The study investigates the effect of permanganate pre-oxidation on the coagulation of peptides/proteins of Microcystis aeruginosa which comprise a major proportion of the organic matter during cyanobacterial bloom decay. Four different permanganate dosages (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg KMnO4 mg-1 DOC) were applied prior to coagulation by ferric sulphate. Moreover, changes in sample characteristics, such as UV254, DOC content and molecular weight distribution, after pre-oxidation were monitored. The results showed that permanganate pre-oxidation led to a reduction in coagulant dose, increased organic matter removals by coagulation (by 5-12% depending on permanganate dose), microcystin removal (with reductions of 91-96%) and a shift of the optimum pH range from 4.3 to 6 without to 5.5-7.3 with pre-oxidation. Degradation of organic matter into inorganic carbon and adsorption of organic matter onto hydrous MnO2 are suggested as the main processes responsible for coagulation improvement. Moreover, permanganate prevented the formation of Fe-peptide/protein complexes that inhibit coagulation at pH about 6.2 without pre-oxidation. The study showed that carefully optimized dosing of permanganate improves cyanobacterial peptide/protein removal, with the benefit of microcystin elimination.

• Klíčová slova
• Algal organic matter, Coagulation, Microcystis aeruginosa, Peptides/proteins, Permanganate pre-oxidation, Water treatment,
• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• čištění vody * MeSH
• manganistan draselný chemie   MeSH
• Microcystis účinky léků   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• manganistan draselný MeSH

Teratogenic effects, which were remarkably similar to those induced by retinoic acids, have been seen in wild frogs indicating possible source of retinoids in the environment. Recent studies indicate that some cyanobacterial species can contain teratogenic retinoic acids (RAs) and their analogues. Retinoids are known to regulate important processes such as differentiation, development, and embryogenesis. The study investigated the effects of exudates (extracellular compounds) of two cyanobacteria species with retinoic-like activity and one algae species on embryonic development of amphibians. The retinoid-like activity determined by in vitro reporter gene assay reached 528ng retinoid equivalents (REQ)/L and 1000ng REQ/L in exudates of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa, respectively, while algal exudates showed no detectable activity. Total mean of retinoid-like copounds into exudate was 35.6ng ATRA/mil.cells for M.aeruginosa and 6.71ng ATRA/mil.cells for C.raciborskii, respectively. Toxicity tests with amphibian embryos up to 96h of development were carried out according to the standard guide for the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay Xenopus. Lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) of malformations (2.5-2.6µg/L REQ) were two times lower than LOEC for ATRA (5µg/L). The exudates of both cyanobacteria were indeed provoking diverse teratogenic effects (e.g. tail, gut and eyes deformation) and interference with growth in frogs embryos, while such effects were not observed for the algae. Xenopus embryos were also exposed to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in concentration range (1-40µg/L) equivalent to the REQs detected in cyanobacterial exudates. ATRA (10µg/L) caused similar teratogenic phenotypes at corresponding REQs as cyanobacterial exudates. The study confirms the ability of some species of cyanobacteria to produce retinoids naturally and excrete them directly into the environment at concentrations which might have adverse influence on the development of amphibians.

• Klíčová slova
• All-trans retinoic acid, Cyanobacterial exudates, Embryonic development, Retinoid-like activity, Retinoids, Xenopus laevis,
• MeSH
• biotest MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• embryonální vývoj účinky léků   MeSH
• fytoplankton metabolismus   MeSH
• Microcystis účinky léků   MeSH
• reportérové geny účinky léků   MeSH
• sinice metabolismus   MeSH
• teratogeny toxicita   MeSH
• tretinoin metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• Xenopus laevis embryologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• teratogeny MeSH
• tretinoin MeSH

Cyanobacteria pose a serious threat to water resources around the world. This is compounded by the fact that they are extremely resilient, having evolved numerous protective mechanisms to ensure their dominant position in their ecosystem. We show that treatment with nanoparticles of zerovalent iron (nZVI) is an effective and environmentally benign method for destroying and preventing the formation of cyanobacterial water blooms. The nanoparticles have multiple modes of action, including the removal of bioavailable phosphorus, the destruction of cyanobacterial cells, and the immobilization of microcystins, preventing their release into the water column. Ecotoxicological experiments showed that nZVI is a highly selective agent, having an EC(50) of 50 mg/L against cyanobacteria; this is 20-100 times lower than its EC(50) for algae, daphnids, water plants, and fishes. The primary product of nZVI treatment is nontoxic and highly aggregated Fe(OH)(3), which promotes flocculation and gradual settling of the decomposed cyanobacterial biomass.

• MeSH
• Araceae účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• čištění vody metody   MeSH
• Daphnia účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• hořčice rodu Sinapis účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kovové nanočástice toxicita   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vodu * analýza   MeSH
• listy rostlin účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Microcystis účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• mikrobiologie vody MeSH
• mikrocystiny analýza   MeSH
• Scenedesmus účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• železo toxicita   MeSH
• živorodka MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• mikrocystiny MeSH
• železo MeSH

Here is presented some of the first information on interactions of compounds produced by cyanobacteria and green algae with estrogen receptor signaling. Estrogenic potency of aqueous extracts and exudates (culture spent media with extracellular products) of seven species of cyanobacteria (10 different laboratory strains) and two algal species were assessed by use of in vitro trans-activation assays. Compounds produced by cyanobacteria and algae, and in particular those excreted from the cells, were estrogenic. Most exudates were estrogenic with potencies expressed at 50% of the maximum response under control of the estrogen receptor ranging from 0.2 to 7.2 ng 17β-estradiol (E(2)) equivalents (EEQ)/L. The greatest estrogenic potency was observed for exudates of Microcystis aerigunosa, a common species that forms water blooms. Aqueous extracts of both green algae, but only one species of cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon gracile) elicited significant estrogenicity with EEQ ranging from 15 to 280 ng 17β-estradiol (E(2))/g dry weight. Scenedesmus quadricauda exudates and extracts of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae were antagonistic to the ER when coexposed to E(2). The EEQ potency was not correlated with concentrations of cyanotoxins, such as microcystin and cylindrospermopsin, which suggests that the EEQ was comprised of other compounds. The study demonstrates some differences between the estrogenic potency of aqueous extracts prepared from the same species, but of different origin, while the effects of exudates were comparable within species. The observed estrogenic potencies are important namely in relation to the possible mass expansion of cyanobacteria and release of the active compounds into surrounding water.

• MeSH
• Aphanizomenon metabolismus   MeSH
• biotest MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• Chlorophyta metabolismus   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• estradiol metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• estrogeny metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• eutrofizace MeSH
• exsudáty a transsudáty chemie   MeSH
• mezibuněčná komunikace fyziologie   MeSH
• Microcystis účinky léků   MeSH
• receptory pro estrogeny metabolismus   MeSH
• sinice metabolismus   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory MeSH
• estradiol MeSH
• estrogeny MeSH
• receptory pro estrogeny MeSH

This study evaluated the influence of toxic cyanobacterial water blooms on the blood indices of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Experimental fish were exposed to a natural population of cyanobacterial water blooms (mainly Microcystis aeruginosa and M. ichthyoblabe), which contained microcystins [total concentration 133-284 μg g⁻¹ (DW), concentration in water 2.8-7.4 μg L⁻¹]. Haematological indices showed marked changes in fish exposed to the cyanobacterial population in comparison with the control group. Statistical evaluation of the influence of cyanobacterial water blooms on biochemical indices of the juvenile carp showed a distinct decrease in albumin, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, calcium, cholesterol, glucose, phosphorus and iron when compared to controls. Values of red blood counts [haemoglobin, haematocrit (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration] and lactate were significantly increased compared to controls. After exposure to cyanobacterial water bloom, the carp were kept in clean water to monitor the persistence of biochemical indices. The influence of cyanobacterial populations on calcium, cholesterol, glucose, lactate, phosphorus and PCV persisted up to 28 days after conclusion of the experiment. Duration of exposure, toxicity and density of cyanobacterial water blooms had an important impact on individual haematological indices.

• MeSH
• alanintransaminasa krev   MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny krev   toxicita   MeSH
• bilirubin krev   MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• eutrofizace účinky léků   MeSH
• fosfor krev   MeSH
• kapři krev   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná krev   MeSH
• Microcystis účinky léků   MeSH
• mikrocystiny krev   metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• mořské toxiny krev   toxicita   MeSH
• počet erytrocytů veterinární   MeSH
• rybí proteiny krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• sérový albumin analýza   MeSH
• toxiny kmene Cyanobacteria MeSH
• vápník krev   MeSH
• železo krev   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alanintransaminasa MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny MeSH
• bilirubin MeSH
• cholesterol MeSH
• fosfor MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH
• kyselina mléčná MeSH
• mikrocystiny MeSH
• mořské toxiny MeSH
• rybí proteiny MeSH
• sérový albumin MeSH
• toxiny kmene Cyanobacteria MeSH
• vápník MeSH
• železo MeSH