INTRODUCTION: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) emerged about 30 years ago and continues to cause major economic losses in the pork industry. The lack of effective modified live vaccines (MLV) allows the pandemic to continue. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We have previously shown that wild strains of PRRSV affect the nascent T cell repertoire in the thymus, deplete T cell clones recognizing viral epitopes essential for neutralization, while triggering a chronic, robust, but ineffective antibody response. Therefore, we hypothesized that the current MLV are inappropriate because they cause similar damage and fail to prevent viral-induced dysregulation of adaptive immunity. METHODS: We tested three MLV strains to demonstrate that all have a comparable negative effect on thymocytes in vitro. Further in vivo studies compared the development of T cells in the thymus, peripheral lymphocytes, and antibody production in young piglets. These three MLV strains were used in a mixture to determine whether at least some of them behave similarly to the wild virus type 1 or type 2. RESULTS: Both the wild and MLV strains cause the same immune dysregulations. These include depletion of T-cell precursors, alteration of the TCR repertoire, necrobiosis at corticomedullary junctions, low body weight gain, decreased thymic cellularity, lack of virus-neutralizing antibodies, and production of non-neutralizing anti-PRRSV antibodies of different isotypes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results may explain why the use of current MLV in young animals may be ineffective and why their use may be potentially dangerous. Therefore, alternative vaccines, such as subunit or mRNA vaccines or improved MLV, are needed to control the PRRSV pandemic.
- MeSH
- atenuované vakcíny MeSH
- imunitní systém MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- protilátky virové MeSH
- reprodukční a respirační syndrom prasat * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- virus reprodukčního a respiračního syndromu prasat * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
An unusual reassortant rotavirus A (RVA) strain was isolated during RVA surveillance in two previously hospitalized children in 2018. G/P typing revealed uncommon G9P[4] genotypes, so the strains were further characterized by Illumina next-generation sequencing. Whole-genome typing showed that the two strains had a DS-1-like backbone except for NSP2: G9-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N1-T2-E2-H2. The two strains shared 99.9-100% nucleotide sequence identity in all genes.
- MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genom virový MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rotavirové infekce virologie MeSH
- Rotavirus klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Group A Rotaviruses (RVA) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children and a major cause of childhood mortality in low-income countries. RVAs are mostly host-specific, but interspecies transmission and reassortment between human and animal RVAs significantly contribute to their genetic diversity. We investigated the VP7 and VP4 genotypes of RVA isolated from 225 stool specimens collected from Czech patients with gastroenteritis during 2016-2019. The most abundant genotypes were G1P[8] (42.7%), G3P[8] (11.1%), G9P[8] (9.8%), G2P[4] (4.4%), G4P[8] (1.3%), G12P[8] (1.3%), and, surprisingly, G8P[8] (9.3%). Sequence analysis of G8P[8] strains revealed the highest nucleotide similarity of all Czech G8 sequences to the G8P[8] rotavirus strains that were isolated in Vietnam in 2014/2015. The whole-genome backbone of the Czech G8 strains was determined with the use of next-generation sequencing as DS-1-like. Phylogenetic analysis of all segments clustered the Czech isolates with RVA strains that were formerly described in Southeast Asia, which had emerged following genetic reassortment between bovine and human RVAs. This is the first time that bovine-human DS1-like G8P[8] strains were detected at a high rate in human patients in Central Europe. Whether the emergence of this unusual genotype reflects the establishment of a new RVA strain in the population requires the continuous monitoring of rotavirus epidemiology.
- MeSH
- antigeny virové genetika MeSH
- feces virologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- gastroenteritida epidemiologie virologie MeSH
- genom virový genetika MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- reassortantní viry genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- RNA virová genetika MeSH
- rotavirové infekce epidemiologie virologie MeSH
- Rotavirus genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- skot MeSH
- virové plášťové proteiny genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Instrumental insemination of Apis mellifera L. queens is a widely employed technique used in honeybee breeding that enables the effective control of mating. However, drone semen represents a potential source of honeybee viruses. In this study, 43 semen doses collected from apparently healthy drones, and consequently used in instrumental insemination, were analysed using PCR or RT-PCR to detect the presence of viral genome of 11 honeybee viruses. In 91% of samples, viral infection was detected. The survey revealed genomes of five viruses, namely Deformed wing virus (DWV), Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Black queen cell virus (BQCV), Sacbrood virus (SBV), and A. mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) in 84%, 19%, 14%, 2%, and 67% of samples, respectively. Single infection (30% of samples) as well as multiple infection (61% of samples) of two, three or four pathogens were also evaluated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the presence of the BQCV and SBV genome sequence in drone ejaculate. Phylogenetic analysis of BQCV partial helicase gene sequence revealed the high similarity of nucleotide sequence of described Czech strains, which varied from 91.4% to 99.6%. The findings of our study indicate the possibility of venereal transmission of BQCV and SBV.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- chov metody MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- sperma virologie MeSH
- včely virologie MeSH
- viry klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- epidemiologické faktory MeSH
- feces virologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genom virový MeSH
- genotypizační techniky metody MeSH
- klinické chemické testy metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prasata virologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Rotavirus * genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- virové zoonózy * epidemiologie přenos virologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
A 17-week-old crossbred finishing pig was presented for lameness of approximately one week. Clinical evaluation, including ophthalmologic examination, revealed ataxia, partial flaccid paresis of the pelvic limbs, skin lesions at feet and claws, and severely reduced vision/blindness. Both eyes had multiple persistent pupillary membranes (iris-to-iris and iris-to-lens) and hypermature cataracts. Histopathological examination of the eyes revealed microphthalmia, microphakia with cataract formation, myovascularised membrane in the vitreous, retinal detachment, and retinal dysplasia. Microscopic examination of tissues collected postmortem demonstrated nonsuppurative polioencephalomyelitis with the most prominent inflammatory lesions in the lumbar spinal cord. Subsequently, presumed Teschen/Talfan disease was confirmed by porcine teschovirus identification in the spinal cord using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report describing in detail histopathological changes in the porcine congenital microphthalmic syndrome.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) causes lifelong latent infections in swine. The pathogen is occasionally associated with inclusion body rhinitis and pneumonia in piglets, reproductive disorders in pregnant sows and respiratory disease complex in older pigs. Immunosuppressive potential of PCMV infection is discussed. Macrophages were recognised as one of target cell types where propagation of virus occurs. The aim of present study was to set up model PCMV infection of monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) in vitro for PCMV immunobiology research. Obtained results showed that PCMV is able to infect and propagate in MDMs. Possible immunosuppressive effect of PCMV on infected macrophages was evaluated by measurement of immune relevant gene expression in MDMs. Infection decreased expression of IL-8 and TNF-α (pro-inflammatory cytokines) and increased expression of IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine) on mRNA transcription level. Obtained data support hypothesis that higher sensitivity of animals to coinfection with other swine pathogens and its more severe clinical manifestations could potentially be the consequence of PCMV infection.
- MeSH
- cytokiny imunologie MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce imunologie veterinární MeSH
- Cytomegalovirus fyziologie MeSH
- exprese genu imunologie MeSH
- interleukin-10 imunologie MeSH
- interleukin-8 imunologie MeSH
- makrofágy imunologie virologie MeSH
- nemoci prasat imunologie virologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- přirozená imunita MeSH
- TNF-alfa imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- Varroidae patogenita MeSH
- včely * virologie MeSH
- virové nemoci * diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie veterinární MeSH
- viry hmyzu klasifikace MeSH
- zdravotní stav populace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
