Land cover, vegetation, and landscape management have a large impact on surface water conditions. We analyzed the quantity and quality of surface waters draining from forest catchment with high vegetation and agricultural catchment with low or no vegetation. The following parameters were assessed: specific water runoff, precipitation totals, electrical conductivity in the surface waters, the content of suspended solids, nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3-), and phosphate phosphorus (P-PO43-) in the surface waters. Measurement of the specific water runoff took place over one hydrological year. Measurement of the water quality took place over twenty years and captured changes in the land cover. Hydrological and hydrochemical data from both sub-catchments were compared and statistically analyzed. The results showed that forest landscapes with high vegetation can retain up to twice as much rainwater compared to agricultural landscapes with low vegetation and bare areas. However, in episodes with intense short-term rainfall, forest landscapes can hold even several times more rainwater than landscapes with low vegetation. In dry periods, landscapes with large amounts of high vegetation can retain more water for longer periods than landscapes with low vegetation and bare areas that dry out relatively quickly. The runoff of nutrients and other substances from forest landscapes is much slower due to the high vegetation and thus contributes to the protection of water quality in watercourses. The main findings of this research show that as vegetation increases, the landscape holds more water and other substances, reducing the risk of floods, droughts, and water pollution. Other research results show that even a small change in vegetation cover has a significant impact on the water runoff and quality of surface waters. The work emphasizes the importance of supporting vegetation in temperate zone landscapes in landscape planning and management.
- Klíčová slova
- Flood protection, Nitrates leaching, Phosphates leaching, Small catchment management, Specific water runoff, Surface water quality protection, Water retention,
- MeSH
- déšť MeSH
- dusičnany MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- fosfor MeSH
- kvalita vody MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- pohyb vody MeSH
- voda MeSH
- zemědělství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusičnany MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- fosfor MeSH
- voda MeSH
Low-dosage nitrate pollutants can contribute to eutrophication in surface water bodies, such as lakes and reservoirs. This study employed assembled denitrifying bacterial-fungal communities as bio-denitrifiers, in combination with zero-valent iron (ZVI), to treat micro-polluted water. Immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed communities (IBFMC) reactors demonstrated their ability to reduce nitrate and organic carbon by over 43.2 % and 53.7 %, respectively. Compared to IBFMC reactors, IBFMC combined with ZVI (IBFMC@ZVI) reactors exhibited enhanced removal efficiencies for nitrate and organic carbon, reaching the highest of 31.55 % and 17.66 %, respectively. The presence of ZVI in the IBFMC@ZVI reactors stimulated various aspects of microbial activity, including the metabolic processes, electron transfer system activities, abundance of functional genes and enzymes, and diversity and richness of microbial communities. The contents of adenosine triphosphate and electron transfer system activities enhanced more than 5.6 and 1.43 folds in the IBFMC@ZVI reactors compared with IBFMC reactors. Furthermore, significant improvement of crucial genes and enzyme denitrification chains was observed in the IBFMC@ZVI reactors. Iron played a central role in enhancing microbial diversity and activity, and promoting the supply, and transfer of inorganic electron donors. This study presents an innovative approach for applying denitrifying bacterial-fungal communities combined with iron enhancing efficient denitrification in micro-polluted water.
- Klíčová slova
- Denitrification bacterial-fungal communities, Dynamic migration of communities, Functional genes, Low-dosage nitrate, Mixotrophic aerobic denitrification,
- MeSH
- aerobióza MeSH
- Bacteria * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- bioreaktory MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * metabolismus MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- denitrifikace * MeSH
- dusičnany metabolismus MeSH
- houby * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- železo * metabolismus chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- dusičnany MeSH
- železo * MeSH
The harmful algal blooms (HABs) can damage the ecological equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems and threaten human health. The bio-degradation of algal by algicidal bacteria is an environmentally friendly and economical approach to control HABs. This study applied an aerobic denitrification synchronization algicidal strain Streptomyces sp. LJH-12-1 (L1) to control HABs. The cell-free filtrate of the strain L1 showed a great algolytic effect on bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa). The optimal algicidal property of strain L1 was indirect light-dependent algicidal with an algicidal rate of 85.0%. The functional metabolism, light-trapping, light-transfer efficiency, the content of pigments, and inhibition of photosynthesis of M. aeruginosa decreased after the addition of the supernatant of the strain L1 due to oxidative stress. Moreover, 96.05% nitrate removal rate synchronized with algicidal activity was achieved with the strain L1. The relative abundance of N cycling functional genes significantly increased during the strain L1 effect on M. aeruginosa. The algicidal efficiency of the strain L1 in the raw water was 76.70% with nitrate removal efficiency of 81.4%. Overall, this study provides a novel route to apply bacterial strain with the property of denitrification coupled with algicidal activity in treating micro-polluted water bodies.
- Klíčová slova
- Algicidal bacteria, Bacterial and algal communities, Functional gene, Harmful algal blooms, Photosynthetic system,
- MeSH
- denitrifikace * MeSH
- dusičnany metabolismus MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- fotosyntéza MeSH
- Microcystis * metabolismus MeSH
- škodlivý vodní květ * MeSH
- Streptomyces metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusičnany MeSH
- dusík MeSH
Increasing aquaculture cultivation produces large quantities of wastewater. If not handled properly, it can have negative impacts on the environment. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are one of the phytoremediation methods that can be applied to treat aquaculture effluent. This research was aimed at determining the performance of Cyperus rotundus in removing COD, BOD, TSS, turbidity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate from the batch CW system. Treatment was carried out for 30 days with variations in the number of plants (10, 15, and 20) and variations in media height (10, 12, and 14 cm). The result showed that aquaculture effluent contains high levels of organic compounds and nutrients, and C. rotundus can grow and thrive in 100% of aquaculture effluent. Besides that, the use of C. rotundus in CWs with the effect of numbers of plants and media height showed performance of COD, BOD, TSS, turbidity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate with 70, 79, 90, 96, 64, 82, 92, and 48% of removal efficacy, respectively. There was no negative impact observed on C. rotundus growth after exposure to aquaculture effluent, as indicated by the increase in wet weight, dry weight, and growth rate when compared to the control. Thus, adding aquaculture effluent to CWs planted with C. rotundus supports the growth and development of plants while also performing phytoremediation.
- Klíčová slova
- Aquaculture, Environmental pollution, Phytotechnology, Sustainable treatment,
- MeSH
- amoniak MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- Cyperus * MeSH
- dusičnany MeSH
- dusitany MeSH
- fosfáty MeSH
- mokřady MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování metody MeSH
- rostliny MeSH
- vodní hospodářství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- amoniak MeSH
- dusičnany MeSH
- dusitany MeSH
- fosfáty MeSH
Spruce wood and Typha (wetland plant) derived biochars pyrolyzed at 350 °C and 600 °C were tested for their sorption affinity for organic pollutants (diclofenac, methylparaben, benzotriazole and sodium 1-decanesulfonate) and nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, phosphate and boron) commonly found in greywater. Batch and column studies combined with molecular dynamics modelling determined the sorption capacity, kinetics, and described the underlying mechanisms. The spruce biochar (600 °C) exhibited the highest sorption capacity mainly for the tested organics. The dynamic test performed for spruce biochar (600 °C) showed that the magnitude of desorption was low, and the desorbed amount ranged between 3 and 11 %. Molecular dynamics modelling (a computational tool for elucidating molecular-level interactions) indicated that the increased sorption of nitrate and boron on spruce biochar (600 °C) could be attributed to hydrophobic interactions. The molecular dynamics shows that predominant adsorption of organic pollutants was governed by π-π stacking, with a minor role of hydrogen-bonding on the biochar surface. In summary, higher pyrolysis temperature biochar yielded greater adsorption capacity greywater borne contaminants and the reaction temperature (10-34 °C) and presence of anionic surfactant had a limited effect on the adsorption of organic pollutants, suggesting efficacious application of biochar in general for greywater treatment in nature-based systems.
- Klíčová slova
- Biochar, Greywater, Micropollutants, Molecular dynamics, Sorption,
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- bor MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí chemie MeSH
- dusičnany MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí * MeSH
- organické látky MeSH
- simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
- živiny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biochar MeSH Prohlížeč
- bor MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí MeSH
- dusičnany MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí * MeSH
- organické látky MeSH
Knowledge of precipitation composition is important, among other things, to reveal changes in atmospheric chemistry. Here we present the long-term time trends in ratios of major ions in precipitation, namely nitrate to sulphate (NO3-/SO42-), ammonium to sulphate (NH4+/SO42-) and ammonium to nitrate (NH4+/NO3-). For this we explore the long-term time series recorded by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute at eight monitoring sites situated in urban, rural and mountain regions of the Czech Republic between 1980 and 2020. To that end, we use innovative Bayesian inference with the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) computational method appropriate for investigating complicated large-scale data. Our results indicated: (i) increasing NO3-/SO42- ratio in precipitation over time and distinct seasonal behaviour with higher values in winter and lower values in summer, (ii) increasing NH4+/SO42- ratio in precipitation and distinct seasonal behaviour with higher values in summer and lower values in winter and (iii) relatively stable NH4+/NO3- ratio in precipitation with a mild recent increase and distinct seasonal behaviour with higher values in summer and lower values in winter. This behaviour pattern holds true for all the sites analysed, irrespective of their geographical position, altitude or environment. Though explored in detail rarely, the ion ratios are important to study as they reflect changes in atmospheric chemistry, mirroring changes in emissions and meteorology and suggesting changing impacts on ecosystems and the environment.
- Klíčová slova
- Bayesian modelling, Czech Republic, INLA, Ion concentrations, Precipitation chemistry, Time trends,
- MeSH
- amoniové sloučeniny * MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- dusičnany analýza MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- ionty chemie MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- sírany analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- amoniové sloučeniny * MeSH
- dusičnany MeSH
- ionty MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
- sírany MeSH
In this work, an online sampling of plant xylem sap combined with an efficient (CE)-based method was developed and applied to study the kinetics of changes in the sap composition and to assess plant fitness under stress conditions comprehensively. A laboratory-built CE device was developed to provide online sampling and CE analysis of various ionogenic species in the sap during plant stress response. The rapid online sampling and short CE analysis time allow for real-time monitoring of changes in sap constituents in the living plant during the stress response. The developed device was successfully used to analyze chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions in the plant xylem during the salt stress or stress caused by nitrate deficiency within short time scales.
- Klíčová slova
- capillary electrophoresis, plant sap, sampling, stress, xylem,
- MeSH
- dusičnany * MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární MeSH
- rostliny * MeSH
- xylém MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusičnany * MeSH
The coculture theory that promotes denitrification relies on effectively utilizing the resources of low-efficiency denitrification microbes. Here, the strains Streptomyces sp. PYX97 and Streptomyces sp. TSJ96 were isolated and showed lower denitrification capacity when cultured individually. However, the coculture of strains PYX97 and TSJ96 enhanced nitrogen removal (removed 96.40% of total nitrogen) and organic carbon reduction (removed 92.13% of dissolved organic carbon) under aerobic conditions. Nitrogen balance analysis indicated that coculturing enhanced the efficiency of nitrate converted into gaseous nitrogen reaching 70.42%. Meanwhile, the coculturing promoted the cell metabolism capacity and carbon source metabolic activity. The coculture strains PYX97 and TSJ96 thrived in conditions of C/N = 10, alkalescence, and 150 rpm shaking speed. The coculturing reduced total nitrogen and CODMn in the raw water treatment by 83.32 and 84.21%, respectively. During this treatment, the cell metabolic activity and cell density increased in the coculture strains PYX97 and TSJ96 reactor. Moreover, the coculture strains could utilize aromatic protein and soluble microbial products during aerobic denitrification processes in raw water treatment. This study suggests that coculturing inefficient actinomycete strains could be a promising approach for treating polluted water bodies.
- Klíčová slova
- actinomycetes, aerobic denitrification, coculture, metabolism activity, raw water treatment,
- MeSH
- Actinobacteria * metabolismus MeSH
- Actinomyces metabolismus MeSH
- aerobióza MeSH
- denitrifikace * MeSH
- dusičnany metabolismus MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- kokultivační techniky MeSH
- nitrifikace MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusičnany MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Prepregnancy optimization of cardiovascular function may reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia. We aimed to assess the feasibility and effect of preconception cardiovascular monitoring, exercise, and beetroot juice on cardiovascular parameters in women planning to conceive. DESIGN AND METHOD: Prospective single-site, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Thirty-two women, aged 18-45 years, were allocated into one of four arms (1 : 1 : 1 : 1): exercise, beetroot juice, exercise plus beetroot juice and no intervention for 12 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at home daily. Cardiac output ( CO ) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were assessed via bio-impedance. RESULTS: Twenty-nine out of 32 (91%) participants completed the study. Adherence to daily BP and weight measurements were 81% and 78%, respectively ( n = 29). Eight out of 15 (53%) of participants did not drink all the provided beetroot juice because of forgetfulness and taste. After 12 weeks, exercise was associated with a reduction in standing TPR (-278 ± 0.272 dynes s cm -5 , P < 0.05), and an increase in standing CO (+0.88 ± 0.71 l/min, P < 0.05). Exercise and beetroot juice together was associated with a reduction in standing DBP ( 7 ± 6 mmHg, P < 0.05), and an increase in standing CO (+0.49 ± 0.66 l/min, P < 0.05). The control group showed a reduction in standing TPR ( 313 ± 387 dynes s cm -5 ) and standing DBP ( 8 ± 5mmHg). All groups gained weight. CONCLUSION: Exercise and beetroot juice in combination showed a signal towards improving cardiovascular parameters. The control group showed improvements, indicating that home measurement devices and regular recording of parameters are interventions in themselves. Nevertheless, interventions before pregnancy to improve cardiovascular parameters may alter the occurrence of hypertensive conditions during pregnancy and require further investigation in adequately powered studies.
- MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- dusičnany * MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- hypertenze * MeSH
- krevní tlak MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusičnany * MeSH
This study investigated the combined effects of nitrate (NT) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), including C8, C10, C12, and C14, on methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation characteristics, and rumen bacteria using a 24 h batch incubation technique. Four types of treatments were used: control (no nitrate, no MCFA), NT (nitrate at 3.65 mM), NT + MCFA (nitrate at 3.65 mM + one of the four MCFA at 500 mg/L), and NT + MCFA/MCFA (nitrate at 3.65 mM + a binary combination of MCFA at 250 and 250 mg/L). All treatments decreased (P < 0.001) methanogenesis (mL/g dry matter incubated) compared with the control, but their efficiency was dependent on the MCFA type. The most efficient CH4 inhibitor was the NT + C10 treatment (- 40%). The combinations containing C10 and C12 had the greatest effect on bacterial alpha and beta diversity and relative microbial abundance (P < 0.001). Next-generation sequencing showed that the family Succinivibrionaceae was favored in treatments with the greatest CH4 inhibition at the expense of Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Archaea decreased (P < 0.05) in the NT + C10 and NT + C10/C12 treatments. These results confirm that the combination of NT with MCFA (C10 and C12 in particular) may effectively reduce CH4 production.
- MeSH
- bachor * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Bacteria genetika MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- dusičnany * farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- mastné kyseliny metabolismus MeSH
- methan metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusičnany * MeSH
- mastné kyseliny MeSH
- methan MeSH
