dřevo anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• stromy anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• voda metabolismus   MeSH
• xylém metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The southern African Oxalis radiation is extremely morphologically variable. Despite recent progress in the phylogenetics of the genus, there are few morphological synapomorphies supporting DNA-based clades. Leaflet anatomy can provide an understudied and potentially valuable source of information on the evolutionary history and systematics of this lineage. Fifty-nine leaflet anatomical traits of 109 southern African Oxalis species were assessed in search of phylogenetically significant characters that delineate clades. RESULTS: A combination of 6 leaflet anatomical traits (stomatal position, adaxial epidermal cells, abaxial epidermal cells, mesophyll, sheath around vascular tissue, degree of leaflet conduplication) clearly support various clades defined by previous DNA-based phylogenetic work. Other, mostly continuous leaflet anatomical traits were highly variable and showed less phylogenetic pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Major and unexpected findings include the transition from ancestral hypostomatic leaflets to adaxially-located stomata in the vast majority of southern African Oxalis, the loss of semi-swollen AB epidermal cells and the gain of swollen adaxial and abaxial epidermal cells in selected clades, and multiple changes from ancestral bifacial mesophyll to isobilateral or homogenous mesophyll types. The information gathered in this study will aid in the taxonomic revision of this speciose member of the Greater Cape Floristic Region and provide a basis for future hypotheses regarding its radiation.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• cévní svazky rostlin cytologie   MeSH
• duplikace genu MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• kvantitativní znak dědičný MeSH
• listy rostlin anatomie a histologie   cytologie   genetika   MeSH
• mezofylové buňky cytologie   MeSH
• Oxalidaceae anatomie a histologie   genetika   MeSH
• průduchy rostlin cytologie   MeSH
• trichomy cytologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: Studies have shown that bracing is an effective treatment for patients with idiopathic scoliosis. According to the current classification, almost all braces fall in the thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) category. Consequently, the generalization of scientific results is either impossible or misleading. This study aims to produce a classification of the brace types. METHODS: Four scientific societies (SOSORT, SRS, ISPO, and POSNA) invited all their members to be part of the study. Six level 1 experts developed the initial classifications. At a consensus meeting with 26 other experts and societies' officials, thematic analysis and general discussion allowed to define the classification (minimum 80% agreement). The classification was applied to the braces published in the literature and officially approved by the 4 scientific societies and by ESPRM. RESULTS: The classification is based on the following classificatory items: anatomy (CTLSO, TLSO, LSO), rigidity (very rigid, rigid, elastic), primary corrective plane (frontal, sagittal, transverse, frontal & sagittal, frontal & transverse, sagittal & transverse, three-dimensional), construction-valves (monocot, bivalve, multisegmented), construction-closure (dorsal, lateral, ventral), and primary action (bending, detorsion, elongation, movement, push-up, three points). The experts developed a definition for each item and were able to classify the 15 published braces into nine groups. CONCLUSION: The classification is based on the best current expertise (the lowest level of evidence). Experts recognize that this is the first edition and will change with future understanding and research. The broad application of this classification could have value for brace research, education, clinical practice, and growth in this field.

• MeSH
• konsensus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protetické prostředky MeSH
• skolióza * terapie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• výztuhy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

INTRODUCTION: In this study we detail the effect of different fixation agents and the duration of storage has on the immunohistochemical staining positivity of samples of archival embryonic and fetal tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples were stained by indirect two-step immunohistochemistry (IHC) method for Ki-67, cyclin A and β-actin. RESULTS: Irrespective of the length of tissue archiving, tissue fixation with 10% neutral buffered formalin had better IHC intensity results in all cases when compared to methacarn-fixed tissues. In the case of β-actin, this difference was statistically significant, while differences in Ki-67 and cyclin A were not. The second aspect studied was which effect tissue block archiving duration has on the IHC reactivity. We demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in IHC positivity for all studied antigens between the samples that were archived for 10-19 or 20-45 years, regardless the fixative solution. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, the influence that the duration of tissue block archiving has on IHC positivity in human embryo and fetal tissue material has not yet been studied. Although the causes of the IHC positivity decline in archived tissue blocks are not well understood, a possible decrease in IHC over time should be considered, particularly in retrospective studies.

• MeSH
• aktiny analýza   MeSH
• antigen Ki-67 analýza   MeSH
• barvení a značení normy   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chloroform MeSH
• cyklin A analýza   MeSH
• fixace tkání metody   MeSH
• fixativa MeSH
• formaldehyd MeSH
• gestační stáří MeSH
• imunohistochemie normy   MeSH
• játra embryologie   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• kyselina octová MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methanol MeSH
• myši MeSH
• placenta embryologie   MeSH
• střeva embryologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Ion-mediated changes in hydraulic conductivity (ΔKh) represent a mechanism allowing plants to regulate the rate of xylem transport. However, the significance of ΔKh for ring-porous (RPS) and diffuse-porous tree species (DPS) remains unknown. Here, we examined ΔKh in young branches of three coexisting, temperate RPS (Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur, Robinia pseudoacacia) and three DPS (Acer pseudoplatanus, Carpinus betulus, Fagus sylvatica) across the whole year, and assessed the relationships of ΔKh to branch anatomy. Ring-porous species exhibited twice as high ΔKh (10.3% vs 5.3%) within the growing season (i.e., during wood production) compared with DPS, and the production of the annual ring was identified as a crucial process affecting maximum ΔKh within the season. In addition, xylem in branches of RPS generally contained more axial parenchyma (AP; 18% vs 7%) and was characterized by a greater relative contact fraction between vessels and parenchyma (FVP; 59% vs 18%) than xylem in DPS. Simultaneously, ΔKh measured within the growing season was positively correlated with AP, FVP and bark proportions, suggesting that parenchyma in branches may be important for high ΔKh. Significant increase in ΔKh observed during the growing season may help RPS to restore conductive capacity after winter, better compensate transport loss by drought-induced embolism and thereby improve water delivery to leaves.

• MeSH
• poréznost MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• stromy * MeSH
• voda * MeSH
• xylém MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• otorinolaryngologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• periodika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• otorinolaryngologie