OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to obtain current information on the prevalence and species representation of bacteria of the genus Campylobacter in dogs in Moravia and to evaluate the risk factors affecting their occurrence with respect to possible transmission to the human population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rectal swabs of dogs obtained in the routine practice of veterinarians in the South Moravian and Olomouc -regions were examined from May 2013 to December 2014. The basic tests were performed in laboratories of the State Veterinary Institute in Olomouc and the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno. To detect Campylobacter spp., the samples were cultured on mCCDA (modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar). Suspected colonies were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS (Biotyper Microflex, Bruker) or using specific PCR which allows to distinguish between the species C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari and C. upsaliensis. A detailed history was obtained from questionnaires completed by the dog owners. RESULTS: From a total of 258 rectal swabs examined, 41 samples were positive (16 %). The most frequently detected species was C. jejuni, followed by C. upsaliensis a C. coli. There was only one sample of C. lari. The evaluation of the questionnaire data showed that the frequency of Campylobacter spp. and their species representation depended on the age of the animals, the composition of feed and the clinical signs of the disease. CONCLUSION: Young dogs on a homemade diet and with diarrhea may be considered a risk group in terms of possible transmission of Campylobacter infections from pets to humans. Households with young children are the most affected group in the Czech Republic and EU countries. As such, they should be given a high priority with respect to the basic hygiene rules if they breed dogs, especially puppies.

• MeSH
• Campylobacter klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kampylobakterové infekce epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   přenos   veterinární   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci psů mikrobiologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• psi MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• zoonózy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• psi MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To monitor the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry in slaughterhouses, poultry and pork liver at retail, and cows milk in Moravia. To determine the resistance of animal isolates to selected antibiotics; and to compare it with an antibiogram of human strains. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Throughout the year 2013, the following samples were collected in the South Moravian and Olomouc Regions: mixed samples of broiler cecal contents in slaughterhouses, fresh and frozen chickens and pork liver at retail, and raw cows milk from vending machines. The samples were both qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter spp. The isolates recovered were tested for resistance to antibiotics. For comparison, antimicrobial resistance was also studied in human isolates from the same regions. RESULTS: A total of 41.8% of the tested food samples were found to contain Campylobacter spp.. The most contaminated (73.2%) were fresh chickens. Campylobacter spp. were not detected in raw cows milk samples. The isolates showed high levels of resistance to quinolone antibiotics and, in the case of C. coli, also to tetracycline and streptomycin. CONCLUSION: The studied commodities were frequently contaminated with Campylobacter spp. The levels of contamination (in CFU/g) varied between commodities and so, evidently, did the real risk for human infections. When antibiotic therapy is needed, quinolone antibiotics cannot be used. Adherence to high standards of consumer safe food handling is crucial for the prevention of diseases.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Campylobacter klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• kur domácí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami MeSH
• maso mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mléko mikrobiologie   MeSH
• potravní řetězec MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH

Campylobacteriosis belongs to the most frequent bacterial gastrointestinal infections worldwide. In the past several years, an increasing trend in the prevalence of campylobacteriosis has been observed in many countries. The rapid spread of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp. also poses a major challenge. The authors review current knowledge on the microbiology of Campylobacter spp., complex pathogenetic as well as pathophysiological mechanisms in the development and course of campylobacteriosis and related complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome.

• MeSH
• Campylobacter klasifikace   MeSH
• Guillainův-Barrého syndrom MeSH
• kampylobakterové infekce komplikace   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and characterization of the flaA gene from additional isolates of urease-positive thermophilic Campylobacter (UPTC) were performed. These isolates were obtained from the natural environment in Northern Ireland (n = 9 from mussels) and in England (n = 1 from sea water). All isolates carried the shorter flaA gene, [open reading frames (ORFs), 1,461 to 1,503 base pairs], without any internal termination codons, and did not carry any flaA pseudogenes. The UPTC isolates were well discriminated by the neighbor joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree constructed based on the putative flaA genes ORFs nucleotide sequence information. In addition, the NJ tree constructed based on the flaA-short variable region sequence information discriminated the Campylobacter lari isolates with a similar degree of discrimination power.

• MeSH
• Campylobacter lari klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Campylobacter klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• flagelin chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• klonování DNA MeSH
• mlži mikrobiologie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• mořská voda mikrobiologie   MeSH
• otevřené čtecí rámce MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA metody   MeSH
• sekvenční seřazení MeSH
• ureasa metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Anglie MeSH
• Severní Irsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• flaA protein, bacteria MeSH Prohlížeč
• flagelin MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH
• ureasa MeSH

Model samples of Campylobacter jejuni for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were prepared by rapid and simple procedures consisting of centrifugation, proteinase K treatment, Chelex 100 treatment, and boiling lyses. A PCR based on specific amplification of the variable sequence of 16S rRNA gene was performed using Tth DNA polymerase and the PCR products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. The assay allowed the detection of 10 CFU/mL C. jejuni in the physiological saline and 100 CFU/mL in the basic Park and Sanders broth.

• MeSH
• Campylobacter coli klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Campylobacter klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• chlorid sodný MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorid sodný MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH

AIMS: The differences between phenotyping and genotyping (polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism) of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari and Campylobacter upsaliensis were assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 51, 63 and 88 strains from dogs, pigs and humans, respectively, were examined. The strains were first typed by biochemical methods, then by PCR-RFLP using AluI and Tsp509I. None of the strains were typed as Camp. lari by the PCR-RFLP. The biggest differences were found in the identification of Camp. jejuni and Camp. coli. The main discrepancies were caused with the hippurate hydrolysis test and sensitivity to cephalothin and nalidixic acid. Strains which were identified biochemically as Camp. coli and by digestion with AluI as Camp. jejuni (eight strains) were tested for the presence of the hippuricase gene. CONCLUSION: The PCR typing results showed the presence of the hippuricase gene as unique to Camp. jejuni. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: A reliable identification of Campylobacter spp. should be supplemented with a molecular method.

• MeSH
• Campylobacter klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• geny rRNA MeSH
• kampylobakterové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci koček mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nemoci prasat mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nemoci psů mikrobiologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• psi MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 23S genetika   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• RNA ribozomální 23S MeSH

A study was made of the incidence of Campylobacter upsaliensis among dogs and cats suffering from acute or chronic diarrhoea; 225 dogs and cats were examined and 51 strains were identified, 16 (7%) of which were Camp. upsaliensis. When rectal swabs were taken from a control group of 126 dogs and cats without clinical symptoms, 19 Campylobacter spp. and four Camp. upsaliensis were identified. All the Camp. upsaliensis strains were isolated in dogs. The Campylobacter strains were identified on the basis of their biochemical characteristics and by PCR (polymerase chain reaction).

• MeSH
• Campylobacter klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA bakterií analýza   MeSH
• geny rRNA MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kampylobakterové infekce epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• nemoci koček epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nemoci psů epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• průjem epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

• MeSH
• Campylobacter * klasifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• kampylobakterové infekce diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• žaludek mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Various identification schemes are used for the typification of the strains of Campylobacter sp.; some of them are based on the evaluation of tolerance to salt, ranging from 0 to 3.5%, others on the evaluation of the temperature ranges (0-45 degrees C), etc. During the study of collection strains as well as newly isolated strains the "producing - not producing" tests were found to be better than the "sensitive-resistant" tests. The evaluation of the tolerance of each strain is too much dependent on the given batch of nutrient medium. Microtests are undoubtedly reliable but depend on the age of the microorganism culture. High importance is attached to the demonstration of Natrium hippuratum hydrolysis, the fast method being more advantageous. In this paper a proposal of applied micro-test is presented, together with a proposal for the use of the phenomenon of haemolytic interaction (PHI).

• MeSH
• bakteriologické techniky MeSH
• Campylobacter klasifikace   MeSH
• hemolýza * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• Campylobacter klasifikace   MeSH
• enteritida mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kampylobakterové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH