The normotensive (Wistar) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were examined to assess the response of the organism to selenium (Se) overdose. Moreover, the effect of zinc (Zn) and vitamin E, i.e. dietary components interacting in many biochemical processes with Se, on the Se uptake was evaluated. The control group was fed an untreated diet, and the diets of two other groups were overdosed with Se in the form of sodium selenite (9 mg/kg) and supplemented with Zn (13 mg/kg). Two experimental groups were fed a diet supplemented with Zn (13 mg/kg) and Se at an adequate level (0.009 mg/kg); a half of the animals was supplemented with vitamin E. The results showed significant differences in the Se contents between the rat strains in case of Se-overdosed groups, where in the liver and kidney tissue Se contents of SHR rats exceeded 3- and 7-fold the normotensive ones. The Se uptake was altered by the vitamin E; no effect of Zn was observed. Activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined in the animal tissues indicating different patterns according to rat strain, tissue analysed, and administered Se dose. Thus, Se overdose, for instance, via an incorrectly prepared dietary supplement, can result in serious imbalances of the biochemical status of the animals.
- Klíčová slova
- Rattus norvegicus, biochemical parameters, selenium, vitamin E, zinc,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
- potkani inbrední WKY MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- předávkování léky farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- selen aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- stopové prvky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- vitamin E aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- zinek aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- selen MeSH
- stopové prvky MeSH
- vitamin E MeSH
- zinek MeSH
UNLABELLED: Oxidative and carbonyl stress may, on one hand, contribute to the progression of cancer, on the other hand, they may have some antiproliferative effects. We examined serum levels of AGEs (advanced glycation end-products), CML (carboxymethyllysine) and AOPP (advanced oxidation protein products) in 86 patients with breast cancer subdivided based on the clinical stage (TNM classification), histologic grading, expression of hormonal and C-erb B2 receptors and in 14 healthy age-matched women as controls. Breast cancer patients had higher serum concentrations of AGEs (325,581 +/- 66,037 vs. 271,322 +/- 34,826 AU, p < 0.01) even in the early stage of the disease; patients with advanced breast cancer (stage III and IV) had significantly higher both AGEs and AOPP (113.0 +/- 44.9 vs. 78.1 +/- 28.4 micromol/l, p < 0.05) levels, not only compared to controls, but also compared to stages I and II. Serum levels of AOPP were higher in patients having only weakly positive expression of C-erb 2/Her-neu compared to controls and the patients having the highest C-erb2/Her-neu expression. Serum concentrations of AGEs in patients with breast cancer correlated with the age and also with the serum concentration of AOPP. IN CONCLUSION: breast cancer patients had an early increase of AGEs (marker of the carbonyl stress) followed by further increase of AGEs and elevation of AOPP (marker of oxidative stress) in patients with progressive disease. As the clinical significance of these observations is currently uncertain further studies are clearly warranted, especially with respect to their potential therapeutic implications.
- MeSH
- estrogeny metabolismus MeSH
- karbonylace proteinů * MeSH
- krevní proteiny analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lysin analogy a deriváty krev MeSH
- nádory prsu krev diagnóza terapie MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- oxidační stres * MeSH
- produkty pokročilé glykace krev MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- receptor erbB-2 metabolismus MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- estrogeny MeSH
- krevní proteiny MeSH
- lysin MeSH
- N(6)-carboxymethyllysine MeSH Prohlížeč
- produkty pokročilé glykace MeSH
- receptor erbB-2 MeSH
The speciation of trace elements in serum samples of hemodialysed patients was investigated using on-line connection of SEC and ICP-MS. The 0.02 mol/l TRIS-HCl buffer of pH 7.5 was used as mobile phase. The results of speciation as well as the total concentration data were compared with those of control group of healthy person. Alterations of total concentration were observed in case of selenium and zinc only. Iron was present in form of transferrin and ferritin, main amount of copper was bound to ceruloplasmin and selenium compounds were identified as selenoproteine P and glutathione peroxidase. The latter compound was detected in samples of control group only. The chromatograms of the other elements were similar and no substantial changes between both investigated groups were observed.
- MeSH
- dialýza ledvin * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měď krev MeSH
- selen krev MeSH
- stopové prvky krev MeSH
- železo krev MeSH
- zinek krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- měď MeSH
- selen MeSH
- stopové prvky MeSH
- železo MeSH
- zinek MeSH
ICP-mass spectrometer Perkin Elmer Elan 6000 was adapted for ETV analysis by coupling with GBC GF 3000 graphite furnace atomiser. Both instruments were connected by a 25 cm long PTFE tubing of 6 mm i.d. and a custom-made interface. The apparatus was applied to nickel determination using isotope dilution technique. The efficiency of analyte transfer through the interface was approximately 20%, however the incomplete transfer did not influence the blank values. Measured isotope ratio was very stable, whereas the magnitude of ion signal showed a little shift. CRM samples were analysed after microwave decomposition and by slurry technique as well. Obtained results were compared with those of pneumatic sample nebulisation after nickel separation on Chelex column. All tested techniques gave accurate results with comparable precision. However, the slurry technique allowed significant decreasing of the blank values and the limit of detection. The duration of analysis run can also be substantially shortened from several hours to a few minutes.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Determination of zinc involved spiking with (68)Zn enriched solution, digestion by HNO(3)+H(2)O(2) in microwave decomposition unit, off-line separation of zinc on Chelex-100 column and measurement of ((64)Zn+(66)Zn)/(68)Zn isotope ratio on ICP-MS spectrometer with a quadrupole mass filter. After optimization of standard operation procedure (details are given) the method was validated. LOD was found to be 0.3 mug g(-1) for the procedure without zinc separation and 3.6 mug g(-1) for the procedure involving zinc separation, respectively. The accuracy of results was proved by analyses of several CRM and a primary solution of zinc, the concentration of which was verified by gravimetry and complexometric titration. Barium is the only element causing serious interferences and it must be removed from samples. The uncertainty budget is given together with the scheme of combined uncertainty calculation. The main uncertainty components are contamination during zinc separation and uncertainty of isotopic composition of natural zinc.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Alcohol-induced oxidative stress is linked to the metabolism of ethanol. Three metabolic pathways of ethanol have been described in the human body so far. They involve the following enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase, microsomal ethanol oxidation system (MEOS) and catalase. Each of these pathways could produce free radicals which affect the antioxidant system. Ethanol per se, hyperlactacidemia and elevated NADH increase xanthine oxidase activity, which results in the production of superoxide. Lipid peroxidation and superoxide production correlate with the amount of cytochrome P450 2E1. MEOS aggravates the oxidative stress directly as well as indirectly by impairing the defense systems. Hydroxyethyl radicals are probably involved in the alkylation of hepatic proteins. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the key factors contributing to the vessel wall homeostasis, an important mediator of the vascular tone and neuronal transduction, and has cytotoxic effects. Stable metabolites--nitrites and nitrates--were increased in alcoholics (34.3 +/- 2.6 vs. 22.7 +/- 1.2 micromol/l, p < 0.001). High NO concentration could be discussed for its excitotoxicity and may be linked to cytotoxicity in neurons, glia and myelin. Formation of NO has been linked to an increased preference for and tolerance to alcohol in recent studies. Increased NO biosynthesis also via inducible NO synthase (NOS, chronic stimulation) may contribute to platelet and endothelial dysfunctions. Comparison of chronically ethanol-fed rats and controls demonstrates that exposure to ethanol causes a decrease in NADPH diaphorase activity (neuronal NOS) in neurons and fibers of the cerebellar cortex and superior colliculus (stratum griseum superficiale and intermedium) in rats. These changes in the highly organized structure contribute to the motor disturbances, which are associated with alcohol abuse. Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) in alcoholic patients seem to reflect membrane lesions, impairment of immunological reactivity, liver disease progression, and they correlate significantly with the disease severity. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation is supposed to be one of the most important pathogenic mechanisms of atherogenesis, and antibodies against oxidized LDL (oxLDL) are some kind of epiphenomenon of this process. We studied IgG oxLDL and four APA (anticardiolipin, antiphosphatidylserine, antiphosphatidylethanolamine and antiphosphatidylcholine antibodies). The IgG oxLDL (406.4 +/- 52.5 vs. 499.9 +/- 52.5 mU/ml) was not affected in alcoholic patients, but oxLDL was higher (71.6 +/- 4.1 vs. 44.2 +/- 2.7 micromol/l, p < 0.001). The prevalence of studied APA in alcoholics with mildly affected liver function was higher than in controls, but not significantly. On the contrary, changes of autoantibodies to IgG oxLDL revealed a wide range of IgG oxLDL titers in a healthy population. These parameters do not appear to be very promising for the evaluation of the risk of atherosclerosis. Free radicals increase the oxidative modification of LDL. This is one of the most important mechanisms, which increases cardiovascular risk in chronic alcoholic patients. Important enzymatic antioxidant systems - superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase - are decreased in alcoholics. We did not find any changes of serum retinol and tocopherol concentrations in alcoholics, and blood and plasma selenium and copper levels were unchanged as well. Only the zinc concentration was decreased in plasma. It could be related to the impairment of the immune system in alcoholics. Measurement of these parameters in blood compartments does not seem to indicate a possible organ, e.g. liver deficiency.
- MeSH
- alkoholismus krev MeSH
- aminopeptidasy krev MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- autoprotilátky krev účinky léků MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ethanol metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- fosfolipidy imunologie MeSH
- gama-glutamyltransferasa krev účinky léků MeSH
- glutamylaminopeptidasa MeSH
- jaterní testy MeSH
- játra chemie cytologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipoproteiny LDL analýza krev MeSH
- oxid dusnatý metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- poruchy způsobené alkoholem metabolismus MeSH
- stopové prvky krev MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- volné radikály krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- aminopeptidasy MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- autoprotilátky MeSH
- ethanol MeSH
- fosfolipidy MeSH
- gama-glutamyltransferasa MeSH
- glutamylaminopeptidasa MeSH
- lipoproteiny LDL MeSH
- oxid dusnatý MeSH
- oxidized low density lipoprotein MeSH Prohlížeč
- stopové prvky MeSH
- volné radikály MeSH
The concentration of Cu, Se and Zn in whole human blood and plasma was analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Method involved dilution of sample by diluted nitric acid and Triton X-100 and measurement of 65Cu, 77Se and 66Zn intensities. Calibration solutions were spiked by main interferents. In order to evaluate suitability of the method for recognition of alternation of trace elements concentration, the uncertainty of results was estimated. The major part of uncertainty was due to repeatability, the other source (calibration and interferences) were found to be of lesser importance. The resulting uncertainty of concentration of mentioned trace elements is low as compared to between individual variability. Short-term (within day) and long-term (between day) variability of trace elements concentration was investigated and compared with between individual variability too. The time variability was negligible except for Zn concentration. The alternations of trace elements concentration in patients with several renal diseases were investigated. Only in case of patients in end-stage renal disease: hemodialyzed patients and patient treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis the significant alternations were proved.
- MeSH
- dialýza ledvin MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měď krev MeSH
- nemoci ledvin krev terapie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- selen krev MeSH
- zinek krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- měď MeSH
- selen MeSH
- zinek MeSH
For human beings trace elements are essential nutrients with a gamut of functions. They are for instance indispensable components of many enzymes, so they have some regulatory functions and they may affect immune reactions and free radical generation. Abnormalities of trace elements are primarily the result of uremia, and they may be further modified and sometimes greatly exacerbated by the dialysis procedure. The role of trace elements in hemodialysis (HD) patients has not yet been fully characterized. To prevent some complications in chronic HD patients, it is very important to regulate the levels of trace elements by adequate water treatment. Reverse osmosis is able to prevent the accumulation of the majority of trace elements in the patients. Zinc supplementation may be recommended for patients with proven zinc deficiency, but for all chronic renal failure patients it is questionable. Selenium deficiency is to be suspected in dialyzed patients and selenium supplementation may be beneficial (increasing glutathione peroxidase activity, cardioprotective effect, immunostimulatory properties) for chronic renal failure patients. Supplementation with a trace element may be indicated when its depletion was unequivocally documented and when there is evidence of the positive effects of this element on the quality of life of the dialyzed patients.
- MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické metody MeSH
- chronické selhání ledvin metabolismus terapie MeSH
- dialýza ledvin škodlivé účinky přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- difuze MeSH
- hemodialyzační roztoky analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- kontinuální ambulantní peritoneální dialýza škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měď nedostatek fyziologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- metaloproteiny fyziologie MeSH
- selen nedostatek fyziologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- zinek nedostatek fyziologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hemodialyzační roztoky MeSH
- měď MeSH
- metaloproteiny MeSH
- selen MeSH
- stopové prvky MeSH
- zinek MeSH
For human beings trace elements are essential nutrients with a gamut of functions. They are for instance indispensable components of many enzymes, so they have some regulatory functions and they may affect immune reactions and free radical generation. Altered blood levels of different trace elements have been described in patients with advanced renal failure and especially in those treated by different kinds of renal replacement therapy. Altered renal function may result in impaired renal excretion of trace elements and their accumulation or depletion in the body. The dialysate concentrate and water used for preparing the dialysate may be an important source of the accumulation or depletion of trace elements in dialyzed patients. The gain or loss of trace elements during dialysis depends on the gradient between the ultrafiltrable fraction of a particular element in serum and its concentration in the dialysis fluid, and also on the type and permeability of the dialysis membrane. There are some methodological problems concerning the handling and storing of blood samples and measurement techniques leading to the rather inconsistent results of different studies concerning trace elements in renal disease. Geographical variations and environmental contamination of soil and water and different dietary habits may significantly influence trace elements in these patients. The abnormalities of trace elements are primarily the result of uremia, and they may be further modified and sometimes greatly exacerbated by the dialysis procedure.
- MeSH
- artefakty MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické metody MeSH
- chronické selhání ledvin metabolismus terapie MeSH
- dialýza ledvin přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- difuze MeSH
- flebotomie přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- hemodialyzační roztoky analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stopové prvky aplikace a dávkování analýza metabolismus farmakokinetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- hemodialyzační roztoky MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- stopové prvky MeSH
Binding of lead (as lead acetate) to collagen type I alpha, and alpha2 chains, collagen type V and a large cyanogen bromide fragment of type I collagen [alpha2(I)CB(3,5)] was investigated by the large-zone Hummel-Dreyer method. It was demonstrated that two categories of binding sites exist in the collagen molecule, the number of which correlates rather well with the available aspartic and glutamic acid residues. Similar results were obtained for all collagen chains (fragments) used. The number of sites thus obtained was compared with the cross-striation pattern (reflecting areas where lead is bound) of the SLS form of collagen type I (alpha1 chain); it is suggested that the number of bands seen in the SLS form reflects primarily the number of available aspartic acid residues in the molecule. The association constants obtained are comparable with the low affinity interactions seen e.g., between Cu and bovine serum albumin.
