The methanogenic activity in the presence of Entodinium caudatum and Epidinium ecaudatum was well preserved after long-term cultivation. Microscopic observation revealed that methane production in the presence of E. caudatum was probably caused by their intracellular methanogenic activity, while methane production in the presence of E. ecaudatum f caudatum et ecaudatum could be attributed to both the methanogenic bacterial fraction of their external surface and their intracellular activity. Methane production per protozoan cell of E. caudatum and E. ecaudatum was 2.1 nmol per cell per d and 6.0 nmol per cell per d, respectively. E. caudatum was responsible for almost the entire methane production in the culture. The activity of free methanogens constituted approximately 50% of the total methane production in the E. ecaudatum culture. Decrease of digestibility of substrates and differences in the fermentation end products accompanied the inhibition of methanogenesis in both cultures by penicillin G, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, 2-bromoethanesulfonate, and pyromellitic diimide. E. caudatum appeared to be more sensitive than E. ecaudatum to the compounds tested. Hydrogen recoveries based on both volatile fatty acids and methane production suggested that the methanogenic population appeared not to be fully able to consume hydrogen produced in the protozoan cultures. The culture conditions tested were found to be suitable for experiments on the relationship between rumen ciliates and rumen bacteria.
- MeSH
- bachor parazitologie MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- Ciliophora růst a vývoj metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- Euryarchaeota metabolismus MeSH
- kultivační média chemie MeSH
- methan metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kultivační média MeSH
- methan MeSH
The effect of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), syringic acid (SYA) and yeast culture (YS) on rumen fermentation in vitro has been investigated. Meadow hay was used as a substrate and rumen fluid as an inocula. The yeast culture Levucel contained 5x10(8) yeast cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae per 1 g of dry matter and was used in the amount of 0.5 g/l of the medium. The following combinations of additives were used: hay without additive, hay + YS, hay with 1, 5 or 10 mmol HBA or SYA, and hay + YS with 1, 5 or 10 mmol HBA or SYA. The test tubes were incubated for 96 hours at 39 degrees C. The results showed that 1 mmol HBA had a significant effect on yeast efficacy. This was manifested in the increased degradability of hay dry matter (P <0.05) and enhanced total gas production (P<0.05). SYA in the same amount combined with yeast had a similar effect on gas production (P<0.05), but hay dry matter degradability was not affected. The results showed a slight effect of phenolic acids and yeast culture on hay rumen fermentation in vitro.
- MeSH
- bachor účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- fermentace účinky léků MeSH
- kultivační média speciální MeSH
- kyselina gallová analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- parabeny farmakologie MeSH
- probiotika MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolismus MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- tělesné tekutiny metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 4-hydroxybenzoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- kultivační média speciální MeSH
- kyselina gallová MeSH
- parabeny MeSH
- syringic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
The experiment was carried out with three groups, each consisting of six adult sheep of the Merino breed weighing 40-45 kg, fed with the diet composed of 1 kg of meadow hay and an addition of 0.2 kg of barley meal for 3 weeks before the experiment. The first group - the control - was provided the natural supply 0.09 mg Cd/kg DM of the diet, the supply of Ist experimental group was increased by 5 mg Cd/kg DM and of the IInd experimental group by 10 mg Cd/kg of diet DM in the form of sulphate. The influence of mentioned cadmium doses on levels of volatile fatty acids, their energetic yield and proportion of their energy and energy of methane and bacterial mass from the energy of fermented feed hexose, as well as the total number of infusoria and number of infusoria of Entodinium sp. in the ruminal fluid of sheep with an increased supply of cadmium were examined during seven weeks. In addition to that cadmium contents in the liver, kidneys, muscles, excrements and ruminal fluid was investigated. Obtained results indicate that yet a lower supply of cadmium amounting to 5 mg and 10 mg/kg DM of the sheep diet, had significant negative influence (Tab. I) on the production of isobutiric acid in rumen fluids and decreased significantly (Tab. III) the total counts of infusoria and number of Entodinium sp. infusoria in the rumen fluids of sheep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- bachor metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- fermentace účinky léků MeSH
- kadmium farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- ovce metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kadmium MeSH
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of defaunation on the fermentation of two different diets consisting of hay (100%) and hay+barley (80% + +20%) in a rumen pouch (RUSITEC). The survival and composition of protozoa were investigated in an in vitro system in control vessels where no defaunation was carried out. Defaunation decreased the production of total volatile fatty acids (P < < 0.01), acetate, butyrate (P < 0.001)--Tab. II; dry matter digestibility (P < 0.05) and detergent fibre digestibility: acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), cellulose (P < 0.001), hemicellulose (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) in our experiment (Tab. I). These parameters also decreased: production of CH4 (P < 0.001), CO2 (P < 0.01 for the barley diet), total production of gases (P < 0.001 for the barley diet), total utilization (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) and recovery of H2 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively), NH3-N in effluent (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively)--Tab. III; and production of ATP (P < 0.01)--Tab. IV, as a result of fermentation in our experiment. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the following parameters: production of propionate (P < 0.001 for the barley diet)--Tab. II; microbial nitrogen/kg of organic matter fermented--OMF (P < 0.001), Tab. III; energy yield--E of volatile fatty acids (VFA), proportion of VFA energy with respect to fermented hexose energy--E1, proportion of energy in bacterial cells with respect to fermented hexose energy--E3 (P < 0.001) and the effectiveness of microbial proteosynthesis--YATP (P < 0.001), Tab. IV, as a result of defaunation. The total number of protozoa and the number of some species, especially the number of big entodinio-morphid protozoa, were markedly higher (p < 0.001) for the barley diet--Tab. V. The number of protozoa decreased rapidly within three days after the system initiation. Later on, the values were more or less steady.
- MeSH
- bachor mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- fermentace * MeSH
- modely strukturální MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The effects of an addition of copper, cobalt, and copper + cobalt on the in vitro digestibility of hay, treated beech sawdust and cellulose by the rumen fluid of sheep fed a complete food ration, complete food ration with 15% treated beech sawdust and a diet consisting of 80% hay and 20% barley were investigated, respectively. The rumen fluid obtained from animals fed a complete food ration showed the significantly higher digestibility of hay (Tab. I) when Cu (P less than 0.05), Co, or Cu + Co (P less than 0.001) had been added into the rumen. The cellulose digestibility increased only after Co application (P less than 0.05). The microelements supplementation in all three forms had a very significant effect on the digestibility of treated beech sawdust by the rumen fluid of sheep fed a diet with 15% sawdust content, although the initial digestibility by the rumen fluid in the control animals (without microelements) was only 44.9%. A similar trend was also observed in the cellulose digestibility, but after Co application this increase was not significant. The rumen fluid of animals fed hay (80%) and barley (20%) showed the highest digestibility. The digestibility of sawdust reached 60% and the of cellulose 95.9% without microelements supplementation (control). In this case the effect of microelement supplementation on the sawdust digestibility was manifested only in the case of cobalt by the digestibility decrease (P less than 0.001). The cellulose digestibility also decreased after administration of Cu (P less than 0.01) and Co (P less than 0.05). The Cu + Co supplementation did not influence its digestibility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- kobalt farmakologie MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata * MeSH
- měď farmakologie MeSH
- ovce fyziologie MeSH
- trávení účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kobalt MeSH
- měď MeSH
An experiment was treated to investigate the effects of an extract of conditioned beech sawdust (80% methanol extraction) on the in vitro digestion of cellulose and on the digestion of hay and wheat bran diet (80 to 20%) in a artificial rumen (Rusitec). The addition of 10, 25, 50, 75 mg of extract to 0.25 g cellulose reduced significantly its digestibility from 94.5 to 92.9%; 90.4; 85.2; 82.1 and 80.1%, respectively. The addition of 0.6, 1.5 and 3.0 g of extract to 14 g diet DM in Rusitec decreased the digestibility from 49.6 to 41.8%. Gas (CO2, H2, CH4) production increased as well as the production of total volatile fatty acids: acetic, propionic, n-butyric and isobutyric, glucose utilization and ATP production were also better. The addition of extracts did not influence significantly the effectiveness of microbial proteosynthesis (YATP). The methanol extract of conditioned beech sawdust contained reducing sugars (saccharides), besides the phenolic substances (syringaldehyde and vanillin); these sugars influenced diet fermentation in Rusitec.
- MeSH
- bachor fyziologie MeSH
- dřevo MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata * MeSH
- methanol MeSH
- ovce fyziologie MeSH
- trávení * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- methanol MeSH
The fermentation equipment RUSITEC (Rumen Simulation Technique) is a simplified model of the rumen which stimulates the conditions inside the rumen, enables to keep the normal microbial population of the rumen for a long time under strictly controllable conditions, and enables a permanent monitoring of fermentation processes. Trials were conducted to see whether this model of "artificial rumen" can be used to determine the nutritive value of untreated beech sawdust and beech sawdust treated hydrobarothermically at the pressure of 1.4 MPa and impregnated with 1% H2SO4. The digestibility of the dry matter and fibre components was higher in the treated beech sawdust than in the untreated sawdust. In both reaction vessels, the amounts of acetic, propionic and butyric acids as well as the total VFA, were higher during the fermentation of treated beech sawdust, as compared with the diet with raw beech sawdust. The increased output of VFA, especially the acetic and butyric acids, resulted in a proportional increase in the output of gases, especially carbon dioxide and methane, as compared with the production of gases in rumens digesting untreated beech sawdust. In comparison with other in-vitro methods, this model of fermentation equipment characterizes the nutritive values of various kinds of feed in a more thorough way: using this equipment, the simulation technique has proceeded much closer to reality.
- MeSH
- bachor fyziologie MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- modely strukturální * MeSH
- přežvýkavci fyziologie MeSH
- trávení * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The influence of citronellylseneciate on the digestibility of nutrients and energy, as well as on the level of some rumen and blood metabolites, was studied in feed rations for rams. Citronellylseneciate was not found to have a significant influence on the digestibility of nutrients and energy and nitrogen balance in feed ration. Neither did citronellylseneciate influence the production of total volatile fatty acids and the molar percent of acetic, propionic and n-butyric acids. The addition of citronellylseneciate to feed ration resulted in a decrease in the pH value in rumen and in a non-significant increase in ammonia in rumen and urea in blood. The hematological profile showed increased levels of phosphorus and glutamate-oxalate transferase.
- MeSH
- bachor metabolismus MeSH
- butyráty farmakologie MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
- krotonáty farmakologie MeSH
- monoterpeny * MeSH
- ovce metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- přijímání potravy účinky léků MeSH
- terpeny farmakologie MeSH
- trávení účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- butyráty MeSH
- citronellyl seneciate MeSH Prohlížeč
- krotonáty MeSH
- monoterpeny * MeSH
- terpeny MeSH
In a trial with wethers and goats the effect of non-conditioned beech sawdust (NBS) was studied as exerted on ammonia concentration, total VFA concentration, molar VFA percentage, energetic yield of VFA production, on the acetate : propionate ratio in rumen contents, and on urea concentration in blood. NBS was used in diets to replace bulk forage. The proportions of NBS in diets were 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% (replacing hay). The results of the trials show that the administration of the different diets did not affect the concentration of ammonia and total VFA in the rumen content and the concentration of urea in blood. Goats showed an insignificant increase in the molar percentage of acetic acid, a decrease in the molar percentage of propionic acid and n-butyric acid when diets with gradated NBS proportions were administered, as well as an insignificant increase in the acetate : propionate ratio and a decrease in the energetic yield of VFA. In wethers the values of propionic and n-butyric acid were highly variable, which implied variation also in the acetate : propionate ration or in the energetic yield of VFA in the administration of different diets.
- MeSH
- amoniak analýza MeSH
- bachor fyziologie MeSH
- dřevo MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- kozy fyziologie MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata * MeSH
- kyseliny mastné těkavé analýza MeSH
- ovce fyziologie MeSH
- potravní vláknina * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- amoniak MeSH
- kyseliny mastné těkavé MeSH
- potravní vláknina * MeSH
The determination of the nutritive value of various secondary wood products was conducted by the method of the in-vitro digestibility of dry matter (Mellenberger et al., 1970) and by detergent analyses of fibre (Goering and Van Soest, 1970). Rumen contents for trials in vitro were obtained from adult wethers having a permanent rumen fistula and fed good meadow hay ad lib. The animals also had free access to water and mineral lick for sheep. Out of the 11 lignocellulose materials tested, digestibility in vitro higher than 60% (equivalent to the digestibility of high-quality meadow hay) was only found in three samples. These are: a) beech sawdust II treated with 0.1M sulphuric acid at the hydromodulus of 1:8, temperature 100 to 130 degrees C for two hours, and pressure of 0.25 MPa and then with 0.47M nitric acid at the hydromodulus of 1:13, temperature 100 degrees C for two hours and pressure of 0.25 MPa; b) beech sawdust III treated as beech sawdust II and then neutralized with ammonia to pH 8; c) aspen sawdust treated hydrobarothermically at a temperature of 280 degrees C and pressure of 7 MPa in saturated vapour medium (Canon system). The high digestibility of these samples was due to a low lignin content so that the polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicelluloses) of these secondary wood sources could be sufficiently utilized by rumen microflora.
