PURPOSE: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-directed antibody-drug conjugate approved in HER2-expressing breast and gastric cancers and HER2-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. Treatments are limited for other HER2-expressing solid tumors. METHODS: This open-label phase II study evaluated T-DXd (5.4 mg/kg once every 3 weeks) for HER2-expressing (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 3+/2+ by local or central testing) locally advanced or metastatic disease after ≥1 systemic treatment or without alternative treatments. The primary end point was investigator-assessed confirmed objective response rate (ORR). Secondary end points included safety, duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: At primary analysis, 267 patients received treatment across seven tumor cohorts: endometrial, cervical, ovarian, bladder, biliary tract, pancreatic, and other. The median follow-up was 12.75 months. In all patients, the ORR was 37.1% (n = 99; [95% CI, 31.3 to 43.2]), with responses in all cohorts; the median DOR was 11.3 months (95% CI, 9.6 to 17.8); the median PFS was 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 8.0); and the median OS was 13.4 months (95% CI, 11.9 to 15.5). In patients with central HER2 IHC 3+ expression (n = 75), the ORR was 61.3% (95% CI, 49.4 to 72.4), the median DOR was 22.1 months (95% CI, 9.6 to not reached), the median PFS was 11.9 months (95% CI, 8.2 to 13.0), and the median OS was 21.1 months (95% CI, 15.3 to 29.6). Grade ≥3 drug-related adverse events were observed in 40.8% of patients; 10.5% experienced adjudicated drug-related interstitial lung disease (ILD), with three deaths. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates durable clinical benefit, meaningful survival outcomes, and safety consistent with the known profile (including ILD) in pretreated patients with HER2-expressing tumors receiving T-DXd. Greatest benefit was observed for the IHC 3+ population. These data support the potential role of T-DXd as a tumor-agnostic therapy for patients with HER2-expressing solid tumors.
- MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- imunokonjugáty * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- intersticiální plicní nemoci * chemicky indukované farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory plic * farmakoterapie MeSH
- nádory prsu * farmakoterapie MeSH
- nemalobuněčný karcinom plic * farmakoterapie MeSH
- receptor erbB-2 metabolismus MeSH
- trastuzumab škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- non HLA protilátky, technologie Luminex,
- MeSH
- autoprotilátky * klasifikace škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- HLA antigeny imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rejekce štěpu diagnóza etiologie komplikace MeSH
- testování histokompatibility metody MeSH
- transplantace orgánů * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
AIM: Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) can be described as chronic skin inflammation lesions with the content of malignant T cells and they are considered to be T-cell-mediated skin diseases. CD147 is recognized as a 58-kDa cell surface glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily; it can induce the synthesis of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) on the surface of tumor cells where it was originally identified. It can also function in adjacent tumor fibroblasts using CD147-CD147 interactions. The polymorphism rs8259 T/A is situated in the untranslated region (3'UTR) of the CD147 gene. HLA DRB1*1501 takes part in the process of presentation and recognition of different antigens to T cells. It can be expressed by antigen-presenting cells-macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. The aim of the study is to test genotype-phenotype associations of both polymorphisms including therapy in a large cohort of CTCL patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A final total of 104 CTCL patients were enrolled in the study. For the first remission at the clinic department, they were treated by means of local skin-directed therapy, phototherapy, and systemic therapy. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. A standard technique using proteinase K was applied. The polymorphisms rs8259 T/A (CD147 gene) and rs3135388 (HLA DRB1*1501) were detected through standard PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. RESULTS: The severity of the disease (patients with parapsoriasis, stages IA and IB, vs patients with stages IIB, IIIA, and IIIB) was associated with the CD147 genotype: the AA variant was 3.38 times more frequent in more severe cases, which reflects the decision on systemic therapy (p = 0.02, specificity 0.965). The AA genotype in the CD147 polymorphism was 12 times more frequent in patients who underwent systemic therapy of CTCL compared to those not treated with this therapy (p = 0.009, specificity 0.976). The same genotype was also associated with radiotherapy-it was observed 14 times more frequently in patients treated with radiotherapy (p = 0.009, specificity 0.959). In patients treated with interferon α therapy, the AA genotype was observed to be 5.85 times more frequent compared to the patients not treated with interferon therapy (p = 0.03, specificity 0.963). The HLA DRB1*1501 polymorphism was associated with local skin-directed therapy of CTCL. The CC genotype of the polymorphism was observed to be 3.57 times more frequent in patients treated with local therapy (p = 0.008, specificity 0.948). When both polymorphisms had been calculated together, even better results were obtained: the AACC double genotype was 11 times more frequent in patients with severe CTCL (p = 0.009, specificity 0.977). The TACT double genotype was associated with local skin-directed therapy (0.09 times lower frequency, p = 0.007, sensitivity 0.982). The AACC genotype was 8.9 times more frequent in patients treated by means of systemic therapy (p = 0.02, specificity 0.976) and as many as 18.8 times more frequent in patients treated with radiotherapy (p = 0.005, specificity 0.969). Thus, the AACC double genotype of CD147 and DRB1*1501 polymorphisms seems to be a clinically highly specific marker of severity, systemic therapy and radiotherapy of patients with T-cell lymphoma. CONCLUSION: Although genotyping results were not known during the treatment decision and could not modify it, the clinical decision on severity and therapy reflected some aspects of the genetic background of this complicated T-cell-associated disease very well.
- MeSH
- genetické markery MeSH
- HLA-DRB1 řetězec genetika MeSH
- kožní T-buněčný lymfom * farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfom T-buněčný * MeSH
- nádory kůže * farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
HER-2 low karcinom prsu je název pro zcela heterogenní podskupinu karcinomů prsu, jejímž společným znakem je nízká až střední exprese HER-2 receptoru nesplňující kritéria tzv. HER-2 pozitivity (HER-2 low nádory jsou definovány jako nádory s expresí HER2 na úrovni 1+ nebo 2+ a současně ISH negativní). Pro tuto skupinu je charakteristická vysoká léčebná účinnost protilátkových konjugátů schopných vyvolávat bystander efekt (ADC 3. generace, především trastuzumab-deruxtecan) oproti starším ADC bez této schopnosti (T-DM1) a monoklonálním protilátkám (trastuzumab, pertuzumab, margetuximab), které vzhledem k absenci onkogenní HER-2 signalizace u HER-2 low tumorů mají účinnost téměř nulovou. Kromě HER-2 low nádorů prsu dále můžeme definovat i podtyp "HER-2 ultra low" (IHC na úrovni nekompletního a slabého barvení u ≤ než 10 % nádorových buněk), u kterého je též zaznamenána účinnost T-DXd. Vzhledem k časté HER-2 heterogenitě v čase nadále narůstá potřeba pravidelných rebiopsií ke znovuzhodnocení stavu HER-2 exprese a z toho plynoucí možnosti zahájení terapie pomocí T-DXd i v pozdějších fázích léčby metastatického karcinomu prsu s příznivým ovlivněním prognózy.
HER-2 low breast cancer is newly established term of completely heterogeneous subgroup of breast cancer sharing one common phenotype which is low to moderate expression of HER-2 protein and not meeting criteria for HER-2 positivity. The specific attribute of this subgroup is high responsiveness to antibody-drug conjugates (ADC ́s) that can cause bystander killing effect (ADC ́s of the 3rd generation - especially T-DXd) in comparison to older ADC ́s lacking this disposition (T-DM1) and to monoclonal antibodies (trastuzumab, pertuzumab, margetuximab) with almost zero efficacy due to the absence of oncogenic HER-2 signalling in HER-2 low tumours. HER-2 ultra-low subtype is defined as ≤ 10% of infiltrating cancer cells showing incomplete and faint/weak membrane staining with proven efficacy of T-DXd as well. Due to the frequent HER-2 heterogenity during the course of time the re-biopsy approach is of crucial importance to reassess the up-to-date HER-2 status enabling subsequent treatment with T-DXd.
- Klíčová slova
- HER2 low karcinom prsu, trastuzumab deruxtecan,
- MeSH
- imunokonjugáty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- kamptothecin analogy a deriváty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prsu * farmakoterapie MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- receptor erbB-2 MeSH
- trastuzumab * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Single-agent oral vinorelbine is a standard of care for hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC) that has progressed on endocrine therapy. Metronomic administration may offer a better balance of efficacy and safety than standard regimens, but data from previous trials are scarce. METHODS: In this open-label, multicenter, phase II trial, patients were randomized to oral vinorelbine administered on a metronomic (50 mg three times weekly) or weekly (60 mg/m2 in cycle 1, increasing to 80 mg/m2 if well tolerated) schedule. Treatment was continued until disease progression or intolerance. The primary endpoint was disease control rate (DCR, the proportion of patients with a best overall confirmed response of CR, PR, or stable disease lasting 6 months or more). RESULTS: One-hundred sixty-three patients were randomized and treated. The DCR was 63.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.0-73.8) with metronomic vinorelbine and 72.8% (95% CI: 61.8-82.1) with weekly vinorelbine. Weekly vinorelbine was also associated with longer progression-free survival (5.6 vs 4.0 months) and overall survival (26.7 vs 22.3 months) than metronomic vinorelbine, but was associated with more adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In this randomized phase II trial, single-agent metronomic oral vinorelbine was effective and well tolerated as first-line chemotherapy for patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative ABC. Formal comparisons are not done in this phase II study and one can simply observe that confidence intervals of all endpoints overlap. When deciding for a chemotherapy after failure of endocrine therapy and CDK 4/6 inhibitors, oral vinorelbine might be an option to be given with either schedule. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: EudraCT 2014-003860-19.
- MeSH
- doba přežití bez progrese choroby MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metronomické podávání léků MeSH
- nádory prsu * MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie MeSH
- prsy metabolismus MeSH
- receptor erbB-2 metabolismus MeSH
- vinblastin MeSH
- vinorelbin MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a global pandemic. While susceptibility to COVID-19 is subject to several external factors, including hypertension, BMI, and the presence of diabetes, it is also genetically determined to a significant extent. Infectious agents require iron (Fe) for proper functioning. Carriers of mutations resulting in increased iron concentrations are understood to be at increased risk of COVID-19. METHODS: We examined HFE genotypes associated with hereditary haemochromatosis (rs1800562 and rs1799945 SNPs) in 617 COVID-19 patients (166 asymptomatic, 246 symptomatic and 205 hospitalised survivors) and 2 559 population-based controls. RESULTS: We found a higher frequency of the minor allele (Tyr282) of the rs1800562 polymorphism (P < 0.002) in patients compared to controls (8.5 % vs 5.5 %). Non-carriers of the minor allele were protected against SARS-Cov-2 infection (OR, 95 %CI; 0.59, 0.42-0.82). The frequency of minor allele carriers was almost identical across asymptomatic, symptomatic, and hospitalised survivors. The rs1799945 variant did not affect disease severity and its occurrence was almost identical in patients and controls (P between 0.58 and 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our results indicate that presence of the rs1800562 minor allele, which is associated with hereditary haemochromatosis (thus increased levels of plasma Fe), increases susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * genetika MeSH
- hemochromatóza * genetika epidemiologie MeSH
- histokompatibilita - antigeny třídy I genetika MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- protein hemochromatózy genetika MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- železo MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Karcinom prsu s pozitivitou HER2 tvoří asi 15 % všech diagnostikovaných prsních karcinomů. Overexprese a amplifikace HER2 je spojena s horší prognózou, ale zároveň je také účinným cílem anti-HER2 léčby. Úplná blokáda signálu pro růst a progresi nádoru zprostředkovaného receptorem HER2 je větší zárukou účinnosti anti-HER2 léčby v různých fázích nemoci.
Breast cancer with HER2 positivity accounts for about 15% of all diagnosed breast cancers. Overexpression and amplification of HER2 is associated with a worse prognosis however, it is also an effective target for anti-HER2 therapy. Complete blockade of the HER2 receptor-mediated signal for tumour growth and progression is a bigger guarantee of the efficacy of anti-HER2 therapy at different stages of the disease.
BACKGROUND: Carcinoma with apocrine differentiation (AC) is a subtype of breast carcinoma with apocrine features in >90% of the tumor. Molecular studies demonstrate AC has high expression of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA. Pure AC lack estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and express AR, with variable human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) status. Currently, in triple negative AC, no targetable therapies or specific diagnostic markers exist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: α-Methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR) expression was investigated as a marker of apocrine differentiation using a single-plex immunoperoxidase stain, and a novel AMACR/p63 dual stain in a subset of cases, across 1) benign apocrine lesions (apocrine metaplasia, adenosis) 2) apocrine DCIS (ADCIS), 3) AC/ invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with apocrine features, 4) non-apocrine triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and 5) IDC, no special type. A sub-set of cases were evaluated by tissue microarray. RESULTS: AMACR expression was increased in both AC and ADCIS, with minimal expression in benign breast tissue, TNBC and IDC, NST cases. In invasive cases, those with positive AMACR (>5% positivity) were significantly associated with higher histologic grade (P = .006), initial N stage (chi squared 0.044), and lack of ER or PR expression (both P < .001), with no correlation with overall survival. Analysis of TCGA breast cancer datasets revealed AMACR expression was significantly higher in molecularly defined apocrine carcinomas relative to basal and luminal subtypes. Moreover, high AMACR expression predicted worse relapse-free and distant-metastasis free survival, among both ER-/PR-/Her2- and ER-/PR-/Her2+ breast cancer cohorts (log-rank P = .081 and .00011, respectively). CONCLUSION: AMACR represents a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker in apocrine breast lesions. Further study is needed to determine the biologic and clinical significance of this protein in AC.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery metabolismus MeSH
- nádory prsu * metabolismus MeSH
- racemasy a epimerasy MeSH
- receptor erbB-2 metabolismus MeSH
- receptory pro estrogeny metabolismus MeSH
- receptory progesteronu metabolismus MeSH
- triple-negativní karcinom prsu * diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Nově definovaná kategorie HER2-low karcinomu prsu představuje onemocnění s nízkou expresí receptoru HER2 napříč luminálními a triple negativními subtypy nemoci. K dosud užívaným léčebným možnostem, jakými jsou chemoterapie, cílená léčba a imunoterapie checkpoint inhibitory, jsou nově zaváděny tzv. konjugáty protilátka-léčivo 2. generace, ke kterým patří trastuzumab deruxtekan a sacituzumab govitekan. Následující sdělení se věnuje vymezení pojmu HER2-low karcinom prsu, definici konjugátu protilátka-léčivo a jejich významu pro léčbu HER2-low karcinomu prsu.
The newly defined category of HER2-low breast cancer represents disease with low HER2 receptor expression across luminal and triple negative subtypes of the disease. In addition to previously used treatment options such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy and checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, second-generation antibody-drug conjugates, which include trastuzumab deruxtecan and sacituzumab govitecan, are newly introduced. The following review discusses the definition of HER2-low breast cancer, the definition of antibody-drug conjugates and their relevance to the treatment of HER2-low breast cancer.
INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) remains the first cause of death from infection caused by a bacterial pathogen. Chemotherapy does not eradicate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) from human lungs, and the pathogen causes a latent tuberculosis infection that cannot be prevented by the currently available Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine, which is ineffective in the prevention of pulmonary TB in adults. HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T lymphocytes are essential players in protective immune responses against Mtb. Hence, expanding this population in vivo or ex vivo may be crucial for vaccination or immunotherapy against TB. METHODS: The enzymatically inactive Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (CyaA) toxoid is an effective tool for delivering peptide epitopes into the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells (APC) for presentation and stimulation of specific CD8+ T-cell responses. In this study, we have investigated the capacity of the CyaA toxoid to deliver Mtb epitopes known to bind HLA-E for the expansion of human CD8+ T cells in vitro. RESULTS: Our results show that the CyaA-toxoid containing five HLA-E-restricted Mtb epitopes causes significant expansion of HLA-E-restricted antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, which produce IFN-γ and exert significant cytotoxic activity towards peptide-pulsed macrophages. DISCUSSION: HLA-E represents a promising platform for the development of new vaccines; our study indicates that the CyaA construct represents a suitable delivery system of the HLA-E-binding Mtb epitopes for ex vivo and in vitro expansion of HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cells inducing a predominant Tc1 cytokine profile with a significant increase of IFN-γ production, for prophylactic and immunotherapeutic applications against Mtb.
- MeSH
- adenylátcyklasy MeSH
- antigeny HLA-E MeSH
- Bordetella pertussis MeSH
- CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty MeSH
- epitopy MeSH
- histokompatibilita - antigeny třídy I MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis * MeSH
- peptidy MeSH
- toxoidy MeSH
- tuberkulóza * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
