Mango processing generates significant amounts of residues (35-65%) that may represent environmental problems owed to improper disposal. The use of mango byproducts as substrates to produce hyaluronic acid (HA) is an attractive alternative to reduce the cost of substrate. In this study, we evaluated the potential of hydrolyzates from mango peels and seeds to produce HA by Streptococcus equi. subsp. zooepidemicus. The physicochemical characterization of mango residues showed that the seeds contain a higher amount of holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose), which amounts 54.2% (w/w) whereas it only represents 15.5% (w/w) in the peels. Mango peels, however, are composed mainly of hot water-extractives (62% w/w, that include sucrose, fructose, glucose and organic acids). A higher concentration of monosaccharides (39.8 g/L) was obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysis (with Macerex) of peels as compared to seeds (24.8 g/L with Celuzyme). From mango peels, hydrolyzates were obtained 0.6 g/L HA, while 0.9 g/L HA were obtained with hydrolyzates from mango seeds. These results demonstrate that mango byproducts have the potential to be used for production of HA.

• Klíčová slova
• Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Enzymatic hydrolyzates, Hyaluronic acid, Mango by-products,
• MeSH
• celulosa metabolismus   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• hydrolýza MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová * biosyntéza   metabolismus   MeSH
• Mangifera * mikrobiologie   chemie   MeSH
• monosacharidy metabolismus   MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   mikrobiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Streptococcus equi * metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• celulosa MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová * MeSH
• monosacharidy MeSH

The liver is a vital organ in human physiology positioned in the upper right quadrant of the peritoneal cavity, which plats a critical role in metabolic processes, detoxification of various substances and overall homeostasis. Along with these critical functions, hepatic diseases impose as significant global health threat. Liver illness is the cause of two million fatalities every year, or 4% of all deaths. Traditionally, healthcare providers have prescribed antibacterial and antiviral medications to address liver illness. Nephrotoxicity is a frequently observed negative reaction to drugs, with the majority of such events happening in individuals who have advanced cirrhosis. Thus, recognizing this gap, there is a dire need of exploration of pharmaceutical alterative for hepatic diseases, with special focus on their efficacy and reduced toxicity. Fruits have long been known to therapeutic impact on human health, thus exploration of fruits components namely pulp, seeds and peels containing phytochemicals have emerged as a promising avenue for hepatoprotective interventions. Thus, review comprehends the information about worldwide burden of chemical induced toxicity and injuries as well as highlight the on-going challenges in hepatic disease management. It also shed light on the valuable contributions fruit parts and their phytocompounds obtained from different components of fruits. Fruit pulp, especially when rich in flavonoids, has demonstrated significant potential in animal model studies. It has been observed to enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory markers. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts have demonstrated the most favorable outcomes. Further, this review also discusses about the safety assessments of fruits extracts for their utilization as hepatoprotective agents.

• Klíčová slova
• Apoptosis, Extracts, Hepatoprotective, Inflammation, Liver damage, Polyphenols,
• MeSH
• játra účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• lékové postižení jater prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ochranné látky farmakologie   MeSH
• ovoce * chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• semena rostlinná * chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ochranné látky MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Plant foods are receiving increasing attention as a valuable source of health beneficial compounds. Understanding the impact of growing conditions on the quality of milk thistle is critical for determining appropriate agro-ecological and agro-economic parameters for its production and, subsequently, food products rich in health-beneficial compounds. For this purpose, a randomized milk thistle cultivation trial was established in the experimental field of Agritec Plant Research Plc. in Šumperk, Czech Republic, and carried out for two subsequent growing seasons in 2020 and 2021. The milk thistle achenes, variety Mirel, were sown in the row width of 12.5, 25 and 37 cm; and the qualitative parameters of each field trial such as achenes yields, silymarin complex determination and also antioxidant assessment (total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity) were evaluated. The environmental impact of the extraction process was reduced by using pressurized liquid extraction with 60% EtOH (v/v). The weather conditions during the trial as well as the row spacing of milk thistle sowing were revealed to have a significant influence on the evaluated parameters (p ≤ 0.05). The highest yields of evaluated parameters were obtained for the growing season 2021 and the row spacing of 37 cm.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant assessment, Row width, Silybum marianum L., Silymarin complex,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   analýza   MeSH
• flavonoidy analýza   MeSH
• ostropestřec mariánský chemie   MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   MeSH
• silymarin * farmakologie   analýza   chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• silymarin * MeSH

γ-Conglutin, a lupin seed protein, is an intriguing protein both in terms of the complexity of its molecular structure and a broad spectrum of unique health-promoting properties manifested in animal and human trials. Moreover, this protein is an evolutionary cornerstone whose physiological significance for the plant has not been determined yet. Herein, a comprehensive characterization of γ-conglutin glycosylation is presented and includes (i) the identification of the N-glycan-bearing site, (ii) the qualitative and quantitative composition of glycan-building saccharides, as well as (iii) the effect of oligosaccharide removal on structural and thermal stability. The obtained results indicate the presence of glycans belonging to different classes attached to the Asn98 residue. In addition, the detachment of the oligosaccharide significantly affects secondary structure composition, which disturbs the oligomerization process. The structural changes were also reflected in biophysical parameters, i.e., at a pH value of 4.5, an increase in γ-conglutin thermal stability was observed for the deglycosylated monomeric form. Collectively, the presented results provide evidence of the high complexity of the post-translational maturation and suggest the possibility of a functional effect that glycosylation might have on γ-conglutin structure integrity.

• Klíčová slova
• N-glycosylation, lupin seed, mass spectrometry, post-translational modification, thermal stability, γ-conglutin,
• MeSH
• glykosylace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Lupinus * chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny * metabolismus   MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   MeSH
• zásobní proteiny semen metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• rostlinné proteiny * MeSH
• zásobní proteiny semen MeSH

In recent years there has been an extensive search for nature-based products with functional potential. All structural parts of Physalis alkekengi (bladder cherry), including fruits, pulp, and less-explored parts, such as seeds and peel, can be considered sources of functional macro- and micronutrients, bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietetic fiber. The chemical composition of all fruit structural parts (seeds, peel, and pulp) of two phenotypes of P. alkekengi were studied. The seeds were found to be a rich source of oil, yielding 14-17%, with abundant amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (over 88%) and tocopherols, or vitamin E (up to 5378 mg/kg dw; dry weight). The predominant fatty acid in the seed oils was linoleic acid, followed by oleic acid. The seeds contained most of the fruit's protein (16-19% dw) and fiber (6-8% dw). The peel oil differed significantly from the seed oil in fatty acid and tocopherol composition. Seed cakes, the waste after oil extraction, contained arginine and aspartic acid as the main amino acids; valine, phenylalanine, threonine, and isoleucine were present in slightly higher amounts than the other essential amino acids. They were also rich in key minerals, such as K, Mg, Fe, and Zn. From the peel and pulp fractions were extracted fruit concretes, aromatic products with specific fragrance profiles, of which volatile compositions (GC-MS) were identified. The major volatiles in peel and pulp concretes were β-linalool, α-pinene, and γ-terpinene. The results from the investigation substantiated the potential of all the studied fruit structures as new sources of bioactive compounds that could be used as prospective sources in human and animal nutrition, while the aroma-active compounds in the concretes supported the plant's potential in perfumery and cosmetics.

• Klíčová slova
• Physalis alkekengi, bioactive compounds, bladder cherry fruit, composition, concretes, oil, peel, pulp, seeds,
• MeSH
• arginin analýza   MeSH
• fenylalanin analýza   MeSH
• isoleucin MeSH
• kyselina aspartová analýza   MeSH
• kyselina linolová analýza   MeSH
• kyselina olejová analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• oleje rostlin chemie   MeSH
• ovoce * chemie   MeSH
• Physalis * chemie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   MeSH
• threonin MeSH
• tokoferoly analýza   MeSH
• valin analýza   MeSH
• vitaminy analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• arginin MeSH
• fenylalanin MeSH
• isoleucin MeSH
• kyselina aspartová MeSH
• kyselina linolová MeSH
• kyselina olejová MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny MeSH
• oleje rostlin MeSH
• threonin MeSH
• tokoferoly MeSH
• valin MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH

Pine seeds are considered as nonwood forest products (NWFP) with regularly increasing market's demand. They can be eaten in various ways such as roasted or raw. In addition, they are included in various traditional dishes like in cookies, sauces, candies, cakes, breads, and other bakery items and, moreover, for medicinal purposes. GC-MS study is performed to analyze the phytochemical compounds present in the seed extracts of Pinus roxburghii (Chir) and Pinus gerardiana (Chilgoza). In total, 25 compounds were identified each in Chir and Chilgoza. In Chir seeds, abundantly present compounds were 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (16.6%), followed by ç-Terpinene (9.9%) and cyclohexanol, 4-ethenyl-4-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)-, (1à,3à,4á) (9.8%), whereas in Chilgoza seeds, the maximum amount of compound was 1-hexyl-1-nitrocyclohexane (17.3%), followed by phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) (15.4%), and heptadecane, 2-methyl (8.4%). The total phenolic content of Chir seed sample was 1536 ± 4.35 (mg GAE/100 g), whereas in the Chilgoza seed extract was 642.66 ± 2.08 (mg GAE/100 g). The application of RP-HPLC-DAD system revealed that Chir and Chilgoza seeds have maximum quantity of catechin (15.77 ± 0.16 μg/mg and 17.49 ± 0.32 μg/mg, respectively). Both Chir and Chilgoza seed extracts exhibited significant antioxidant (radical scavenging) potential, through H2O2 (618.94 ± 21.45 μg/mL and 575.16 ± 19.88 μg/mL) and DPPH (552.60 ± 13.03 μg/mL and 429.15 ± 3.80 μg/mL) assays, respectively. Additionally, a well-known antibacterial potential was also found in both plants' dichloromethane extracts, with 64 to 256 μg/mL of minimum inhibitory concentrations. As a whole, result shows the importance of both plants as a naturally occurring phytochemical source with significant antibacterial and antioxidant activity.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antioxidancia * chemie   MeSH
• borovice * MeSH
• fytonutrienty analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• peroxid vodíku analýza   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• peroxid vodíku MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Currently, the negative effects of unified and intensive agriculture are of growing concern. To mitigate them, the possibilities of using local but nowadays underused crop for food production should be more thoroughly investigated and promoted. The soybean is the major crop cultivated for vegetable oil production in Zambia, while the oil production from local oil-bearing plants is neglected. The chemical composition of oils and cakes of a three traditional oil plant used by descendants of the Lozi people for cooking were investigated. Parinari curatellifolia and Schinziophyton rautanenii oils were chiefly composed of α-eleostearic (28.58-55.96%), linoleic (9.78-40.18%), and oleic acid (15.26-24.07%), whereas Ochna serrulata contained mainly palmitic (35.62-37.31%), oleic (37.31-46.80%), and linoleic acid (10.61-18.66%); the oil yield was high (39-71%). S. rautanenii and O. serrulata oils were rich in γ-tocopherol (3236.18 μg/g, 361.11 μg/g, respectively). The O. serrulata oil also had a very distinctive aroma predominantly composed of p-cymene (52.26%), m-xylene (9.63%), γ-terpinene (9.07%), o-xylene (7.97), and limonene (7.23%). The cakes remaining after oil extraction are a good source of essential minerals, being rich in N, P, S, K, Ca, and Mg. These plants have the potential to be introduced for use in the food, technical, or pharmaceutical industries.

• Klíčová slova
• Ochna serrulata, Parinari curatellifolia, Schinziophyton rautanenii, oil-bearing plants, sustainability, underused crops,
• MeSH
• gama-tokoferol chemie   MeSH
• kyselina linolová chemie   MeSH
• kyselina olejová chemie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• Ochnaceae chemie   MeSH
• oleje rostlin chemie   MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   MeSH
• stromy chemie   MeSH
• tokoferoly chemie   MeSH
• vaření metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Zambie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• gama-tokoferol MeSH
• kyselina linolová MeSH
• kyselina olejová MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• oleje rostlin MeSH
• tokoferoly MeSH

Coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) is a phenolic compound derived from the shikimate pathway and synthesized by various medicinal and aromatic plants as parent molecule of a large group of secondary metabolites, namely coumarins. Its main utilization is as fixative in perfumes and flavour enhancer. Given its role as phytoalexin and phagodepression activity, herein we evaluated for the first time its efficacy against several insect species: the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, the moth Spodoptera littoralis, the housefly, Musca domestica and the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Two non-target species were also included in our toxicity evaluation experiments: the ladybug Harmonia axyridis and the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Results highlighted remarkable selectivity of coumarin, being highly toxic to M. persicae aphids (LC50(90) values of 1.3(1.9) mg L-1) and friendly to natural enemies of aphids as well as soil invertebrates.

• Klíčová slova
• Aphid, earthworm, insecticide, ladybug, mosquito, moth, non-target species,
• MeSH
• Culex účinky léků   MeSH
• inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
• insekticidy toxicita   MeSH
• kumariny toxicita   MeSH
• larva účinky léků   MeSH
• moucha domácí účinky léků   MeSH
• mšice účinky léků   MeSH
• můry účinky léků   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   MeSH
• Spodoptera účinky léků   MeSH
• testy toxicity MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• coumarin MeSH Prohlížeč
• insekticidy MeSH
• kumariny MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs in all areas of the environment, including the food chain. In the body, it causes oxidative stress by producing free radicals that are harmful to the cells. Grape seed extract (GSE) contains a wide range of biologically active components that help to neutralize the adverse effects of free radicals. In this study, the effects of GSE prepared form semi-resistant grapevine cultivar Cerason, which is rich in phenolics, on biochemical markers of brown rats exposed to the effects of cadmium were monitored. GSE increased the plasma antioxidant activity and, in the kidneys and the liver, Cd content was significantly lowered by GSE co-administration. Accordingly, the increase in creatinine content and alanine aminotransferase activity and the decrease of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities caused by cadmium were slowed down by GSE co-administration. The results of this work reveal that grape seed extract offers a protective effect against the intake of heavy metals into the organism.

• Klíčová slova
• antioxidants, biochemical markers, cadmium, grape seed extract, protective effect, rattus norvegicus,
• MeSH
• alanintransaminasa krev   MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   MeSH
• aspartátaminotransferasy krev   MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• extrakt ze semen vinné révy farmakologie   MeSH
• fytonutrienty analýza   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   enzymologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kadmium krev   MeSH
• katalasa metabolismus   MeSH
• kreatinin krev   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• ledviny účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• metalothionein metabolismus   MeSH
• močovina krev   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• zdraví * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alanintransaminasa MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• aspartátaminotransferasy MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• extrakt ze semen vinné révy MeSH
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• katalasa MeSH
• kreatinin MeSH
• metalothionein MeSH
• močovina MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH

Magnetic seed enhancement has been practicing as a promising tool to improve germination and seedling growth of low vigor seeds stored under suboptimal conditions, but there is still ambiguity regarding the prospects for magnetism in oilseeds. Present study elucidates the potential of magnetic seed stimulation to improve sunflower germination, growth and yield. Germination and emergence tests were performed to optimize the strength of the magnetic field to sunflower seed enhancement. The seeds were directly exposed to magnetic field strengths of 50, 100 and 150 millitesla (mT) for 5, 10 and 15 min (min) and then standard germination tests were performed. Secondly, the emergence potential of untreated seeds was compared with seed exposed to hydropriming, priming with 3% moringa leaf extract (MLE), priming with magnetically treated water (MTW) for 10 min and priming with 3% MLE solution prepared in magnetically treated water (MTW + MLE). Germination, emergence, seedling growth and seed biochemical properties were used to select the best treatment for field evaluation. The results of the study revealed that magnetic seed treatment with 100 mT for 10 min and seed priming with 3% MLE solution in magnetically treated water (MTW + MLE) significantly improved emergence, crop growth rate and sunflower yield.

• Klíčová slova
• magnetic field, magnetically treated water, moringa leaf extract, oilseed, vigor,
• MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• Helianthus fyziologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• klíčení MeSH
• kvantitativní znak dědičný MeSH
• magnetické pole * MeSH
• oleje rostlin chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   růst a vývoj   účinky záření   MeSH
• voda MeSH
• vývoj rostlin účinky záření   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• oleje rostlin MeSH
• voda MeSH