Cryptosporidium spp. infection in captive exotic mammals was investigated using staining and molecular biological methods. A total of 323 fecal samples from 100 mammalian species (62 Artiodactyla, 33 Rodentia, 3 Perissodactyla, and 2 Paenungultata) in 4 zoological gardens in the Czech Republic was examined. Only in a reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) sample was Cryptosporidium sp. infection detected. The partial small subunit rRNA sequence obtained from the isolate was identical to sequences of Cryptosporidium muris in rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) and Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). Neonatal BALB/c mice inoculated with 1 x 10(3) fresh oocysts of the C. muris giraffe isolate did not produce a detectable infection.
- MeSH
- Artiodactyla parazitologie MeSH
- biotest veterinární MeSH
- Cryptosporidium klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- kryptosporidióza epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- novorozená zvířata MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- protozoální DNA chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- RNA ribozomální genetika MeSH
- zvířata v ZOO parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- protozoální DNA MeSH
- RNA ribozomální MeSH
A total of 287 faecal specimens of captive exotic birds from the orders Psittaciformes, Passeriformes and Columbiformes were randomly collected from Bohemian pet stores, avian breeders and avian keepers and were screened for the presence of human pathogenic microsporidia by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microsporidial DNA was identified in 115 faecal samples (40.1%). Single-species infection was detected in 36 birds (12.5%) for Enterocytozoon bieneusi, 36 birds (12.5%) for Encephalitozoon cuniculi and 18 birds (6.3%) for Encephalitozoon hellem. No Encephalitozoon intestinalis positive samples were identified. Moreover, co-infections were detected in 25 birds: E. bieneusi together with E. cuniculi in 14 animals (4.9%) or E. hellem in 11 cases (3.8%). E. hellem was present in 1A (5.2%) and three (0.3%) genotypes, E. cuniculi in I (2.4%), II (8.0%) and III (0.7%) genotypes and E. bieneusi in A (8.4%) and EbpA (10.8%) genotypes. Several of these genotypes have never been recorded in birds before. The results of this report suggest the low host specificity of E. bieneusi, E. hellem and E. cuniculi and describe 44 new avian hosts.
- MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Microsporidia genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mikrosporidióza epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci ptáků epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- ptáci MeSH
- zoonózy mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
A total of 123 avian faecal specimens randomly collected in Bohemian commercial aviaries, Zoo parks and countryside were screened for the presence of human pathogenic microsporidia by both calcofluor M2R staining and polymerase chain reaction. Of these, no positive sample was detected using microscopical examination, and one isolate was detected by polymerase chain reaction and identified as Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Cockateel (Nymphicus hollandicus) represents a new avian host of this microsporidian.
- MeSH
- DNA fungální analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Encephalitozoon cuniculi klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- encephalitozoonóza mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- kakaduové mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci ptáků mikrobiologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA fungální MeSH
Chicken (Gallus gallus) were used as the experimental model for study of immune response against the microsporidium Encephalitozoon hellem (Didier et al., J Inf Dis 163:617-621, 1991) infection in birds. Two-day-old chicken were infected perorally or intraperitoneally with a dose of 10(7) spores of E. hellem. The anti-E. hellem immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgY, and IgM antibody responses in sera and dropping sample extracts were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results have shown specific antibody production in sera and intestinal secretions of infected birds. Chicken inoculated perorally developed the lowest antibody response. Microsporidian spores were not identified in the smears from cloacal swab samples of individual chicken. Intestinal segment cultures of perorally infected chicken cultivated in vitro showed the highest production of specific IgY and IgA antibodies in jejunum segments. In the further course of infection, the colon produced the highest amount of IgA, and the ileum and colon produced the highest amount of IgY.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- Encephalitozoon imunologie fyziologie MeSH
- encephalitozoonóza imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt imunologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin A analýza krev MeSH
- imunoglobulin M analýza krev MeSH
- imunoglobuliny analýza krev MeSH
- kloaka mikrobiologie MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- protilátky fungální krev MeSH
- spory hub izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- IgY MeSH Prohlížeč
- imunoglobulin A MeSH
- imunoglobulin M MeSH
- imunoglobuliny MeSH
- protilátky fungální MeSH
The role of antibodies in the immune response to microsporidiosis was studied using a novel anti-exospore monoclonal antibody (MAb) P5/H1, which recognizes surface antigens of Encephalitozoon cuniculi. The effect of the MAb on microsporidial infection in vivo was to prolong the survival of previously CD4+ reconstituted, perorally infected and intraperitoneally MAb-treated SCID mice. The MAb decreased the numbers of E. cuniculi spores in peritoneal smears obtained post mortem. These results suggest a possible role for antibodies in protection against perorally acquired E. cuniculi infection.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- Encephalitozoon cuniculi imunologie MeSH
- encephalitozoonóza imunologie terapie MeSH
- imunoterapie metody MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky imunologie farmakologie MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši SCID MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- spory hub imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
The possible role of humoral antibodies in the immune response to microsporidiosis was studied using a novel anti-exospore monoclonal antibody (MAb) P5/H1 which recognised Encephalitozoon cuniculi. The effect of the P5/H1 MAb on microsporidial growth in vitro resulted in a reduction of the numbers of E. cuniculi spores in a Vero E6 cell-line culture. This reduction in the number of infected cells and the decrease of intracellular spores in infected cells was found when MAb P5/H1 was present in cultures, compared to cultures with an irrelevant isotype control MAb. Moreover, the presence of P5/H1 MAb increased the number of phagocytosed spores in macrophage cultures, and increased the activation of macrophages measured by nitrite oxide production. These results suggest a possible partial role of specific humoral antibodies in the protection against E. cuniculi infection.
- MeSH
- antigeny protozoální imunologie MeSH
- Cercopithecus aethiops MeSH
- Encephalitozoon cuniculi imunologie fyziologie MeSH
- interferon gama metabolismus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- makrofágy MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky imunologie MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- protilátky protozoální imunologie MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- specificita protilátek MeSH
- spory protozoální imunologie fyziologie MeSH
- Vero buňky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny protozoální MeSH
- interferon gama MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- protilátky protozoální MeSH
A total of 55 domestic cats (Felis catus f. domestica) and one wild (Bengal) cat (Prionaluirus bengalensis) from the Vientiane Province, central Laos, were examined for helminth parasites with emphasis given to potential human parasites. The following species were found (parasites infective to man marked with an asterisk): Opisthorchis viverrini, Haplorchis pumilio, H. taichui, H. yokogawai, Stellantchasmus falcatus (Digenea); Spirometra sp., Dipylidium caninum, Taenia taeniaeformis (Cestoda); Capillariidae gen. sp., Toxocara canis, T. cali, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, A. tubaeforme, Gnathostoma spinigerum, Physaloptera preputialis (Nematoda); and Oncicola sp. (Acanthocephala). This study demonstrated that examination of cats may provide useful data on the occurrence of helminths which are potential causative agents of human diseases.
- MeSH
- cizopasní červi klasifikace izolace a purifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- divoká zvířata MeSH
- helmintóza epidemiologie přenos MeSH
- helmintózy zvířat epidemiologie parazitologie přenos MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata MeSH
- hustota populace MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- nemoci koček epidemiologie parazitologie přenos MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- zdroje nemoci MeSH
- zoonózy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Laos epidemiologie MeSH
This study involved the comparison of suitability of different methods for routine diagnostics of Cryptosporidium spp. Two staining methods, one concentration-sedimentation method, seven concentration-floatation methods and one combined floatation-sedimentation method were compared. The methods were tested with two concentrations (1 x 10(5) and 1 x 10(6)/g) of C. parvum and C. andersoni. The methods were evaluated using light microscope, magnification 400x for concentration methods and 1000x for stained samples respectively. Specificity of both staining methods was 95-100%. Ziehl-Neelsen with P < 0.01 is more suitable for identification of C. andersoni and modified Milácek-Vítovec with P < 0.01 for identification of C. parvum. Concerning specificity and sensitivity, the floatation-concentration method by Sheather was found to provide the best results of all selected methods. The merthiolate iodine formaldehyde concentration (MIFC) method was the least specific one. The least suitable method concerning sensitivity and costs was the floatation method with caesium chloride (CsCl) with a specificity of 29%.
- MeSH
- barvení a značení normy veterinární MeSH
- Cryptosporidium parvum izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Cryptosporidium izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- kryptosporidióza diagnóza veterinární MeSH
- mlékárenství MeSH
- nemoci skotu diagnóza parazitologie MeSH
- parazitologie metody MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
In Czech raw water sources for drinking water supply, Cryptosporidium was found in numbers from 0 to 7400 per 100 liters and Giardia from 0 to 485 per 100 liters. The summer floods of 1997 probably brought the highest numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts into one of the reservoirs sampled; since then these numbers decreased steadily. A relatively high number of Cryptosporidium oocysts was found in one sample of treated water. Repeated sampling demonstrated that this was a sporadic event. The reason for the presence of Cryptosporidium in a sample of treated drinking-water is unclear and requires further study.
- MeSH
- Cryptosporidium izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Giardia izolace a purifikace MeSH
- giardiáza přenos MeSH
- kryptosporidióza přenos MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologie vody * MeSH
- počet parazitárních vajíček MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- zásobování vodou * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The production of three cytokines, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 12 (IL-12), was measured after intraperitoneal infection of immunocompetent Balb/c mice and immunodeficient SCID mice with the microsporidian, Encephalitozoon cuniculi Levaditi, Nicolau et Schoen, 1923. High levels of IFN-gamma were detected in ex vivo cultures of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) of Balb/c mice, a lower, but earlier IFN-gamma response was observed in PEC from SCID mice. The early IL-10 response was detected in ex vivo cultures of splenocytes from Balb/c but not from SCID mice, explaining a delay in the IFN-gamma response in Balb/c mice. IL-12 was detected in PEC cultures from SCID mice, indicating an alternative pathway of IFN-gamma production by NK cells stimulated by IL-12 derived from macrophages.
- MeSH
- Cercopithecus aethiops MeSH
- cytokiny biosyntéza krev MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- Encephalitozoon cuniculi imunologie patogenita MeSH
- encephalitozoonóza imunologie MeSH
- injekce intraperitoneální MeSH
- interferon gama biosyntéza MeSH
- interleukin-10 biosyntéza MeSH
- interleukin-12 biosyntéza MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši SCID MeSH
- myši MeSH
- peritoneální makrofágy imunologie MeSH
- Vero buňky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cytokiny MeSH
- interferon gama MeSH
- interleukin-10 MeSH
- interleukin-12 MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
