The occurrence of Hypoderma diana (Diptera: Hypodermatidae) in a herd of 15 horses was observed during a 4-year period (2010-2013) in northwest Bohemia. During this period, infestation by the warble fly H. diana increased from 12.5% in 2010 to 53.3% in 2013. Nodules were observed on the neck, back, stomach, legs, and head. The incidence of H. diana was probably influenced by the presence of a specific host mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon).

• MeSH
• Diptera * MeSH
• Hypodermyiasis epidemiology   veterinary   MeSH
• Horses parasitology   MeSH
• Horse Diseases epidemiology   MeSH
• Sheep, Domestic parasitology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic epidemiology   MeSH

Hypodermosis and cephenemyiosis are largely widespread diseases in roe deer in the conditions of the Czech Republic. Both kinds of parasitosis cause great losses of game. The aim of this study was to test peroral administration of ivermectin with respect to the control of larval stages of hypodermosis (Hypoderma diana B.) in roe deer. Studies were performed on three localities within one three-year study and two 18-month studies. Ivermectin was administered for two days at a daily dose of 0.30 mg/kg body weight during winter game feeding. The shot deer were checked for the presence of larvae throughout the year. Prevalence and intensity of infection were determined. A total of 147 animals were checked in 1992-1994 (Tab.I); prevalence and intensity of infection were very low in comparison with the situation before treatment and with the control group (1994). Similar results were obtained in both shorter studies (Tab. II) performed on 27 animals in total. The results suggest (on the base of detail discussion) that the low values of prevalence and intensity of infection should be taken as partly distorted due to the methodical conditions of checks. The efficacy of ivermectin treatment was complemented by observation of several cases and their results employing direct checks of shot deer (Tab. III), including a six-year observation of a group of 6 to 10 individuals of tame deer treated year by. These results explicitly document the high efficacy of mass peroral ivermectin administration in the control of warble fly larvae. Ivermectin is the first drug suitable for the treatment of roe deer hypodermosis.

• MeSH
• Administration, Oral MeSH
• Diptera drug effects   MeSH
• Hypodermyiasis drug therapy   parasitology   veterinary   MeSH
• Insecticides administration & dosage   MeSH
• Ivermectin administration & dosage   MeSH
• Larva drug effects   MeSH
• Deer parasitology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Insecticides MeSH
• Ivermectin MeSH

In South Bohemia a case was discovered of a yearling colt attacked by the larva of the IIIrd instar of the deer warble fly Hypoderma diana Brauer. The dead, almost mature larva of the fly was squeezed out of a subcutaneous lump above the shoulder in the first decade of April, 1985. The case is evaluated from the point of view of the possibility of the transition of specific parasites--warble flies--to another host. The attacking of a non-specific kind can occasionally occur only when there is a large number of the parasites and both kinds of host. At present the degree of attacking of deer by subcutaneous warble flies is high and therefore under favourable circumstances even domestic animals can be attacked by this type of warble fly. The above case is the first to be ascertained of a horse being attacked by a deer warble fly.

• MeSH
• Hypodermyiasis pathology   veterinary   MeSH
• Horses MeSH
• Horse Diseases pathology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH

While studying the population ecology of cattle warble flies (Diptera, Hypodermatidae) in Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union and Mongolia a firm internal regulatory system, determining the population density of parasites and operating on the principle of negative feedback, was demonstrated. The negative binomial distribution proved to be a suitable model in other parasite groups as well. The internal regulatory systems are common consistent patterns in the parasite-host relationship with specific parasites. These consistent patterns and the methodical approach to them are of wider importance not only for parasitology in particular, but for the research of ecosystems in general. This trend of research can be therefore considered to be momentous, comparable with other concepts in parasitology.

• MeSH
• Diptera physiology   MeSH
• Ecology MeSH
• Hypodermyiasis parasitology   veterinary   MeSH
• Host-Parasite Interactions MeSH
• Larva MeSH
• Cattle Diseases parasitology   MeSH
• Cattle parasitology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Cattle parasitology   MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czechoslovakia MeSH
• Mongolia MeSH
• USSR MeSH

During control measures against cattle hypodermatosis low populations of warble flies with incidence of infestation (extensity, percentage) up to 2-5% persist after a rapid decrease of the degree of infestation. In order to study these low populations isolated warble fly populations were experimentally created under conditions of Central Europe. Fundamental populations observed originated from one ovipositing female in a herd of heifers and included 17, 25, 42 and 83 larvae with 11-52% of infestation and mean infestation of 1.1-1.6 larvae per infested host (intensity of infestation). With the increasing age of heifers from one to 2.5 years the numbers of fundamental populations decreased to one quarter, the extensity of infestation to one fifth, while the mean infestation per infested host remained nearly at the same level. The persistence of low warble fly populations was caused by an internal system regulating the numbers of parasites in the host populations. The distribution of larvae of fundamental warble fly population in a cattle herd agrees with the Poisson distribution as well as the negative binomial distribution. The direct significance of the results obtained for the control of hypodermatosis is pointed out.

• MeSH
• Diptera growth & development   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Hypodermyiasis epidemiology   veterinary   MeSH
• Larva growth & development   MeSH
• Cattle Diseases epidemiology   parasitology   MeSH
• Cattle MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Cattle MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czechoslovakia MeSH

A new method was successfully used in collecting the mature larvae of the cattle warble fly by means of woven wire flooring. In laboratory colonies the influence of temperature on pupal development, percentage of hatched adults and sex ratio, weight of pupae and adults, its changes during their life cycle, copulation and survival of adults were studied. Field experiments involved studies on the influence of humidity on the survival of pupae, percentage of hatched adults, duration of the pupal stage in the spring and summer periods. Stability of the total sum of temperatures above the temperature threshold necessary for the development of adult in pupa, facilitating to determine the term of hatching, was demonstrated. Laboratory rearing made it possible to obtain gravid females of the cattle warble fly for experimental purposes.

• MeSH
• Diptera growth & development   physiology   MeSH
• Longevity MeSH
• Hypodermyiasis parasitology   veterinary   MeSH
• Pupa growth & development   MeSH
• Larva MeSH
• Cattle Diseases parasitology   MeSH
• Sex Ratio MeSH
• Population Growth MeSH
• Sexual Behavior, Animal MeSH
• Cattle MeSH
• Body Weight MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Cattle MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The infestation by warble-fly (Hypoderma bovis /De Geer/) larvae was observed in Hereford cattle imported from Canada to Czechoslovakia in the autumn 1974. A risk of introducing hypodermosis in the areas where it had been eradicated occurred after a several-year persistence of such foci of the disease. The original infestation of the imported cows corresponded to the invasion extensity of 22 to 45% and invasion intensity of 1.9 and 3.7 larvae. There were observed no differences in the degree of infestation in cattle from different regions of Canada. In the subsequent years the invasion extensity in heifers was 52% the invasion intensity was four larvae. To control hypodermosis, Czechoslovak chemicals Arpalit-Spray and Hypocide were applied to Hereford cattle. In the West Bohemian Region cattle was treated with the chemical Arpalit-Spray in spring for three years to eradicate hypodermosis in the Tachov and Susice districts. A good result was obtained after the treatment in May during the maximum occurrence of larvae in bulges under the skin, the treatment in June was late and inefficient. In the Central Slovakian Region, Dolný Kubín district, hypodermosis was eradicated in Hereford cattle by a repeated treatment with Hypocide in autumn. The control of hypodermosis in Hereford cattle in the Prievidza district failed. In 1979 the invasion extensity in heifers was 25-100%, the invasion intensity was 2 to 25 larvae. Cattle transferred from this herd to the Lucenec, Presov and Gottwaldov districts were also infested. In the Gottwaldov district in the South Moravian Region all infested cows were treated with Arpalit-Spray in the summer 1979.

• MeSH
• Hypodermyiasis transmission   veterinary   MeSH
• Cattle Diseases epidemiology   transmission   MeSH
• Cattle MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Cattle MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czechoslovakia MeSH
• Canada MeSH

The effect of the last developmental phase of the warble fly (Hypoderma bovis de Greer) larvas was studied as exerted on some health indices of milk in 20 experimental (treated) and 18 control (untreated) first-calvers of the Pinzgau breed at two localities of an area affected by bovine hypodermosis in the period from May to June, 1975. The preparation Hypocid, at a dose of 15 ml per 100 kg of body weight, was applied externally in the lumbosacral region to the experimental animals in November, 1974. Throughout the experimental period (61 days) the milk was repeatedly examined bacteriologically and cytologically, the content of chlorides and the milk electric conductivity were determined. In none of the followed health indices of milk were significant differences in the values obtained from experimental and control first-calvers proved statistically.

• MeSH
• Administration, Topical MeSH
• Diptera MeSH
• Hypodermyiasis metabolism   veterinary   MeSH
• Insecticides administration & dosage   MeSH
• Lumbosacral Region MeSH
• Milk cytology   microbiology   MeSH
• Cattle Diseases metabolism   MeSH
• Cattle MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Cattle MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Insecticides MeSH

We investigated the effect of hypodermosis on the quantitative and some qualitative indicators of milk from 20 experimental and 18 control first-calvers of the Pinzgau cattle breed. The experiment took place at two experimental localities in mountainous pastures of the Central-Slovakian region. In the experimental animals, treated with Hypocid, the production of milk per dairy cow increased on an average by 115.98 kg, i.e. 24.83%, over the experimental period of 61 days (May, June) with an average invasion intensity of 5.94 larvas in control animals. Milk fat production increased on an average by 7.20 kg, i.e. 34.97%. Production recalculated to FCM milk amounted on an average to 31.61%. The profitability of treating hypodermosis with the Hypocid preparation is expressed by the average savings of 0.40 Kcs per litre of milk per day.

• MeSH
• Diptera MeSH
• Hypodermyiasis complications   MeSH
• Pregnancy Complications, Infectious complications   veterinary   MeSH
• Lactation * MeSH
• Cattle Diseases complications   MeSH
• Parity MeSH
• Cattle MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Cattle MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Axilla MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Hodgkin Disease diagnosis   MeSH
• Hypodermyiasis pathology   MeSH
• Neck MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lymph Nodes pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH