Sea buckthorn (Hippophae L.) is a valuable, multipurpose plant extensively grown in Asia, Europe and Canada. In order to use it in the best way for products of human nutrition, it is necessary to recognize its positive aspects and to eliminate the negative ones. The exceptional value of sea buckthorn can be seen in the presence of both lipophilic antioxidants (mainly carotenoids and tocopherols) and hydrophilic antioxidants (flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, ascorbic acid) in remarkably high quantities. Some of the main nutrients, especially lipids of advantageous fatty acid composition, contribute to nutritional benefits of sea buckthorn products for a consumer as well. This review article focuses, besides the above mentioned compounds and vitamins, also on other important components, such as sugars, sugar derivatives, fibre, organic acids, proteins, amino acids and mineral elements. The article also deals with the effects of sea buckthorn components on the course of non-enzymatic browning of food and in vivo glycation. In addition, sensory perception of sea buckthorn and its constituents from the consumers point of view is discussed.
- Klíčová slova
- Amino acids, Antiglycation, Antioxidants, Ascorbic acid, Carotenoids, Fatty acids, Flavonoids, Hippophae rhamnoides, Sea buckthorn, Sensory, Tocopherols,
- MeSH
- Hippophae * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ovoce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Asie MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
- Kanada MeSH
Bioactive compounds demonstrating antioxidant activity were analyzed in berries and leaves of nine cultivars of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) of various ripening times. Total polyphenols were ranging between 0.70-3.62 g GAE.kg-1 (berries) and 1.88-3.72 g GAE.kg-1 (leaves). Leaves were significantly richer source of total flavonoids (14.40-49.44 mg RE.kg-1) in comparison with berries (0.55-4.11 mg RE.kg-1). Phenolic compounds, carotenoids and vitamins were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detection. The content of vitamin C was 0.98-3.65 g.kg-1 in berries and 22.81-46.32 g.kg-1 in leaves, vitamin E content was 6.98-29.91 g.kg-1 in berries and 71.54-153.99 g.kg-1 in leaves. Distribution of individual phenolic compounds varied, their total content in berries was considerably lower (76.1-205.2 mg.kg-1) than in leaves (1477.7-8709.0 mg.kg-1). Regarding antioxidant activity, Raisa and Slovan (berries) and Bojan and Maslicnaja (leaves) were evaluated as the best cultivars.
- Klíčová slova
- Antioxidant activity, Carotenoids, Catechin (PubChem CID: 9064), Correlation, DPPH (PubChem CID: 2735032), Ellagic acid (PubChem CID: 5281855), HPLC-DAD, Lutein (PubChem CID: 5281243), Lycopene (PubChem CID: 446925), Neochlorogenic acid (PubChem CID: 5280633), Phenolic compounds, Resveratrol (PubChem CID: 445154), Sea buckthorn, Trolox (PubChem CID: 40634), Vitamins, Zeaxanthin (PubChem CID: 5280899), β-carotene (PubChem CID: 5280489),
- MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza chemie MeSH
- fenoly analýza chemie MeSH
- flavonoidy analýza MeSH
- Hippophae chemie fyziologie MeSH
- karotenoidy analýza MeSH
- kyselina askorbová analýza chemie MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- ovoce chemie fyziologie MeSH
- polyfenoly analýza MeSH
- vitamin E analýza chemie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- fenoly MeSH
- flavonoidy MeSH
- karotenoidy MeSH
- kyselina askorbová MeSH
- polyfenoly MeSH
- vitamin E MeSH
The high potential of sea buckthorn, black chokeberry, red and white currants in healthy food industry boosted interest in the plant cultivation. The present study is the first work providing comprehensive information on microbial populations of these berries. Next Generation Sequencing allowed identification of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms prevalent on specific berries, including uncultivable microorganisms. Our study revealed the broad diversity of berries-associated bacterial and fungal microorganisms. Analysis of representative microbial OTUs showed a clear separation among inhabitants of sea buckthorn, black chokeberry and both currants, indicating plant-defined differences in the composition of the bacterial and fungal microbiota. Among the microorganisms distributed on tested berries, we documented potentially beneficial fungi and bacteria along with potential phytopathogens or those harmful for humans. Thus, plant microbiota appears to be highly relevant for the evaluation of the microbiota impact on food quality and human health.
- Klíčová slova
- Black chokeberry, Currant, Microbial ecology, Microbiota, Sea buckthorn,
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- DNA bakterií izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA fungální izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Hippophae mikrobiologie MeSH
- houby klasifikace genetika MeSH
- kvalita jídla MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiota genetika MeSH
- ovoce mikrobiologie MeSH
- Photinia mikrobiologie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- potravinářský průmysl MeSH
- Ribes mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Litva MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA bakterií MeSH
- DNA fungální MeSH
Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a dioecious shrub commonly used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and environmental industry as a source of oil, minerals and vitamins. In this study, we analyzed the transposable elements and satellites in its genome. We carried out Illumina DNA sequencing and reconstructed the main repetitive DNA sequences. For data analysis, we developed a new bioinformatics approach for advanced satellite DNA analysis and showed that about 25% of the genome consists of satellite DNA and about 24% is formed of transposable elements, dominated by Ty3/Gypsy and Ty1/Copia LTR retrotransposons. FISH mapping revealed X chromosome-accumulated, Y chromosome-specific or both sex chromosomes-accumulated satellites but most satellites were found on autosomes. Transposable elements were located mostly in the subtelomeres of all chromosomes. The 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA were localized on one autosomal locus each. Although we demonstrated the small size of the Y chromosome of the seabuckthorn and accumulated satellite DNA there, we were unable to estimate the age and extent of the Y chromosome degeneration. Analysis of dioecious relatives such as Shepherdia would shed more light on the evolution of these sex chromosomes.
- Klíčová slova
- chromosomal localization, genome composition, repetitive DNA, sex chromosomes,
- MeSH
- chromozomy rostlin * MeSH
- DNA rostlinná genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genom rostlinný MeSH
- Hippophae genetika MeSH
- molekulární evoluce MeSH
- pohlavní chromozomy * MeSH
- satelitní DNA * MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA metody MeSH
- transpozibilní elementy DNA * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA rostlinná MeSH
- satelitní DNA * MeSH
- transpozibilní elementy DNA * MeSH
Supercritical fluid extraction represents an efficient and environmentally friendly technique for isolation of phytosterols from different plant sources. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seeds were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide at pressures ranging from 15-60 MPa and temperatures of 40-80 degrees C. Oil and β-sitosterol yields were measured in the extraction course and compared with Soxhlet extraction with hexane. The average yield of β-sitosterol was 0.31 mg/g of seeds. The maximum concentration of β-sitosterol in the extract, 0.5% w/w, was achieved at 15 MPa, 40 degrees C, and a carbon dioxide consumption of 50 g/g of seeds. The extraction rate was maximal at 60 MPa and 40 degrees C. Both β-sitosterol yield and its concentration in the extract obtained with hexane were lower than with carbon dioxide.
- Klíčová slova
- Hippophae rhamnoides L., fractionation in time, sea buckthorn seed, supercritical carbon dioxide, β-sitosterol,
- MeSH
- Hippophae chemie metabolismus MeSH
- oleje rostlin chemie MeSH
- oxid uhličitý chemie MeSH
- semena rostlinná chemie metabolismus MeSH
- sitosteroly analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- superkritická fluidní chromatografie * MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- tlak MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- gamma-sitosterol MeSH Prohlížeč
- oleje rostlin MeSH
- oxid uhličitý MeSH
- sitosteroly MeSH
