Periodontitis and dental caries are two major bacterially induced, non-communicable diseases that cause the deterioration of oral health, with implications in patients' general health. Early, precise diagnosis and personalized monitoring are essential for the efficient prevention and management of these diseases. Here, we present a disk-shaped microfluidic platform (OralDisk) compatible with chair-side use that enables analysis of non-invasively collected whole saliva samples and molecular-based detection of ten bacteria: seven periodontitis-associated (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola) and three caries-associated (oral Lactobacilli, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus). Each OralDisk test required 400 μL of homogenized whole saliva. The automated workflow included bacterial DNA extraction, purification and hydrolysis probe real-time PCR detection of the target pathogens. All reagents were pre-stored within the disk and sample-to-answer processing took < 3 h using a compact, customized processing device. A technical feasibility study (25 OralDisks) was conducted using samples from healthy, periodontitis and caries patients. The comparison of the OralDisk with a lab-based reference method revealed a ~90% agreement amongst targets detected as positive and negative. This shows the OralDisk's potential and suitability for inclusion in larger prospective implementation studies in dental care settings.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrofluidní analytické techniky * MeSH
- orální zdraví * MeSH
- parodontitida * diagnóza MeSH
- sliny mikrobiologie MeSH
- zubní kaz * diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Recent studies show that the salivary microbiome in subjects with obesity differ from those without obesity, but the mechanism of interaction between the salivary microbiome composition and body weight is unclear. Herein we investigate this relation by analyzing saliva samples from 35 adult patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. Our aim was to describe salivary microbiome changes during body weight loss on an individual-specific level, and to elucidate the effect of bariatric surgery on the salivary microbiome which has not been studied before. Analysis of samples collected before and 1 day after surgery, as well as 3 and 12 months after surgery, showed that the salivary microbiome changed in all study participants, but these changes were heterogeneous. In the majority of participants proportions of Gemella species, Granulicatella elegans, Porphyromonas pasteri, Prevotella nanceiensis and Streptococcus oralis decreased, while Veillonella species, Megasphaera micronuciformis and Prevotella saliva increased. Nevertheless, we found participants deviating from this general trend which suggests that a variety of individual-specific factors influence the salivary microbiome composition more effectively than the body weight dynamics alone. The observed microbiome alternations could be related to dietary changes. Therefore, further studies should focus on association with altered taste preferences and potential oral health consequences.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- bariatrická chirurgie metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metagenom * MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- obezita chirurgie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S analýza MeSH
- sliny mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This prospective study monitored the dental status, the presence of plaque, and cariogenic microorganism levels of identical children over three years. The aim was to determine the dynamics of caries increment as well as the relationship between risk factors and caries prevalence. A total number of 125 children (72 boys and 53 girls) was included in the study, with an average age of 3.95 ± 0.06 years at the baseline. During the clinical examination at the nursery schools, the presence of dental plaque was recorded, and saliva samples were collected from the tongue of children for the DentoCult SM test providing easy detection of mutans streptococci from saliva samples. At baseline, 65.6% of the children had no caries, 4% had restored teeth with fillings or crowns or missing teeth due to caries, and 30.4% had at least one untreated caries. The percentages of intact teeth, restored or missing teeth, and untreated caries were 52.8%, 8.8%, 38.4% in the second year and 49.1%, 13.8%, and 31.1% in the third year. The dmft index value was 1.41 ± 0.24 in the first year, 2.29 ± 0.30 in the second year, and 2.33 ± 0.31 in the third year. There was a significant correlation between plaque presence and dt and dmft values (p < 0.05; the statistical analyses were performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). This 3-year longitudinal study highlighted the importance of examining both the oral hygiene and the level of cariogenic microorganisms when undertaking the evaluation of caries risk evaluation in preschool children.
- MeSH
- DMF Index MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- orální hygiena statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sliny mikrobiologie MeSH
- trvalá zubní náhrada statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zubní kaz epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- zubní plak mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is an important zoonotic parasitic disease, endemic in the Mediterranean basin. In this region, transmission of Leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of CanL, is through the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. Therefore, monitoring host-vector contact represents an important epidemiological tool, and could be used to assess the effectiveness of vector-control programmes in endemic areas. Previous studies have shown that canine antibodies against the saliva of phlebotomine sand flies are specific markers of exposure to Leishmania vectors. However, this method needs to be further validated in natural heterogeneous dog populations living in CanL endemic areas. METHODS: In this study, 176 dogs living in 12 different locations of an L. infantum endemic area in north-east Spain were followed for 14 months. Blood samples were taken at 5 pre-determined time points (February, August and October 2016; January and April 2017) to assess the canine humoral immune response to whole salivary gland homogenate (SGH) and to the single salivary 43 kDa yellow-related recombinant protein (rSP03B) of Phlebotomus perniciosus, a proven vector of L. infantum naturally present in this region. Simultaneously, in all dogs, L. infantum infection status was assessed by serology. The relationship between anti-SGH and anti-rSP03B antibodies with the sampling month, L. infantum infection and the location was tested by fitting multilevel linear regression models. RESULTS: The dynamics of canine anti-saliva IgG for both SGH and rSP03B followed the expected trends of P. perniciosus activity in the region. Statistically significant associations were detected for both salivary antigens between vector exposure and sampling month or dog seropositivity to L. infantum. The correlation between canine antibodies against SGH and rSP03B was moderate. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the frequent presence of CanL vectors in the study area in Spain and support the applicability of SGH- and rSP03B-based ELISA tests to study canine exposure to P. perniciosus in L. infantum endemic areas.
- MeSH
- endemické nemoci veterinární MeSH
- hmyz - vektory parazitologie MeSH
- humorální imunita MeSH
- imunoglobulin G analýza MeSH
- Leishmania infantum izolace a purifikace MeSH
- leishmanióza krev parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- nemoci psů diagnóza imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- Phlebotomus imunologie MeSH
- protilátky protozoální krev MeSH
- protilátky krev MeSH
- psi imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- slinné proteiny a peptidy imunologie MeSH
- slinné žlázy chemie parazitologie MeSH
- sliny imunologie mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Španělsko MeSH
Nicotine has well-documented effects on the growth and colonization of Streptococcus mutans. This study attempts to investigate the effects of nicotine on pathogenic factors of S. mutans, such as the effect on biofilm formation and viability, expression of pathogenic genes, and metabolites of S. mutans. The results demonstrated that addition of nicotine did not significantly influence the viability of S. mutans cells. The biofilms became increasingly compact as the concentrations of nicotine increased. The expression of virulence genes, such as ldh and phosphotransferase system (PTS)-associated genes, was upregulated, and nlmC was upregulated significantly, while ftf was downregulated. The lactate concentration of S. mutans grown in 1 mg/mL of nicotine was increased up to twofold over either biofilm or planktonic cells grown without nicotine. Changes in the metabolites involved in central carbon metabolism from sucrose indicated that most selected metabolites were detectable and influenced by increased concentrations of nicotine. This study demonstrated that nicotine can influence the pathogenicity of S. mutans and may lead to increased dental caries through the production of more lactate and the upregulation of virulence genes.
- MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- exprese genu účinky léků MeSH
- faktory virulence biosyntéza MeSH
- kyselina mléčná metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolické sítě a dráhy účinky léků MeSH
- mikrobiální viabilita účinky léků MeSH
- nikotin metabolismus MeSH
- sliny mikrobiologie MeSH
- Streptococcus mutans účinky léků patogenita MeSH
- virulence účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Úvod: Streptococcus mutans hraje společně s ostatními faktory významnou úlohu v rozvoji zubního kazu. V rámci prevence zubního kazu je proto snaha nalézt spolehlivý test, který umožní odhadnout riziko jeho vzniku přímo v zubní ordinaci. Přípravek GC Saliva-Check Mutans umožňuje semikvantitativně stanovit klinicky množství těchto bakterií ve slině. Cíl: Cílem naší studie bylo zjistit, zdali pacienti s vyšším obsahem Streptococcus mutans (i.e. pozitivním výsledkem testu GC Saliva-Check Mutans) ve slinách mají vyšší kazivost než pacienti s nižším obsahem Streptococcus mutans. Dále proběhlo srovnání detekce zubního kazu pomocí tří odlišných metod – při klinickém vyšetření, za využití rentgenových snímků a při vyšetření za pomoci intraorální kamery. Materiály a metody: Testovanou skupinu tvořilo 70 pacientů (věk od 16 do 85 let) naší kliniky. U každého pacienta bylo zhotoveno klinické vyšetření a bylo-li to indikováno, i rentgenologické vyšetření (bitewing, ortopantomogram) a zhodnocení intraorální kamerou (DIAGNOcam), aby byly zachyceny i iniciální kazivé léze. Ke stanovení množství bakterií ve slině byl použit komerčně vyráběný set GC Saliva-Check Mutans. Výsledky: Naše studie bezpečně prokázala, že u pacientů s pozitivním výsledkem testu GC Saliva-Check Mutans ve slině byl prokazatelně větší počet zubních kazů (průměrně 5,7 kazů) než u pacientů s negativním výsledkem (průměrně 2,7 kazů). Závěr: Dokázali jsme, že pacienti s vyšším obsahem Streptococcus mutans mají prokazatelně vyšší kazivost. GC Saliva-Check Mutans se ukázal jako vhodný test pro posouzení rizika vzniku zubního kazu. Dále jsme prokázali, že pomocí intraorální kamery lze odhalit větší počet kariézních lézí než pomocí pouhého klinického či rentgenologického vyšetření.
Introduction: Streptococcus mutans along with other factors plays an important role in the development of dental caries. In terms of optimalization of prevention of dental caries, there has been search for a reliable test for a chair side caries risk assessment. GC Saliva-Check Mutans allows us to semiqantitatively assess the amount of bacteria Streptococcus mutans in saliva. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether the patients with high concentration of Streptococcus mutans in saliva (i.e. positive result in Saliva-check mutans) are at higher caries risk than patients with lower concentration of Streptococcus mutans in saliva. Further, we compared three different methods of detection of carious lesions – clinical examination, x-ray and DIAGNOcam. Material and methods: Seventy patients aged 16–85 years were involved in the study. On each patient clinical examination was performed and also radiological (bitewing projection) and using intraoral camera (diagnocam), if indicated, in order to find initial caries lesions. To determine the concentration of Streptococcus mutans in saliva, commercially produced set GC Saliva-Check Mutans was used. Results: Our results have shown that patients who tested positive in Saliva-check mutans test have significantly more caries lesions (5.7) than patients who tested negative (2.7 caries lesions). Conclusion: Our study has proved that patients with higher concentration of Streptococcus mutans are at significantly higher caries risk. Saliva-check showed to be suitable for caries risk assessment. Then we proved, that we can detect more caries lesions by using intraoral camera than only by clinical examination or using x-ray.
- MeSH
- audiovizuální záznam využití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- sliny mikrobiologie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Streptococcus mutans * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zubní kaz * mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Global healthcare systems are struggling with the enormous burden associated with infectious diseases, as well as the incessant rise of antimicrobial resistance. In order to adequately address these issues, there is an urgent need for rapid and accurate infectious disease diagnostics. The H2020 project DIAGORAS aims at diagnosing oral and respiratory tract infections using a fully integrated, automated and user-friendly platform for physicians' offices, schools, elderly care units, community settings, etc. Oral diseases (periodontitis, dental caries) will be detected via multiplexed, quantitative analysis of salivary markers (bacterial DNA and host response proteins) for early prevention and personalised monitoring. Respiratory Tract Infections will be diagnosed by means of DNA/RNA differentiation so as to identify their bacterial or viral nature. Together with antibiotic resistance screening on the same platform, a more efficient treatment management is expected at the point-of-care. At the heart of DIAGORAS lies a centrifugal microfluidic platform (LabDisk and associated processing device) integrating all components and assays for a fully automated analysis. The project involves an interface with a clinical algorithm for the comprehensive presentation of results to end-users, thereby increasing the platform's clinical utility. DIAGORAS' performance will be validated at clinical settings and compared with gold standards.
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
- centrifugace metody MeSH
- DNA bakterií analýza MeSH
- individualizovaná medicína metody MeSH
- infekce dýchací soustavy diagnóza mikrobiologie virologie MeSH
- laboratorní automatizace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrofluidní analytické techniky MeSH
- parodontitida diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- RNA virová analýza MeSH
- sliny imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- zubní kaz diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The colonization of the oral cavity by cariogenic and periodontal pathogens occurs earlier than previously thought. This study aimed to identify the presence and quantity of representative cariogenic and periodontal pathogens in the oral cavities of 6- and 12-month olds and to evaluate the influence of C-section delivery on early Streptococcus mutans (Sm) colonization of the oral cavity. The research cohort was composed of 59 infants (35 infants were delivered vaginally and 24 via C-section) and their mothers. At 6 months of age, the infants were examined, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected. Variables concerning mothers were DMF index and salivary levels of Sm. Repeated saliva samples were taken 6 months later. The representative cariogenic and periodontal microorganisms were identified, and their quantities were measured using a polymerase chain reaction-based method. The relationships between the presence of detected microbes, the mode of delivery, and maternal variables were evaluated using paired t tests, chi-squared test, and ANOVAs. High rates of cariogenic bacteria, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), were found in both infant cohorts. An analysis of the differences between delivery methods revealed that the group of 6-month-old vaginally delivered infants had a significantly higher amount of Sm. We conclude that the cariogenic bacteria, Aa and Fn, are present in edentulous infants. This presence increases in the months following the eruption of the deciduous teeth. Results did not confirm the influence of C-section delivery on the early Sm colonization of the oral cavity.
- MeSH
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans izolace a purifikace MeSH
- bakteriální nálož MeSH
- Fusobacterium nucleatum izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sliny mikrobiologie MeSH
- Streptococcus mutans izolace a purifikace MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- ústa mikrobiologie MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- klíšťata * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- serpiny chemie imunologie MeSH
- sliny * chemie imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- biografie MeSH
- O autorovi
- Chmelař, Jindřich Autorita
