Ravulizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the complement C5 protein. This drug has been approved by different regulatory agencies worldwide for the treatment of AQP-4 seropositive NMOSD based on the results of the CHAMPION-NMOSD trial. Similar to eculizumab, ravulizumab offers highly effective prevention of NMOSD relapses. Both molecules demonstrated more than 90% reduction in relapse risk compared to the placebo group. Ravulizumab has a longer half-life allowing extending interval dosing from two to eight weeks compared to eculizumab. Patients taking C5 complement inhibitors have an increased risk of serious meningococcal infections, therefore vaccination is mandatory before treatment initiation.
- Klíčová slova
- studie CHAMPION-NMOSD, Ravulizumab, AQP4-IgG pozitivní NMOSD,
- MeSH
- akvaporin 4 antagonisté a inhibitory imunologie MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky * farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- komplement C5 antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meningokokové infekce imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- neuromyelitis optica * diagnóza farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: In aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG NMOSD), disability accrual is mostly attributed to relapses. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) and relapse-associated worsening (RAW) in AQP4-IgG NMOSD. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with AQP4-IgG NMOSD enrolled in the MSBase international data registry. Patients required a minimum of 3 recorded Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores: baseline, event, and a 6-month confirmation score. Presence and absence of relapses between the baseline and event EDSS scores determined RAW and PIRA, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to present the results. RESULTS: A total of 181 patients followed for a median of 4.5 years (Q1 1.7, Q3 7.8) were included. Most patients were female (88.4%), and the median age at disease onset was 38.1 years. Overall, 4 patients (2.2%) developed 5 incidences of PIRA and 13 patients developed RAW (7.2%). DISCUSSION: This multicenter study highlights that PIRA is very rare in AQP4-IgG NMOSD. Limitations of this study include the sole focus of overall EDSS to measure disability, lack of requirement for a second EDSS score to confirm baseline EDSS, and the absence of magnetic resonance imaging information for all patients.
- MeSH
- akvaporin 4 * imunologie MeSH
- autoprotilátky * krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunoglobulin G * krev MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuromyelitis optica * imunologie epidemiologie MeSH
- posuzování pracovní neschopnosti MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- progrese nemoci * MeSH
- recidiva * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: We recently described magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of children with transverse myelitis (TM) at first event with important and unique differences depending on the underlying disease entity. OBJECTIVE: To study the resolution of lesions over time in children with TM due to MOG-antibody associated disorders (MOGAD), multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) or double seronegative TM. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 78 children from 29 different medical centres with TM as part of MOGAD (n = 34), MS (n = 20), NMOSD (n = 5) and in double seronegative children (n = 19) were included. A grading system consisting of 4 grades (grade 0 = complete resolution; grade 3 = no resolution at all) was used to compare the degree of lesion resolution over time in the different disease entities. Time to lesion resolution was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier statistics and log-rank test. RESULTS: Significant differences of the interval between first MRI until resolution of lesions were observed between the four disease entities. The most rapid and complete resolution was seen in MOGAD, followed by double seronegative, MS and NMOSD. Median periods until total resolution (grade 0) were 191 days (MOGAD), 750 days (double seronegative), 1117 days (MS), while none of the patients with NMOSD reached a complete resolution during the observation period. The better prognosis of MOGAD compared to MS was independent of sex, age, oligoclonal bands and cell count in the multivariate Cox analysis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Children with TM and antibodies to MOG show a faster resolution of radiological lesions compared to children with MS and NMOSD.
- MeSH
- autoprotilátky krev MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- glykoprotein v myelinu oligodendrocytů imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- mícha diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- neuromyelitis optica * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- transverzální myelitida * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
Cíl: Cílem této práce bylo zjistit distribuci a rozsah péče o děti s podezřením na získaný demyelinizační syndrom (zahrnující akutní diseminovanou encefalomyelitidu, klinicky izolovaný syndrom, roztroušenou sklerózu a okruh neuromyelitis optica) a identifikovat oblasti ke zkvalitnění péče v ČR. Soubor a metodika: Elektronické dotazníkové šetření na všech lůžkových pracovištích dětské neurologie (n = 7) a pediatrie (n = 22) na úrovni krajů a fakultních nemocnic. Odpovědi jsme získali ze všech oslovených nemocnic. Výsledky: Na péči se podílí všech sedm pracovišť dětské neurologie a deset pediatrií. Všichni disponují potřebnými diagnostickými možnostmi, alw terapeutické možnosti se liší. Identifikovali jsme konkrétní rozdíly v diagnostickém přístupu – v indikaci a interpretaci vyšetření a ve využití aktuálních diagnostických kritérií. V šesti krajích je péče primárně směřována na lůžka dětské neurologie, v ostatních osmi krajích na lůžka pediatrická s konziliárním dětským neurologem. Složitější případy jsou překládány na dětské neurologie, kde je diagnostický přístup komplexnější a terapeutické možnosti rozsáhlejší. Závěr: Péče o děti se získaným demyelinizačním syndromem je v ČR na vysoké úrovni, ale není standardizována. Nejlépe zajištěná onemocnění jsou RS a okruh neuromyelitis optica, pro která fungují centra vysoce specializované péče. Vzhledem k distribuci péče musí specializovaná edukace cílit i na pediatry a konziliární dětské neurology.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and extent of healthcare provided to children with a suspected acquired demyelinating syndrome (including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, clinically isolated syndrome, multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder) and to identify areas for care improvement in the Czech Republic. Patients and methodology: Electronic questionnaire survey at all inpatient departments of pediatric neurology (N = 7) and pediatric departments (N = 22) at the regional and university hospital level. Responses were obtained from all contacted hospitals. Results: All inpatient departments of pediatric neurology and 10 pediatric departments are involved in the care of patients. All have the necessary diagnostic methods available, but therapeutic options differ. We identified specific differences in the diagnostic approach -in the indication and interpretation of examinations and in the use of current diagnostic criteria. In six regions, care is provided primarily by departments of pediatric neurology. In the remaining eight regions, patients are admitted to pediatric departments with an available pediatric neurology consultant. More complex cases are transferred to pediatric neurology departments, where the diagnostic approach is more comprehensive and the therapeutic options are more extensive. Conclusion: In the Czech Republic, healthcare for children with an acquired demyelinating syndrome is at a high level, but it is not standardized. The most appropriate standard of care is provided in specialized care centers for multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Given the distribution of care, specialized education must also include pediatricians and pediatric neurology consultants.
- MeSH
- demyelinizační nemoci * terapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management nemoci MeSH
- management péče o pacienta * organizace a řízení MeSH
- neuromyelitis optica terapie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza terapie MeSH
- terciární prevence organizace a řízení MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Inebilizumab, an anti-CD19 B-cell-depleting antibody, demonstrated safety and efficacy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in the randomised controlled period of the N-MOmentum trial. Here, end-of-study data, including the randomised controlled period and open-label extension period, are reported. METHODS: In the double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3 N-MOmentum trial, adults aged 18 years and older with an neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder diagnosis, Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 8·0 or less, and history of either at least one acute inflammatory attack requiring rescue therapy in the past year or two attacks requiring rescue therapy in the past 2 years, were recruited from 81 outpatient specialty clinics or hospitals in 24 countries. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (3:1), using a central interactive voice system or interactive web response system, and a permuted block randomisation scheme (block size of 4), to receive intravenous inebilizumab (300 mg) or identical placebo on days 1 and 15 of the randomised period, which lasted up to 197 days. Participants and all study staff were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint of the randomised period of the trial was time to onset of adjudicated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder attack on or before day 197. Participants in the randomised controlled period who had an adjudicated attack, completed 197 days in the study, or were in the randomised controlled period when enrolment stopped, could voluntarily enter the open-label period. In the open-label period, participants either initiated inebilizumab if assigned placebo (receiving 300 mg on days 1 and 15 of the open-label period) or continued treatment if assigned inebilizumab (receiving 300 mg on day 1 and placebo on day 15, to maintain B-cell depletion and masking of the randomised controlled period). All participants subsequently received inebilizumab 300 mg every 6 months for a minimum of 2 years. The end-of-study analysis endpoints were time to adjudicated attack and annualised attack rate (assessed in all participants who received inebilizumab at any point during the randomised controlled period or open-label period [any inebilizumab population] and the aquaporin-4 [AQP4]-IgG seropositive subgroup [any inebilizumab-AQP4-IgG seropositive population]) and safety outcomes (in all participants who were exposed to inebilizumab, analysed as-treated). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02200770, and is now complete. FINDINGS: Between Jan 6, 2015, and Sept 24, 2018, 467 individuals were screened, 231 were randomly assigned, and 230 received at least one dose of inebilizumab (n=174) or placebo (n=56). Between May 19, 2015, and Nov 8, 2018, 165 (95%) of 174 participants in the inebilizumab group and 51 (91%) of 56 in the placebo group entered the open-label period (mean age 42·9 years [SD 12·4], 197 [91%] of 216 were female, 19 [9%] were male, 115 [53%] were White, 45 [21%] were Asian, 19 [9%] were American Indian or Alaskan Native, and 19 [9%] were Black or African American). As of data cutoff for this end of study analysis (Dec 18, 2020; median exposure 1178 days [IQR 856-1538], total exposure of 730 person-years) 225 participants formed the any inebilizumab population, and 208 (92%) participants were AQP4-IgG seropositive. Overall, 63 adjudicated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder attacks occurred in 47 (21%) of 225 treated participants (60 attacks occurred in 44 [21%] of 208 in the AQP4-IgG seropositive subgroup); 40 (63%) of 63 attacks occurred in 34 (15%) of 225 treated participants during the first year of treatment. Of individuals who had an adjudicated attack while receiving inebilizumab, 36 (77%) of 47 were subsequently attack-free at the end of 4 years. Annualised attack rates decreased year-on-year, with end-of-study adjusted annualised attack rates being similar in the any inebilizumab-AQP4-IgG seropositive subgroup (0·097 [95% CI 0·070-0·14]) and any inebilizumab populations (0·092 [0·067-0·13]). Overall, 208 (92%) of 225 participants who received any inebilizumab had at least one treatment-emergent adverse event, the most frequent of which were urinary tract infection (59 [26%]), nasopharyngitis (47 [21%]), and arthralgia (39 [17%]). Infection rates did not increase over 4 years. Three (1%) of 225 participants in the any inebilizumab population died during the open-label period (one each due to a CNS event of unknown cause and pneumonia, respiratory insufficiency resulting from an neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder attack and viral pneumonia related to COVID-19), all of which were deemed to be unrelated to treatment. INTERPRETATION: Data from the end-of-study analysis of the N-MOmentum trial showed continued and sustained clinical benefits of long-term inebilizumab treatment in individuals with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, which supports the role of inebilizumab as a CD19+ B-cell-depleting therapy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. FUNDING: MedImmune and Viela Bio/Horizon Therapeutics, now part of Amgen.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky * terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- neuromyelitis optica * farmakoterapie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
V článku sa uvádza prehľad súčasného stavu poznatkov o imunoterapii spektra ochorení neuromyelitis optica (NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders). Zneschopnenie pri NMOSD je následkom atakov a relapsov choroby, na ktoré sa sústreďuje liečba. Diagnostickým biomarkerom ochorenia sú autoprotilátky proti aquaporínu 4 (AQP4-IgG), ktoré zohrávajú dôležitú úlohu v patogenéze poškodenia astrocytov. Nedávny pokrok v chápaní NMOSD viedol k vývoju nových terapií a overeniu ich účinnosti v randomizovaných kontrolovaných štúdiách. Pre pacientov s pozitívnymi protilátkami proti AQP4 boli schválené nové imunoterapie, ktoré majú potenciál znížiť aktivitu ochorenia redukciou relapsov, sú to ekulizumab, ravulizumab, inebilizumab a satralizumab.
The article provides an overview of the current state of knowledge about neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) immunotherapy. Therapy focuses on the relapses that determine disability in NMOSD. Autoantibodies against aquaporin 4 (AQP4-IgG) are a diagnostic biomarker of the disease and have an important role in the pathogenesis of damage to astrocytes. Recent advances in the understanding of NMOSD have led to the development of new therapies and validation of their effectiveness in randomized controlled trials. New immunotherapies have been approved for patients with positive AQP4-igG antibodies, with the potential to reduce the number of relapses, namely eculizumab, ravulizumab, inebilizumab and satralizumab.
- MeSH
- akvaporin 4 imunologie MeSH
- B-lymfocyty účinky léků MeSH
- imunosupresiva farmakologie klasifikace škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunoterapie klasifikace metody MeSH
- inhibitory interleukinu-6 farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- inhibitory komplementu farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfocytární deplece metody MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- neuromyelitis optica * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: AntiCD20 therapy, such as rituximab, ocrelizumab, or ofatumumab, effectively treats patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (pwNMOSD) but negatively affects the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination. One strategy to protect these patients is using tixagevimab/cilgavimab (T/C) as pre-exposure prophylaxis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of T/C on the incidence of COVID-19 in pwMS and pwNMOSD. METHODS: Data in this observational cohort study were collected in two Czech MS centres through ReMuS registry between March 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022. Adult pwMS and pwNMOSD who were (1) treated with antiCD20 therapy at least six months before T/C administration, or at least from February 1, 2022 in the control group; (2) were already on antiCD20 therapy at the time of vaccination or COVID-19 infection; and (3) were on antiCD20 therapy at least 100 days after T/C, or at least 90 days after August 1, 2022 in the control group, were included. Analysis was performed using frequency-based (propensity score matching) and Bayesian statistical methods (informative and non-informative priors). RESULTS: Using propensity score matching 1:1, 47 patients who received T/C (mean age 45.7 years, median disease duration 12.5 years) were matched with those who did not receive T/C (n = 341; mean age 46.6 years, median disease duration 11.4 years) based on age, MS/NMOSD duration, and number of vaccine doses. None of the T/C patients and three in the control matched group, developed COVID-19 between 10 and 100 days after receiving T/C, August 1, 2022, respectively. The frequency of COVID-19 was not significantly different between groups (p = 0.242). Due to the low number of patients, a Bayesian analysis was also added. Using a non-informative Bayesian prior, the median relative risk of COVID-19 after T/C was 7.6 % (95 % CrI 0.02-115.9 %). The posterior probability of risk difference lower than zero was 96.4 %. Using an informative prior (based on the registration study of Evusheld), the median relative risk of COVID-19 after T/C was 20.2 % (95 % CI 8.4-43.8 %). The posterior probability of the risk difference lower than zero was 100 %. CONCLUSION: This work highlights the possible good efficacy of T/C in antiCD20-treated pwMS and pwNMSOD. Based on Bayesian analysis with an informative prior, the T/C group's risk of COVID-19 infection was approximately 20.2 % of the control group's risk. However, given the low frequency of COVID-19, the results of this pilot analysis must be interpreted with caution.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola komplikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunologické faktory MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuromyelitis optica * farmakoterapie MeSH
- preexpoziční profylaxe metody MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Inebilizumab, a humanized, glycoengineered, IgG1 monoclonal antibody that depletes CD19+ B-cells, is approved to treat aquaporin 4 (AQP4) IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Inebilizumab is afucosylated and engineered for enhanced affinity to Fc receptor III-A (FCGR3A) receptors on natural killer cells to maximize antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Previously, the F allele polymorphism at amino acid 158 of the FCGR3A gene (F158) was shown to decrease IgG-binding affinity and reduce rituximab (anti-CD20) efficacy for NMOSD attack prevention. In contrast, our current findings from inebilizumab-treated NMOSD patients indicate similar clinical outcomes between those with F158 and V158 allele genotypes.
- MeSH
- kongresy jako téma MeSH
- neuromyelitis optica MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza diagnóza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- zprávy MeSH
