Fructobacillus, a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacterium, belongs to the fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) group. The group's name originates from fructose, the favored carbon source for its members. Fructobacillus spp. are noteworthy for their distinctive traits, captivating the interest of scientists. However, there have been relatively few publications regarding the isolation and potential utilization of these microorganisms in the industry. In recent years, F. tropaeoli has garnered interest for its promising role in the food and pharmaceutical sectors, although the availability of isolates is rather limited. A more comprehensive understanding of Fructobacillus is imperative to evaluate their functionality in the industry, given their unique and exceptional properties. Our in vitro study on Fructobacillus tropaeoli KKP 3032 confirmed its fructophilic nature and high osmotolerance. This strain thrives in a 30% sugar concentration, shows resistance to low pH and bile salts, and exhibits robust autoaggregation. Additionally, it displays significant antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens. Evaluating its probiotic potential, it aligns with EFSA recommendations in antibiotic resistance, except for kanamycin, to which it is resistant. Further research is necessary, but preliminary analyses confirm the high probiotic potential of F. tropaeoli KKP 3032 and its ability to thrive in the presence of high concentrations of fructose. The results indicate that the isolate F. tropaeoli KKP 3032 could potentially be used in the future as a fructophilic probiotic, protective culture, and/or active ingredient in fructose-rich food.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• fruktosa metabolismus   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• ovocné a zeleninové šťávy * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• pomerančovník čínský mikrobiologie   chemie   MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
• probiotika * izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a worldwide health problem, affecting cardiovascular and mental health. People with MetS are often suffering from depression. We used hereditary hypertriacylglycerolemic (HTG) rats as an animal model of MetS, and these were fed a high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFFD) to imitate unhealthy eating habits of people having several MetS risk factors and suffering depression. Male HTG rats were fed a standard diet (HTG-SD) or HFFD for eight weeks (HFFD8). Venlafaxine was administered for the last three weeks of the experiment (HFFD8+VE). Heart function was observed on the level of intact organisms (standard ECG in vivo), isolated hearts (perfusion according to Langendorff ex vivo), and molecular level, using the RT-PCR technique. The function of the isolated perfused heart was monitored under baseline and ischemia/reperfusion conditions. Analysis of ECG showed electrical abnormalities in vivo, such as significant QRS complex prolongation and increased heart rate. Ex vivo venlafaxine significantly reduced QT interval after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Baseline values of contractile abilities of the heart tended to be suppressed by HFFD. A significant reduction of LVDP was present in the HFFD8 group. Molecular analysis of specific genes involved in cardiac electrical (Cacna1c, Scn5a), contractile (Myh6, Myh7), metabolic function (Pgc1alpha) and calcium handling (Serca2a, Ryr2) supported some of the functional findings in vivo and ex vivo. Based on the present effect of venlafaxine on heart function, further research is needed regarding its cardiometabolic safety in the treatment of patients with MetS suffering from depression. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Venlafaxine, ECG, Cardiac contraction, Ischemia/Reperfusion.

• MeSH
• dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fruktosa * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• metabolický syndrom genetika   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• venlafaxin hydrochlorid * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Syndrom Dravetové je závažnou vývojovou a epileptickou encefalopatií se začátkem v kojeneckém věku, která se projevuje farmakorezistentní epilepsií a četnými komorbiditami. Typická je provokace záchvatů zvýšenou teplotou. Léčba onemocnění je obtížná. V chronické medikaci by měl být první volbou valproát, dalšími přidanými léky klobazam, stiripentol, fenfluramin, kanabidiol, topiramát. Pacienti musí být vybaveni SOS medikací pro zvládnutí záchvatů v domácím prostředí. V léčbě je nutné se vyhnout blokátorům sodíkových kanálů, aplikace fenytoinu v epileptickém statu je však přípustná. Kromě protizáchvatové léčby je nutné věnovat pozornost i nefarmakologické léčbě komorbidit.

Dravet syndrome is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy starting in infancy and its main features are drug -resistant epilepsy and several co-morbidities. Seizures are typically provoked by increased temperature. The treatment of Dravet syndrome is challenging. The first antiseizure drug should be valproic acid, while clobazam, stiripentol, fenfluramine, canabidiol or topiramate are usually added later. All the patients must have rescue medication for home management of seizures. Sodium channel blockers should not be used for chronic treatment, but phenytoin can be administered to stop status epilepticus. Non-pharmacological treatment of co-morbidities should be addressed as well.

• Klíčová slova
• stiripentol, fenfluramin,
• MeSH
• dioxolany aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• epilepsie myoklonické * farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• kanabidiol aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klobazam aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• kyselina valproová aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• topiramat aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Background/Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing global health problem closely linked to dietary habits, particularly high fructose consumption. This study investigates the combined effects of fructose and common food preservatives (sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite, and potassium sorbate) on the development and progression of MASLD. Methods: We utilized a human microbiota-associated mouse model, administering 10% fructose with or without preservatives for 11 weeks. Liver histology, hepatic gene expression (microarray analysis), biochemical markers, cytokine profiles, intestinal permeability, and gut microbiome composition (16S rRNA and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing) were evaluated. Results: Fructose and potassium sorbate synergistically induced liver pathology characterized by increased steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. These histological changes were associated with elevated liver function markers and altered lipid profiles. The treatments also induced significant changes in both the bacterial and fungal communities and disrupted intestinal barrier function, leading to increased pro-inflammatory responses in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Liver gene expression analysis revealed a wide range of transcriptional changes induced by fructose and modulated by the preservative. Key genes involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses were affected. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the complex interactions between dietary components, gut microbiota, and host metabolism in the development of MASLD. The study identifies potential risks associated with the combined consumption of fructose and preservatives, particularly potassium sorbate. Our data reveal new mechanisms that are involved in the development of MASLD and open up a new avenue for the prevention and treatment of MASLD through dietary interventions and the modulation of the microbiome.

• MeSH
• exprese genu účinky léků   MeSH
• fruktosa * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• játra * metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• kyselina sorbová farmakologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• potravinářské konzervační látky * farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * účinky léků   MeSH
• synergismus léků MeSH
• ztučnělá játra MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Long-lasting disturbances in lipid and glucose metabolism present in metabolic syndrome (MetS) lead to serious cardiovascular diseases. The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of natural antioxidant vitamin E (VitE, 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) on basal biochemical and physiological parameters characterizing MetS and on the changed function of the heart. Furthermore, the possible potentiation of VitE effect by synthetic pyridoindole antioxidant SMe1EC2 (SMe, 15 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was also tested. MetS was induced in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats (HTG) by the 5 weeks administration of high-fat fructose diet (HFFD: 1 % cholesterol, 7.5 % pork lard, 10 % fructose). The heart function was tested using Langendorff preparation under constant pressure. The functional parameters of isolated heart, dysrhythmias and evoked fibrillations were evaluated in conditions of ischemia-reperfusion. The HFFD increased body weight gain and serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and blood glucose. The HFFD significantly increased heart flow and force of contraction, compared to standard diet (SD). During the reperfusion, the HFFD caused the increase of the ventricular premature beats number at the expense of decreasing the duration of serious dysrhythmias (ventricular tachycardias and fibrillations). The addition of VitE, SMe or their combination to the HFFD decreased body weight gain, depressed blood pressure, improved particular biochemical parameters. The combination of VitE and SMe suppressed the occurrence of serious dysrhythmias. Our data indicate that the HFFD-related disturbances led to alterations within pathophysiology in HTG rats. The results showed that a combination of antioxidants might have the potential to amend disorders accompanying MetS.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   MeSH
• dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků MeSH
• fruktosa MeSH
• hmotnostní přírůstek MeSH
• krevní glukóza metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• metabolický syndrom * komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background: Overconsumption of fructose may cause metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS pathogenesis is caused by oxidative stress, cellular malfunction, and systemic inflammation caused by hereditary and environmental factors. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has become associated with the phrase "antioxidant." Most researchers use and test NAC with the goal of preventing or reducing oxidative stress.Aim: To determine the positive effects of NAC on blood glucose, lipid profile, and body weight in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in albino rats.Materials and Methods: Forty male albino rats, 10-12 weeks old, were haphazardly divided into five groups of identical size. Group I (negative control) received tap water for 12 weeks. Group II (positive control) received a 60% w/w fructose solution (60% FS) instead of tap water for 12 weeks. Group III (NAC) received tap water and an intra-peritoneal (IP) injection of NAC (150 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Group IV (protection) co-administered 60% FS orally and NAC IP injection (150 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Group V (treatment) received 60% FS for 8 weeks followed by 4 weeks of drinking tap water with NAC IP injection (150 mg/kg/day). Blood samples were taken at weeks 0, 8, and 12 and were tested for serum glucose and lipid profile. All animals of each group were weighted at weeks 0, 8 and 12 of the study.Results: Concerning serum glucose, group II showed increased glycaemia at week 8 and further elevation during week 12. Group III displayed normal glycaemia at weeks 8 and 12. In group IV, glycaemia showed elevation at week 8 followed by almost complete restoration at week 12. In group V, there was an increased glycaemia at week 8 followed by a partial restoration at week 12. Regarding lipid profile parameters, group II demonstrated a deterioration during week 8 and more worsening during week 12. There were no significant changes in group III's parameters during weeks 8 and 12. Group IV displayed a worsening in lipid profile during week 8 followed by a nearly complete improvement during week 12. During week 8, group V deteriorated, followed by a partial recovery during week 12. Concerning body weight, group II showed a weight gain at week 8 and further elevation during week 12. Group III displayed normal glycaemia at weeks 8 and 12. In group IV, glycaemia showed elevation at week 8 followed by almost complete restoration at week 12. In group V, there was an increased glycaemia at week 8 followed by a partial restoration at week 12. At week 8, there was a significant elevation in body weights in groups II and V compared to group I. Moreover, a significant reduction in body weight was recorded in group IV compared to group II during week 8. At week 12, a significant elevation in body weight was noticed in groups II and V compared to group I. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in body weight in group III compared to group I. On the other hand, there was a significant fall in body weight in groups IV and V compared to group II during week 12.Conclusion: MetS was caused by a high-fructose diet, which has been shown to have a negative impact on serum glucose, lipid profiles, and body weight. Moreover, NAC has been shown to enhance these parameters in a time-dependent manner.

• MeSH
• acetylcystein * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• fruktosa aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• krevní glukóza účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• metabolický syndrom * chemicky indukované   farmakoterapie   krev   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost účinky léků   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH

• MeSH
• diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
• hemisferektomie metody   MeSH
• levetiracetam terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myoklonus diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• periventrikulární leukomalacie diagnostické zobrazování   diagnóza   MeSH
• refrakterní epilepsie * chirurgie   diagnóza   MeSH
• topiramat terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• deprese etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• epilepsie * komplikace   psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• kognitivně behaviorální terapie * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• panická porucha etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• topiramat terapeutické užití   MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy etiologie   klasifikace   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Profylaktickou léčbu nasazujeme s cílem snížení frekvence, trvání a tíže záchvatů migrény. Terapie je zahajována zpravidla antiepileptiky nebo betablokátory, dále podle přítomnosti dalších onemocnění, například psychiatrických, rizik nežádoucích účinků (NÚ) a daných kontraindikací. V příspěvku jsou formou kazuistik probrány nejčastější chyby při výběru profylaktika vzhledem ke komorbiditám, při načasování a délce terapie.

Prophylactic treatment is administered in order to reduce the frequency, duration, and severity of migraine attacks. The treatment is typically initiated with antiepileptic drugs or beta blockers; it is further based on the presence of other conditions, for example psychiatric ones, risks of adverse effects, and contraindications, if any. The article uses case reports to discuss the most common errors in choosing a prophylactic agent with respect to comorbidities, the timing and duration of the treatment.

• Klíčová slova
• profylaxe,
• MeSH
• antidepresiva farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• beta blokátory farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• medikační omyly MeSH
• migréna * farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• topiramat farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

AIMS: The Norwegian Association for Clinical Pharmacology in their National Guidelines decreased the therapeutic range (TR) of topiramate (TPM) from 5-20 mg/L to 2-10 mg/L. The objective of this study is to ascertain which TR produces better clinical outcomes. METHODS: The data sources were request forms for routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of TPM. Concentration dependent adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were evaluated in 1721 samples taken pre-dose. Seizure frequency analysis was performed in 294 samples of monotherapy. Statistical analysis was performed using Prism 5.0, GraphPad Instatt: One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for median plasma level (PL) and χ2 -test with Bonferroni correction for seizure frequency and for distribution of PL according to TR 5-20 mg/L and intervals <2, 2-5, 5-10, 10-20, >20 mg/L. RESULTS: Better seizure control was found in children both in the whole cohort (without seizure 49% vs 37% adults), as well as in monotherapy (56% vs 44%), in children with PL 5-20 mg/L vs <5 mg/L (65% vs 44%) and in children with PL 5-10 mg/L vs <2 mg/L (63 vs 14%). PL in seizure-free patients did not differ from those with seizure. Seizure control was poorer in the period 2003-2005 compared to 2006-2011. ADRs reported in 38 samples (2.8%) were not related to PL. CONCLUSIONS: Change of TR is not recommended.

• MeSH
• antikonvulziva škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epilepsie * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• fruktosa škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nežádoucí účinky léčiv * MeSH
• topiramat škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• záchvaty chemicky indukované   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH