The main objective of this study was to determine how rat tapeworms affect the excretion of zinc and cadmium through rat feces. Male rats (Rattus norvegicus var. alba) were divided into four groups, and the experiment was conducted over a 6-week period. The control groups (00; 0T) were provided with a standard ST-1 rodent mixture and received 10.5 mg of Zn/week. Groups P0 and PT were fed a mixture supplemented with the hyperaccumulating plant Arabidopsis halleri at a dosage of 123 mg Zn/week and 2.46 mg Cd/week. Groups 0T and PT were infected with the rat tapeworm (Hymenolepis diminuta). Fecal samples were collected 24 h post exposure. Zinc and cadmium concentrations in rat feces were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Tapeworm presence decreased the amount of metals excreted through the feces of the host throughout the entire experiment, with the exception of 1 week (control group). No statistically significant differences between zinc excretion rates in the control groups (00 and 0T) were detected at any time throughout the experiment. A statistically significant difference between zinc excretion rates (p < 0.05) in the exposed groups (P0 and PT) was detected in 2 of the 6 monitored weeks. Group PT excreted significantly less cadmium (p < 0.01) than group P0 did in three of the 6 weeks. Overall, our results indicate that tapeworms are able to influence the excretion of metals by their host. Tapeworms accumulate metals from intestinal contents. It is not clear whether tapeworms carry out this process before the host tissues absorb the metals from the intestines or the tapeworms accumulate metals excreted from the body of the host back to the intestines. Most likely, it is a combination of both phenomena.

• Klíčová slova
• Cadmium, Excretion, Feces, Hyperaccumulators, Rat, Tapeworm, Zinc,
• MeSH
• cestodózy metabolismus   MeSH
• feces chemie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální obsah chemie   MeSH
• Hymenolepis diminuta metabolismus   MeSH
• kadmium farmakokinetika   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakokinetika   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• zinek farmakokinetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kadmium MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• zinek MeSH

Yeasts Cryptococcus humicola accumulated cadmium, cobalt, and iron (~ 50, 17, and 4% of the content in the medium, respectively) from the medium containing glucose, phosphate, and 2 mmol/L of metal salts. The effects of metal absorption on the levels of orthophosphate (Pi) and inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) varied for the metals under study. The levels of Pi and polyP increased in the case of cadmium and cobalt, respectively. In the case of iron, no changes in the levels of Pi and polyP were observed. Multiple DAPI-stained polyP inclusions were observed in the cytoplasm of cadmium-containing cells. The intensity of DAPI staining of the cell wall especially increased in case of cobalt and iron accumulation.

• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• Cryptococcus metabolismus   MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   MeSH
• kadmium chemie   metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• kobalt chemie   metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• polyfosfáty chemie   metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• sorpční detoxikace MeSH
• železo chemie   metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dusík MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• kobalt MeSH
• polyfosfáty MeSH
• železo MeSH

Responses of Scenedesmus quadricauda grown in vitro and differing in age (old culture-13 months, young culture-1 month) to short-term cadmium (Cd) or nickel (Ni) excess (24h) were compared. Higher age of the culture led to lower amount of chlorophylls, ascorbic acid and glutathione but higher signal of ROS. Surprisingly, sucrose was detected using DART-Orbitrap MS in both old and young culture and subsequent quantification confirmed its higher amount (ca. 3-times) in the old culture. Cd affected viability and ROS amount more negatively than Ni that could arise from excessive Cd uptake which was also higher in all treatments than in respective Ni counterparts. Surprisingly, nitric oxide was not extensively different in response to age or metals. Strong induction of phytochelatin 2 is certainly Cd-specific response while Ni also elevated ascorbate content. Krebs cycle acids were more accumulated in the young culture but they were rather elevated in the old culture (citric acid under Ni excess). We conclude that organic solid 'Milieu Bristol' medium we tested is suitable for long-term storage of unicellular green algae (also successfully tested for Coccomyxa sp. and Parachlorella sp.) and the impact of age on metal uptake may be useful for bioremediation purposes.

• Klíčová slova
• Aging, Antioxidants, Confocal microscopy, DART-Orbitrap MS, Oxidative stress,
• MeSH
• fytochelatiny metabolismus   MeSH
• kadmium farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• kyseliny karboxylové metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolom účinky léků   MeSH
• nikl farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• oxid dusnatý metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• Scenedesmus účinky léků   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• sulfhydrylové sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fytochelatiny MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• kyseliny karboxylové MeSH
• nikl MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• sulfhydrylové sloučeniny MeSH

We monitored concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn in acantocephalan parasites (Acanthocephalus lucii) and its final host (Perca fluviatilis). The concentrations in parasites were found to be significantly higher than those found in the muscle, gonads and liver of fish host. The bioaccumulation factor values (BF=C(parasite)/C(host muscle)) were 194, 24.4, 2.2 and 4.7 for Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn, respectively. This suggests a benefit for the host due to the high accumulation of toxic cadmium.

• MeSH
• Acanthocephala chemie   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• kadmium analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• mangan analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• měď analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• okounovití * metabolismus   parazitologie   MeSH
• sladká voda MeSH
• střeva parazitologie   MeSH
• těžké kovy analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• zinek analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• mangan MeSH
• měď MeSH
• těžké kovy MeSH
• zinek MeSH

Although the metabolic and toxicological interactions between essential element selenium (Se) and toxic element cadmium (Cd) have been reported for a long time, the experimental studies explored mostly acute, high-dose interactions. Limited data are available regarding the effects of Se-deficiency on toxicokinetics of cadmium, as well as on the levels of key trace elements--copper, zinc, and iron. In the present study, male and female Wistar weanling rats (n = 40/41) were fed either Se-deficient or Se-adequate diet (<0.06 or 0.14 mg Se per kilogram diet, respectively) for 12 weeks, and from week 9 were drinking water containing 0 or 50 mg Cd/l as cadmium chloride. At the end of the 12-week period, trace element concentrations were estimated by AAS. Selenium-deficient rats of both genders showed significantly lower accumulation of cadmium in the liver, compared to Se-adequate rats. Zinc and iron hepatic levels were not affected by Se-deficiency. However, a significant elevation of copper was found in the liver of Se-deficient rats of both genders. Cadmium supplementation increased zinc and decreased iron hepatic level, regardless of Se status and decreased copper concentration in Se-adequate rats. Se-deficiency was also found to influence the effectiveness of cadmium mobilization in male rats.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chlorid kademnatý metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• dieta * MeSH
• kadmium aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• odstavení MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• selen aplikace a dávkování   nedostatek   metabolismus   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
• stopové prvky metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorid kademnatý MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• selen MeSH
• stopové prvky MeSH

The sorption ability of Candida utilis biomass for cadmium ions with accumulating competence of dried cells and cells in alginate was compared. After an optimization of process conditions (pH 5.5, biomass concentration 1 g/L and c0 50 mg/L), the cadmium sorption capacity of dried yeast biomass was perceptibly higher than that of the other tested adsorbents. Considering the sorption of the dried yeast biomass equal to 100 %, the cells in alginate reached 86 % while native cells showed only 42 %.

• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• algináty MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• Candida chemie   MeSH
• kadmium chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• kyselina glukuronová MeSH
• kyseliny hexuronové MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakokinetika   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• algináty MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• kyselina glukuronová MeSH
• kyseliny hexuronové MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH

The present study was designed to examine the antioxidative effect of curcumin, resveratrol and melatonin pre-treatment on cadmium-induced oxidative damage and cadmium distribution in an experimental model in mice. Male CD mice were treated once daily for 3 days with curcumin (50mg/kg b.w., p.o.), resveratrol (20mg/kg b.w., p.o.) or melatonin (12mg/kg, p.o.), dispersed in 0.5% methylcellulose. One hour after the last dose of antioxidants cadmium chloride was administered (7mg/kg b.w., s.c.) to pre-treated animals and control animals receiving methylcellulose. At 24th h after Cd administration the lipid peroxidation (LP - expressed as malondialdehyde production), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated in liver homogenates. Cadmium concentration was measured in the liver, kidneys, testes and brain by AAS. Cadmium chloride administration to mice induced hepatic lipid peroxidation (to 133%, p<0.001), decreased GSH content (to 65%, p<0.001) and inhibited catalase (to 68%, p<0.001) and GPx activity (to 60%, p<0.001) in the liver. Curcumin, resveratrol and melatonin oral pre-treatment completely prevented the Cd-induced lipid peroxidation and Cd-induced inhibition of GPx hepatic activity. Resveratrol was effective against Cd-induced inhibition of catalase activity (p<0.001). The decrease in hepatic GSH level was not prevented by curcumin, resveratrol or melatonin pre-treatment. In mice treated with antioxidants alone the level of LP, GSH, GPx or CAT was not different from control levels. The pre-treatment with antioxidants did not affect cadmium distribution in the tissues of Cd-intoxicated mice. The results demonstrate that curcumin, resveratrol and melatonin pre-treatment effectively protect against cadmium-induced lipid peroxidation and ameliorate the adverse effect of cadmium on antioxidant status without any reduction in tissue Cd burden.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   MeSH
• glutathion metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny myší MeSH
• játra účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kadmium analýza   farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• katalasa metabolismus   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• kurkumin farmakologie   MeSH
• lékové interakce MeSH
• malondialdehyd metabolismus   MeSH
• melatonin farmakologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• resveratrol MeSH
• stilbeny farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• katalasa MeSH
• kurkumin MeSH
• malondialdehyd MeSH
• melatonin MeSH
• resveratrol MeSH
• stilbeny MeSH

The heavy metal cadmium (Cd(2+)) applied on tobacco roots in the form of cadmium chloride, induced significantly higher levels of DNA damage as measured by the cellular Comet assay than did treatment of isolated root nuclei, analyzed by use of the acellular Comet assay. DNA damage induced by Cd(2+) in roots of a transgenic catalase-deficient tobacco line (CAT1AS) was higher than in wild-type tobacco (SR1) roots. In contrast to treatment with the positive control ethyl methanesulphonate, Cd(2+) induced no significant DNA damage in leaf nuclei, and neither somatic mutations, nor homologous recombination as measured by the GUS genereactivation assay, were observed in leaves. Analysis of the accumulation of cadmium by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry demonstrates that roots accumulate almost 50-fold more cadmium than above-ground parts of the tobacco seedlings. This may explain the absence of Cd(2+) genotoxicity in leaves.

• MeSH
• kadmium farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• kometový test MeSH
• kořeny rostlin účinky léků   MeSH
• listy rostlin účinky léků   MeSH
• mutace účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• poškození DNA * MeSH
• rekombinace genetická účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• spektrální analýza MeSH
• tabák účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kadmium MeSH

Experiments were carried out to monitor the equilibrium distribution of lead, cadmium and copper between an aqueous phase modelling natural water and a solid phase modelling natural sediment, under varying conditions. The aqueous phase was analysed using ETAAS and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), whereas XRD and FTIR were used to study the solid phase. Sorption isotherms at constant pH were measured. Conditional distribution constants were calculated as functions of the pH, the time of equilibration and the amount of solid material. The results obtained stress the need for standardization of the approaches to the study of water-sediment interactions in order to be able to evaluate and compare the extensive data from field measurements and to predict these interactions.

• MeSH
• bentonit metabolismus   MeSH
• geologické sedimenty chemie   MeSH
• kadmium analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• kaolin metabolismus   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• látky znečišťující vodu analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• měď analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• olovo analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bentonit MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• kaolin MeSH
• látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• měď MeSH
• olovo MeSH

Alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA) is an important antioxidant drug with chelating properties. In experiments performed in male mice (CD-1, Charles River) the effects of cadmium on lipid peroxidation (LP), GSH level, the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver homogenates were studied. Mice were injected with CdCl2 x 2.5 H2O at a dose of 40 micromol x kg(-1) s.c. Alpha-LA was administered simultaneously i.p. at the dose corresponding to alpha-LA-to-Cd molar ratio of 5:1. The experiments were completed at 24 h. Cadmium increased LP to 200.7% of controls. This effect was prevented by alpha-LA treatment (p < or = 0.05). GSH level was decreased to 81.7% of controls and it was not affected by alpha-LA. GSH-Px activity diminished by Cd administration was corrected by alpha-LA (p < 0.001). Catalase activity decreased by Cd remained unaffected. The administration of alpha-LA alone enhanced LP and the activity of catalase. As estimated by AAS, Cd content in the liver, the kidneys, the brain and the testes remained unaffected by alpha-LA treatment. In the acute toxicity experiment, the mortality associated with cadmium was decreased by alpha-LA administration. The results suggest that the toxicity of Cd was decreased mainly by the antioxidant activity of alpha-LA rather than by cadmium removal from tissues.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   MeSH
• glutathion metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kadmium antagonisté a inhibitory   farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• kyselina lipoová farmakologie   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• ledviny účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• malondialdehyd metabolismus   MeSH
• mozek účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• testis účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• kyselina lipoová MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• malondialdehyd MeSH