This study evaluated the effects of dietary methionine level and rearing water temperature on growth, antioxidant capacity, methionine metabolism, and hepatocyte autophagy in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). A factorial design was used with six methionine levels [0.64, 0.85, 1.11, 1.33, 1.58, and 1.76%] and two temperatures [moderate temperature (MT): 27 °C, and high temperature (HT): 33 °C]. The results revealed the significant effects of both dietary methionine level and water temperature on weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE), and their interaction effect was found on WG (P < 0.05). In both water temperatures tested, fish WG increased with increasing methionine level up to 1.11% and decreased thereafter. The groups of fish reared at MT exhibited dramatically higher WG and FE than those kept at HT while an opposite trend was observed for feed intake. Liver antioxidant indices including reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, and catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities remarkably increased in the HT group compared to the MT group. Moreover, the lowest MDA concentration and the highest SOD activity were recorded at methionine levels between 1.11% and 0.85%, respectively, regardless of water temperatures. Expression of methionine metabolism-related key enzyme genes (mat2b, cbs, ms, and bhmt) in the liver was increased at moderate methionine levels, and higher expression levels were detected at MT compared to HT with the exception of ms gene relative expression. Relative expression of hepatocyte autophagy-related genes (pink1, atg5, mul1, foxo3) and hsp70 was upregulated by increasing methionine level up to a certain level and decreased thereafter and increasing water temperature led to significantly enhanced expression of hsp70. In summary, HT induced heat stress and reduced fish growth, and an appropriate dietary methionine level improved the antioxidant capacity and stress resistance of fish. A second-order polynomial regression analysis based on the WG suggested that the optimal dietary methionine level for maximum growth of spotted seabass is 1.22% of the diet at 27 °C and 1.26% of the diet at 33 °C, then 1.37 g and 1.68 g dietary methionine intake is required for 100 g weight gain at 27 °C or 33 °C, respectively.
BACKGROUND: An inverse relationship between vitamin D supplementation and C-reactive protein (CRP) and hypertension has been reported, mostly through observational data. This inverse relationship, however, has not been confirmed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A meta-analysis of RCTs is needed to provide more robust evidence. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review of RCTs was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on CRP, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus) were systemically searched to identify relevant RCTs published in international scientific journals up to January 2023. Changes from baseline and SDs of CRP, SBP, and DBP were compared between postmenopausal women who received vitamin D supplementation and those who did not (controls). These parameters were applied to compute the overall effect sizes using the random-effects model. Data were summarized as mean difference (MD) with 95% CI. Heterogeneity among arms was scrutinized using the Cochrane's Q test and I2 statistic. Publication bias was judged by means of funnel plots and Egger's test. RESULTS: Seven studies with 6 arms on CRP, 6 arms on SBP, and 6 arms on DBP were included in the meta-analysis. Combined effect sizes suggested a significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on CRP (MD = -0.65 mg/L; 95% CI -0.93 to -0.37 mg/L; P < .001). In addition, CRP concentrations were significantly reduced after vitamin D supplementation in studies with a duration of more than 3 months (MD = -0.91 mg/L; 95% CI -1.37 to -0.45 mg/L; P < .001) and studies involving doses of ≤1,000 IU/d (MD = -2.10 mg/L; 95% CI -2.51 to -1.68 mg/L; P < .001). Vitamin D supplementation did not reduce SBP significantly (MD = -1.06 mm Hg; 95% CI -2.43 to 0.30 mm Hg; P = .127) and DBP (MD = 0.003 mm Hg; 95% CI -0.86 to 0.86 mm Hg; P = .994) levels compared with control groups. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis concluded that vitamin D supplementation is associated with reduced CRP concentrations among postmenopausal women.
ChatGPT is a chatbot that is based on the generative pretrained transformer architecture as an artificial inteligence-based large language model. Its widespread use in healthcare practice, research, and education seems to be (increasingly) inevitable. Also considering the relevant limitations regarding privacy, ethics, bias, legal, and validity, in this article, its use as a supplement (for sure not as a substitute for physicians) is discussed in light of the recent literature. Particularly, the "opinion" of ChatGPT about how it can help/harm physiatry is exemplified.
- MeSH
- fyziatrie * MeSH
- jazyk (prostředek komunikace) MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- stupeň vzdělání MeSH
- umělá inteligence * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Prepregnancy optimization of cardiovascular function may reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia. We aimed to assess the feasibility and effect of preconception cardiovascular monitoring, exercise, and beetroot juice on cardiovascular parameters in women planning to conceive. DESIGN AND METHOD: Prospective single-site, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Thirty-two women, aged 18-45 years, were allocated into one of four arms (1 : 1 : 1 : 1): exercise, beetroot juice, exercise plus beetroot juice and no intervention for 12 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at home daily. Cardiac output ( CO ) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were assessed via bio-impedance. RESULTS: Twenty-nine out of 32 (91%) participants completed the study. Adherence to daily BP and weight measurements were 81% and 78%, respectively ( n = 29). Eight out of 15 (53%) of participants did not drink all the provided beetroot juice because of forgetfulness and taste. After 12 weeks, exercise was associated with a reduction in standing TPR (-278 ± 0.272 dynes s cm -5 , P < 0.05), and an increase in standing CO (+0.88 ± 0.71 l/min, P < 0.05). Exercise and beetroot juice together was associated with a reduction in standing DBP ( 7 ± 6 mmHg, P < 0.05), and an increase in standing CO (+0.49 ± 0.66 l/min, P < 0.05). The control group showed a reduction in standing TPR ( 313 ± 387 dynes s cm -5 ) and standing DBP ( 8 ± 5mmHg). All groups gained weight. CONCLUSION: Exercise and beetroot juice in combination showed a signal towards improving cardiovascular parameters. The control group showed improvements, indicating that home measurement devices and regular recording of parameters are interventions in themselves. Nevertheless, interventions before pregnancy to improve cardiovascular parameters may alter the occurrence of hypertensive conditions during pregnancy and require further investigation in adequately powered studies.
- MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- dusičnany * MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- hypertenze * MeSH
- krevní tlak MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
[News in geriatric medicine - what's new in dementia?]
Stárnutí populace dramaticky a zásadním způsobem mění svět. Současná geriatrie má intervenčně preventivní charakter a snaží se o co nejdelší uchování fyzického a duševního zdraví, odvrácení ztráty soběstačnosti a zlepšení prognózy seniorů se zaměřením na kvalitu života. Mezi závažné problémy, kterým se věnuje geriatrie, patří problematika demencí. Diagnóza demence ovlivňuje nejen kvalitu života jednotlivců, ale také představuje obrovskou sociální a ekonomickou zátěž pro rodiny, zdravotní systémy a společnost. Se stárnutím populace se demence stala důležitým problémem našeho zdravotnictví a existuje naléhavá potřeba najít účinnou léčbu.
Population aging is changing the world dramatically and fundamentally. Contemporary geriatrics has an interventional and preventive nature and strives to preserve physical and mental health for as long as possible, prevent loss of self-sufficiency and improve the prognosis of seniors with a focus on quality of life. Dementia is a serious problem that geriatrics deals with. The diagnosis of dementia not only affects the quality of life of individuals, but also represents a huge social and economic burden for the family, health systems and society. With the aging of the population, dementia has become an important problem in our health care and there is an urgent need to find an effective treatment.
- Klíčová slova
- donanemab,
- MeSH
- biologická terapie MeSH
- biologické přípravky terapeutické užití MeSH
- demence * terapie MeSH
- fototerapie metody MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyselina listová terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- probiotika terapeutické užití MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- antiinfekční látky lokální terapeutické užití MeSH
- bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie MeSH
- biofilmy MeSH
- fotochemoterapie metody MeSH
- laserová terapie metody MeSH
- lasery polovodičové terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mukozitida * terapie MeSH
- periimplantitida * terapie MeSH
- probiotika terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has garnered unprecedented global attention. It caused over 2.47 million deaths through various syndromes such as acute respiratory distress, hypercoagulability, and multiple organ failure. The viral invasion proceeds through the ACE2 receptor, expressed in multiple cell types, and in some patients caused serious damage to tissues, organs, immune cells, and the microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Some patients who survived the SARS-CoV-2 infection have developed months of persistent long-COVID-19 symptoms or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Diagnosis of these patients has revealed multiple biological effects, none of which are mutually exclusive. However, the severity of COVID-19 also depends on numerous comorbidities such as obesity, age, diabetes, and hypertension and care must be taken with respect to other multiple morbidities, such as host immunity. Gut microbiota in relation to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology is considered to evolve COVID-19 progression via mechanisms of biochemical metabolism, exacerbation of inflammation, intestinal mucosal secretion, cytokine storm, and immunity regulation. Therefore, modulation of gut microbiome equilibrium through food supplements and probiotics remains a hot topic of current research and debate. In this review, we discuss the biological complications of the physio-pathological effects of COVID-19 infection, GIT immune response, and therapeutic pharmacological strategies. We also summarize the therapeutic targets of probiotics, their limitations, and the efficacy of preclinical and clinical drugs to effectively inhibit the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * imunologie komplikace terapie MeSH
- dysbióza * MeSH
- farmakoterapie COVID-19 MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- postakutní syndrom COVID-19 MeSH
- probiotika terapeutické užití MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Since many acutely admitted older adults display signs of dehydration, treatment using balanced crystalloids is an important part of medical care. Additionally, many of these patients suffer from chronic malnutrition. We speculated that the early addition of glucose might ameliorate the hospital-related drop of caloric intake and modify their catabolic status. METHODS: We included patients 78 years and older, admitted acutely for non-traumatic illnesses. The patients were randomized into either receiving balanced crystalloid (PlasmaLyte; group P) or balanced crystalloid enriched with 100 g of glucose per liter (group G). The information about fluid balance and levels of minerals were collected longitudinally. RESULTS: In the G group, a significantly higher proportion of patients developed signs of refeeding syndrome, i.e., drops in phosphates, potassium and/or magnesium when compared to group P (83.3 vs. 16.7%, p < 0.01). The drop in phosphate levels was the most pronounced. The urinalysis showed no differences in the levels of these minerals in the urine, suggesting their uptake into the cells. There were no differences in the in-hospital mortality or in the 1-year mortality. CONCLUSION: The short-term administration of balanced crystalloids with glucose induced an anabolic shift of electrolytes in acutely admitted older adults.
- MeSH
- dehydratace terapie MeSH
- glukosa * metabolismus aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- krystaloidní roztoky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita v nemocnicích MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- realimentační syndrom prevence a kontrola MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tekutinová terapie * metody MeSH
- vodní a elektrolytová rovnováha MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Probiotic prophylaxis has been suggested to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) in very preterm newborns. However, choosing the optimal probiotic is difficult due to variations in strain-specific effects and interactions facilitated by the use of combination species. AIMS: To compare clinical outcomes of very preterm infants receiving multi or single-species probiotics. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, single-center, cohort study. SUBJECTS: Very preterm infants (<32 weeks' gestation) born between 2019 and 2022 at a tertiary perinatal center received either a multi-species (Lactobacillus rhamnosus 45 %, Lactobacillus casei 15 %, Lactobacillus acidophilus 15 %, Bifidobacterium infantis 15 %, Bifidobacterium bifidum 10 %; n = 228) or a single-species (Bifidobacterium breve BR03 and B632; n = 227) probiotic formulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: NEC, LOS, and mortality. RESULTS: The overall incidence of NEC and LOS was 3.1 % and 13.8 %, respectively. There were no differences between the multi-species and single-species probiotic groups in the rate of NEC (3.5 % vs 2.6 %; p = 0.787), LOS (15.4 % vs 12.3 %; p = 0.416), mortality (0.9 % vs 1.8 %; p = 0.449), or composite outcome (NEC, LOS and/or death; 16.7 % vs 12.8 %; p = 0.290). CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes of very preterm newborns receiving multi vs. single-species probiotic formulations were similar in our study. In view of the sample size and low baseline rate of NEC in our unit, further trials are warranted to investigate the effects of specific probiotics for prevention of serious neonatal morbidities.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nekrotizující enterokolitida * prevence a kontrola epidemiologie MeSH
- nemoci nedonošenců prevence a kontrola epidemiologie MeSH
- novorozenec nedonošený * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- probiotika * terapeutické užití MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- sepse prevence a kontrola epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The available evidence on vitamin K status in cystic fibrosis (CF) is scarce, lacking data on vitamin K2 (menaquinones-MK). Therefore, we assessed vitamin K1, MK-4 and MK-7 concentrations (LC-MS/MS) in 63 pancreatic insufficient and modulator naïve CF patients, and compared to 61 healthy subjects (HS). Vitamin K1 levels did not differ between studied groups. MK-4 concentrations were higher (median <1st-3rd quartile>: 0.778 <0.589-1.086> vs. 0.349 <0.256-0.469>, p < 0.0001) and MK-7 levels lower (0.150 <0.094-0.259> vs. 0.231 <0.191-0.315>, p = 0.0007) in CF patients than in HS. MK-7 concentrations were higher in CF patients receiving K1 and MK-7 supplementation than in those receiving vitamin K1 alone or no supplementation. Moreover, vitamin K1 concentrations depended on the supplementation regime. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, we have found that MK-7 supplementation dose has been the only predictive factor for MK-7 levels. In conclusion, vitamin K1 levels in CF are low if not currently supplemented. MK-4 concentrations in CF patients supplemented with large doses of vitamin K1 are higher than in HS. MK-7 levels in CF subjects not receiving MK-7 supplementation, with no regard to vitamin K1 supplementation, are low. There do not seem to be any good clinical predictive factors for vitamin K status.
- MeSH
- cystická fibróza * krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu K krev MeSH
- nutriční stav MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- protrombin * analýza MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- vitamin K 1 * aplikace a dávkování krev MeSH
- vitamin K 2 * krev analogy a deriváty MeSH
- vitamin K krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
