OBJECTIVE: Desalination of cheese whey by electrodialysis yields saline wastewater (SWW). The goal was to test this as the basis of a culture medium and to prove experimentally the concept that it was a suitable resource for heterotrophic cultivation of the freshwater green microalga Chlorella vulgaris. RESULTS: Optimization of glucose concentration, nitrogen source and medium salinity for microalgal growth was first carried out in defined medium (DM) and shake flasks. These results were then adopted in shake flask cultivation experiments using pre-treated SWW medium (PSWW). Subsequently, microalgal growth under optimized conditions was tested in bioreactors. Various media such as DM, PSWW and diluted PSWW (DPSWW) were compared. Volumetric biomass productivities decreased in the order DM (0.371 g L-1 h-1, urea) > DPSWW (0.315 g L-1 h-1, soy peptone) > PSWW (0.152 g L-1 h-1, soy peptone). Although biomass productivities in DPSWW and PSWW media were significantly lower than in DM, these media required the addition of only 66 and 33% of DM N sources, respectively. No other added DM component was necessary in (D)PSWW to achieve microalgal growth. CONCLUSIONS: Although the optimized cultivation of freshwater microalgae on alternative medium based on SWW resulted in biomass productivities lower than those on DM, the required addition of N sources was also lower. Potentially lower production costs of Chlorella biomass and the meaningful use of SWW are the main outcomes of this work.
OBJECTIVES: To improve the storage stability and reusability of various yeast strains and species by immobilization in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel particles. RESULTS: Debaryomyces hansenii, Pichia sorbitophila, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii were immobilized in PVA particles using LentiKats technology and stored in sterile water at 4 °C. The immobilization improved the survival of all species; however, the highest storage stability was achieved for S. cerevisiae and Y. lipolytica which survived more than 1 year, in contrast to free cells that survived for only 3 months. Tests of the reusability of immobilized recombinant laccase-secreting S. cerevisiae revealed that the cells were suitable for repetitive use (55 cycles during 15 months) even after storage in water at 4 °C for 9 months. A suitable method for killing immobilized laccase-secreting cells without affecting the produced enzyme activity was also developed. CONCLUSIONS: The immobilization of yeasts in PVA hydrogel enables long-term, cheap storage with very good cell viability and productivity, thus becoming a promising approach for industrial applications.
- MeSH
- biotechnologie MeSH
- buněčné kultury MeSH
- imobilizované buňky * cytologie enzymologie metabolismus MeSH
- lakasa chemie metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiální viabilita MeSH
- ochrana biologická metody MeSH
- opakované použití vybavení MeSH
- polyvinylalkohol chemie MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae * cytologie enzymologie metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Viable microbial cells are important biocatalysts in the production of fine chemicals and biofuels, in environmental applications and also in emerging applications such as biosensors or medicine. Their increasing significance is driven mainly by the intensive development of high performance recombinant strains supplying multienzyme cascade reaction pathways, and by advances in preservation of the native state and stability of whole-cell biocatalysts throughout their application. In many cases, the stability and performance of whole-cell biocatalysts can be highly improved by controlled immobilization techniques. This review summarizes the current progress in the development of immobilized whole-cell biocatalysts, the immobilization methods as well as in the bioreaction engineering aspects and economical aspects of their biocatalytic applications.
- MeSH
- bioinženýrství * MeSH
- biokatalýza * MeSH
- bioreaktory * MeSH
- imobilizované buňky * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To convert α-acetolactate into acetoin by an α-acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) to prevent its conversion into diacetyl that gives beer an unfavourable buttery flavour. RESULTS: We constructed a whole Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell catalyst with a truncated active ALDC from Acetobacter aceti ssp xylinum attached to the cell wall using the C-terminal anchoring domain of α-agglutinin. ALDC variants in which 43 and 69 N-terminal residues were absent performed equally well and had significantly decreased amounts of diacetyl during fermentation. With these cells, the highest concentrations of diacetyl observed during fermentation were 30 % less than those in wort fermented with control yeasts displaying only the anchoring domain and, unlike the control, virtually no diacetyl was present in wort after 7 days of fermentation. CONCLUSIONS: Since modification of yeasts with ALDC variants did not affect their fermentation performance, the display of α-acetolactate decarboxylase activity is an effective approach to decrease the formation of diacetyl during beer fermentation.
Nanotechnology is an emerging cutting-edge technology, which involves interdisciplinary subjects, such as physics, chemistry, biology, material science and medicine. Different methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles have been discussed here. Although physical and chemical methods have been successfully used to synthesize nanoparticles, the use of hazardous chemicals and synthesis at high temperature is a matter of concern. Hence, there is a necessity to develop eco-friendly techniques for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, lichen and viruses have been reported eco-friendly. Moreover, the fungal system has emerged as an efficient system for nanoparticle synthesis as fungi possess distinctive characters including high wall binding capacity, easy to culture and simpler biomass handling, etc. In this review, we have discussed fungi as an important tool for the fabrication of nanoparticles. In addition, methods and mechanism for synthesis of nanoparticles and its potential applications have also been discussed.
Whole whey hydrolyzed by Alcalase (WWH) was tested as a complex nitrogen source for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) from waste frying oils by Cupriavidus necator H16. Addition of WWH (10 % (v/v) of cultivation media) supported the growth and PHB accumulation; PHB yields in Erlenmeyer flasks were more than 3.5-fold higher than in control cultivations. The positive influence of WWH on PHB production was confirmed in experiments performed in laboratory fermentor. C. necator cultivated with WWH produced 28.1 g PHB l(-1) resulting in a very high product yield coefficient of 0.94 g PHB per g oil. Since PHB yields were ~40 % higher than in the control cultivation, WWH can be considered as an excellent inexpensive nitrogen source for PHB production by C. necator.
- MeSH
- Cupriavidus necator růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- hydrolýza MeSH
- hydroxybutyráty metabolismus MeSH
- kultivační média chemie MeSH
- mléčné bílkoviny metabolismus MeSH
- polyestery metabolismus MeSH
- subtilisiny metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE OF WORK: our aim is to describe new fungal nitrilases whose sequences were published but whose catalytic properties were unknown. We adapted for expression in E. coli three of the genes and confirmed that the enzymes acted on organic nitriles. The genome mining approach was used to search for nitrilases in filamentous fungi. Synthetic genes encoding nitrilases in Aspergillus niger, Gibberella moniliformis and Neurospora crassa were expressed in Escherichia coli. This is the first heterologous expression of fungal enzymes of this type. The recombinant enzyme derived from G. moniliformis was an aromatic nitrilase with an activity of 390 U l(-1) culture with benzonitrile as substrate. This was much less than the activities of the recombinant enzymes derived from A. niger and N. crassa that had activities of 2500 and 2700 U l(-1) culture, respectively, with phenylacetonitrile as substrate.
- MeSH
- aminohydrolasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Aspergillus niger enzymologie genetika MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- fungální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- genom fungální MeSH
- Gibberella enzymologie genetika MeSH
- klonování DNA MeSH
- Neurospora crassa enzymologie genetika MeSH
- nitrily metabolismus MeSH
- organické látky metabolismus MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- výpočetní biologie metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Resistance or susceptibility of bifidobacteria to lysozyme and growth of bifidobacteria in human milk were tested. Susceptible bifidobacterial strains stopped their growth almost immediately after the addition of lysozyme (400 microg/ml), moderately susceptible strains exhibited reduced growth rate, and growth curves of resistant strains were not affected. Strains of human origin were more resistant to lysozyme than animal strains. While strains of B. bifidum grew well in human milk samples, the growth B. animalis strains was inhibited after inoculation to human milk. The resistance to lysozyme seems to be a promising criterion for the selection of new probiotic bifidobacterial strains.
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence účinky léků MeSH
- Bifidobacterium účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřské mléko účinky léků mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- muramidasa farmakologie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- probiotika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Waste rapeseed oil is a useful substrate for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production employing Cupriavidus necator H16. In fed-batch mode, we obtained biomass and PHA yields of 138 and 105 g l(-1), respectively. Yield coefficient and volumetric productivity were 0.83 g PHA per g oil and 1.46 g l(-1) h(-1), respectively. Propanol at 1% (v/v) enhanced both PHA and biomass formation significantly and, furthermore, resulted in incorporation of 3-hydroxyvalerate units into PHA structure. Thus, propanol can be used as an effective precursor of 3-hydroxyvalarete for production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer. During the fed-batch cultivation, propanol concentration was maintained at 1% which resulted in 8% content of 3-hydroxyvalerate in copolymer.
Cannabis sativa L. plants produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites. Cannabis cell cultures were treated with jasmonic acid (JA) and pectin as elicitors to evaluate their effect on metabolism from two cell lines using NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. According to principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the chloroform extract of the pectin-treated cultures were more different than control and JA-treated cultures; but in the methanol/water extract the metabolome of the JA-treated cells showed clear differences with control and pectin-treated cultures. Tyrosol, an antioxidant metabolite, was detected in cannabis cell cultures. The tyrosol content increased after eliciting with JA.
- MeSH
- buněčné extrakty chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Cannabis chemie metabolismus MeSH
- cyklopentany metabolismus MeSH
- fenethylalkohol analogy a deriváty analýza MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- metabolom MeSH
- oxylipiny metabolismus MeSH
- pektiny metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
