In the present study, we investigated the modulatory influence of the unconscious, bodily arousal on motor-related embodied information. Specifically, we examined how the interoceptive prediction error interacts with the event-related potentials linked to action-effect processing. Participants were asked to perform a task with self-initiated or externally-triggered sounds while receiving synchronous or false auditory cardiac feedback. The results found that interaction of interoceptive manipulation and action-effect processing modulates the frontal subcomponent of the P3 response. During the synchronous cardiac feedback, the P3 response to self-initiated tones was enhanced. During the false cardiac feedback, the frontal cortical response was reversed. N1 and P2 components were affected by the interoceptive manipulation, but not by the interaction of interoception and action processing. These findings provide experimental support for the theoretical accounts of the interaction between interoception and action processing within a framework of predictive coding, manifested particularly in the higher stages of action processing.
- Keywords
- Action-effect processing, Agency, Event-related potentials (ERP), Interoception, Motor prediction, Predictive coding, Sensory attenuation,
- MeSH
- Arousal MeSH
- Evoked Potentials physiology MeSH
- Interoception * physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Feedback, Sensory MeSH
- Heart MeSH
- Heart Rate physiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Trait anxiety is characterized as a constant and often subliminal state that persists during daily life. Interoception is the perception of internal states and sensations, including from the autonomic nervous system. This review aims to develop a predictive model to explain the emergence, manifestations, and maintenance of trait anxiety. The model begins with the assumption that anxiety states arise from active interoceptive inference. The subsequent activation of autonomic responses results from aversive sensory encounters. A cognitive model is proposed for trait anxiety that includes the aversive sensory components from interoception, exteroception, and proprioception. A further component of the hypothesis is that repeated exposure to subliminal anxiety-evoking sensory elements can lead to an overgeneralization of this response to other inputs that are generally non-aversive. Increased uncertainty may result when predicting the sensory environment, resulting in arbitrary interoceptive anxiety responses that may be due to unjustifiable causes. Arbitrary successful or unsuccessful matching of predictions and responses reduces the individual's confidence to maintain the anxiety trait. In this review, the application of the proposed model is illustrated using gut microbial dysbiosis or imbalance of the gut microbiome.
In motor functional neurological disorders (mFND), relationships between interoception (a construct of high theoretical relevance to its pathophysiology) and neuroanatomy have not been previously investigated. This study characterized white matter in mFND patients compared to healthy controls (HCs), and investigated associations between fiber bundle integrity and cardiac interoception. Voxel-based analysis and tractography quantified fractional anisotropy (FA) in 38 mFND patients compared to 38 HCs. Secondary analyses compared functional seizures (FND-seiz; n = 21) or functional movement disorders (n = 17) to HCs. Network lesion mapping identified gray matter origins of implicated fiber bundles. Within-group mFND analyses investigated relationships between FA, heartbeat tracking accuracy and interoceptive trait prediction error (discrepancies between interoceptive accuracy and self-reported bodily awareness). Results were corrected for multiple comparisons, and all findings were adjusted for depression and trait anxiety. mFND and HCs did not show any between-group interoceptive accuracy or FA differences. However, the FND-seiz subgroup compared to HCs showed decreased integrity in right-lateralized tracts: extreme capsule/inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, arcuate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and thalamic/striatum to occipital cortex projections. These alterations originated predominantly from the right temporoparietal junction and inferior temporal gyrus. In mFND patients, individual differences in interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive trait prediction error correlated with fiber bundle integrity originating from the insula, temporoparietal junction, putamen and thalamus among other regions. In this first study investigating brain-interoception relationships in mFND, individual differences in interoceptive accuracy and trait prediction error mapped onto multimodal integration-related fiber bundles. Right-lateralized limbic and associative tract disruptions distinguished FND-seiz from HCs.
- Keywords
- DTI, conversion disorder, diffusion tensor imaging, dissociative seizures, functional movement disorder, interoception, psychogenic,
- MeSH
- White Matter * diagnostic imaging pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Biological Variation, Population physiology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Interoception physiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Cerebral Cortex MeSH
- Movement Disorders * diagnostic imaging pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Anticipation, Psychological physiology MeSH
- Gray Matter * diagnostic imaging pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Heart Rate physiology MeSH
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Keywords
- RESPIRATORY TRACT/physiology *,
- MeSH
- Respiratory System physiology MeSH
- Respiratory Physiological Phenomena * MeSH
- Interoception * MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Keywords
- RESPIRATORY TRACT/physiology *,
- MeSH
- Respiratory System physiology MeSH
- Respiratory Physiological Phenomena * MeSH
- Interoception * MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Keywords
- ENDOCRINE GLANDS/physiology *, NERVOUS SYSTEM/physiology *,
- MeSH
- Endocrine Glands physiology MeSH
- Interoception * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena * MeSH
- Nervous System * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
