Globally, many developing countries are facing silent epidemics of nutritional deficiencies in human beings and animals. The lack of diversity in diet, i.e., cereal-based crops deficient in mineral nutrients is an additional threat to nutritional quality. The present review accounts for the significance of biofortification as a process to enhance the productivity of crops and also an agricultural solution to address the issues of nutritional security. In this endeavor, different innovative and specific biofortification approaches have been discussed for nutrient enrichment of field crops including cereals, pulses, oilseeds and fodder crops. The agronomic approach increases the micronutrient density in crops with soil and foliar application of fertilizers including amendments. The biofortification through conventional breeding approach includes the selection of efficient genotypes, practicing crossing of plants with desirable nutritional traits without sacrificing agricultural and economic productivity. However, the transgenic/biotechnological approach involves the synthesis of transgenes for micronutrient re-translocation between tissues to enhance their bioavailability. Soil microorganisms enhance nutrient content in the rhizosphere through diverse mechanisms such as synthesis, mobilization, transformations and siderophore production which accumulate more minerals in plants. Different sources of micronutrients viz. mineral solutions, chelates and nanoparticles play a pivotal role in the process of biofortification as it regulates the absorption rates and mechanisms in plants. Apart from the quality parameters, biofortification also improved the crop yield to alleviate hidden hunger thus proving to be a sustainable and cost-effective approach. Thus, this review article conveys a message for researchers about the adequate potential of biofortification to increase crop productivity and nourish the crop with additional nutrient content to provide food security and nutritional quality to humans and livestock.
- Klíčová slova
- agronomic biofortification, gene modification, green technology, mineral dense field crops, nanotechnology, transgenic/biotechnological approach,
- MeSH
- biofortifikace metody MeSH
- biotechnologie MeSH
- celosvětové zdraví MeSH
- fortifikované potraviny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroživiny analýza MeSH
- minerály analýza chemie MeSH
- nanotechnologie MeSH
- nutriční hodnota MeSH
- podvýživa epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- šlechtění rostlin MeSH
- technologie zelené chemie MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zajištění potravin MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny chemie MeSH
- zemědělství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- mikroživiny MeSH
- minerály MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
- půda MeSH
Microorganisms develop biofilms on indwelling medical devices and are associated with biofilm-related infections, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Therefore, to prevent and control biofilm-associated infections, the present study was designed to assess the anti-biofilm potential of postbiotics derived from probiotic organisms against most prevalent biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Eighty lactic acid bacteria isolated from eight neonatal fecal samples possessed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa PAO1. Among these, only four lactic acid bacteria produced both bacteriocin and exopolysaccharides but only one isolate was found to maximally attenuate the P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm. More specifically, the phenotypic and probiotic characterization showed that the isolated lactic acid bacteria were gram positive, non-motile, and catalase and oxidase negative; tolerated acidic and alkaline pH; has bile salt concentration; showed 53% hydrophobicity; and was found to be non-hemolytic. Phylogenetically, the organism was found to be probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum with accession no. KT998657. Interestingly, pre-coating of a microtiter plate either with bacteriocin or with exopolysaccharides as well as their combination significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of viable cells forming biofilms to 41.7% compared with simultaneous coating of postbiotics that had 72.4% biofilm-forming viable cells as observed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Therefore, it can be anticipated that postbiotics as the natural biointerventions can be employed as the prophylactic agents for medical devices used to treat gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální polysacharidy metabolismus MeSH
- bakteriociny metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- Lactobacillales chemie genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- probiotika metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků genetika fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- bakteriální polysacharidy MeSH
- bakteriociny MeSH
Twenty-eight isolates of Trichoderma belonging to four different species were screened in vitro for their antagonistic ability against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi causing carnation wilt. Three different levels of antagonism observed in dual plate assay were further confirmed by cell-free culture filtrate experiments. Isolates showing class I level of antagonism produced maximum lytic enzymes, chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases. Genetic variability of 25 selected isolates was assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA technique and the amplified products were correlated for their level of antagonism. Unweighed pair-group method with arithmetical averages cluster analysis revealed prominent inter-and intraspecific genetic variation among the isolates. Based on their genetic relationship, the isolates were mainly distributed into 3 major groups representing T. atroviride, T. pseudokoningii and T. harzianum, with 20-35% interspecific dissimilarity. However, the polymorphism shown by the isolates did not correlate to their level of antagonism.
- MeSH
- antibióza * MeSH
- chitinasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fungální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Fusarium fyziologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Trichoderma klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chitinasy MeSH
- fungální proteiny MeSH
