In Uganda, hypertension is a rapidly increasing non-communicable disease with high morbidity and mortality, leading to complications such as renal failure, heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarctions. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) among hypertensive patients at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 323 participants using convenience sampling, the study utilized structured questionnaires and data was analyzed using STATA. Results indicated that factors independently associated with LVH included alcohol consumption (aOR 0.26, 95%CI 0.10-0.70, P=0.007), lack of physical exercise (aOR 0.47, 95%CI 0.23-0.94, P=0.033), Low medication adherence (aOR 0.31, 95%CI 0.13-0.71, P=0.006)., female participants who had waist-hip-ratio >0.80 (aOR 3.70, 95%CI 1.18-11.64, P=0.025), diastolic blood pressure of 100 - 109 mmHg (aOR 4.58, 95%CI 1.65-12.74, P=0.004) and diastolic blood pressure of ≤89 mmHg (aOR 3.03, 95%CI 1.03-8.89, P=0.044). The study highlights the need for better management of hypertension and lifestyle modifications to reduce LVH prevalence.
- Klíčová slova
- Hypertension factors, Hypertrophy, Left ventricular,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypertenze * epidemiologie MeSH
- hypertrofie levé komory srdeční * epidemiologie MeSH
- konziliární vyšetření a konzultace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- srdeční arytmie * epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Uganda epidemiologie MeSH
- MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lacerace etiologie chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- perineum * zranění chirurgie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace * etiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- retence moči * etiologie epidemiologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- komentáře MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Uganda epidemiologie MeSH
In Uganda, hypertension is an escalating health issue, but there is limited specific data regarding the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) among hypertensive patients in eastern Uganda. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of LVH among hypertensive patients at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. A cross-sectional study conducted at the hospital enrolled 323 participants using convenience sampling. The results revealed a prevalence rate of 19.50 % for LVH, primarily observed in male participants and younger age groups (25-35 years). Furthermore, the study found a low incidence of associated cardiac arrhythmia, with only 1.59 % of participants having atrial fibrillation. These findings indicate a relatively low burden of LVH and arrhythmia in this population, emphasizing the importance of continued efforts in hypertension management and LVH prevention. Further research and interventions are necessary to mitigate the impact of hypertension-related complications in the eastern region of Uganda.
- Klíčová slova
- Burden, Cardiac arrhythmia, Hypertension, Left ventricular hypertrophy,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypertenze * epidemiologie MeSH
- hypertrofie levé komory srdeční * epidemiologie MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- konziliární vyšetření a konzultace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- srdeční arytmie * epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Uganda epidemiologie MeSH
Uganda's diverse small mammalian fauna thrives due to its rich habitat diversity, which hosts a wide range of blood parasites, including trypanosomes, particularly the subgenus Herpetosoma typical for rodent hosts. We screened a total of 711 small mammals from various habitats for trypanosomes, with 253 microscopically examined blood smears and 458 tissue samples tested by nested PCR of the 18S rRNA gene. Of 51 rodent and 12 shrew species tested, microscopic screening reaches 7% overall prevalence (with four rodent species positive out of 15 and none of the shrew species out of four), while nested PCR indicated a prevalence of 13% (17 rodent and five shrew species positive out of 49 and 10, respectively). We identified 27 genotypes representing 11 trypanosome species, of which the majority (24 genotypes/9 species) belong to the Herpetosoma subgenus. Among these, we detected 15 new genotypes and two putative new species, labeled AF24 (found in Lophuromys woosnami) and AF25 (in Graphiurus murinus). Our finding of three new genotypes of the previously detected species AF01 belonging to the subgenus Ornithotrypanum in two Grammomys species and Oenomys hypoxanthus clearly indicates the consistent occurrence of this avian trypanosome in African small mammals. Additionally, in Aethomys hindei, we detected the putative new species of the subgenus Aneza. Within the T. lewisi subclade, we detected eleven genotypes, including six new; however, only the genotype AF05b from Mus and Rattus represents the invasive T. lewisi. Our study has improved our understanding of trypanosome diversity in African small mammals. The detection of T. lewisi in native small mammals expands the range of host species and highlighting the need for a broader approach to the epidemiology of T. lewisi.
- Klíčová slova
- Aneza, Herpetosoma, Muridae, Ornithotrypanum, Soricidae,
- MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- Murinae parazitologie MeSH
- rejskovití MeSH
- Trypanosoma lewisi * genetika MeSH
- Trypanosoma * genetika MeSH
- trypanozomiáza * epidemiologie veterinární parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Uganda epidemiologie MeSH
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the spatial distribution of wild ungulates that pastoralist communities perceive as culprits in the transmission of cattle diseases outside protected areas in southwestern Uganda. Diseases are hypothesized as having influence on pastoralists' choice of cattle breed types. Until now, there have been no studies conducted on spatial patterns of wild animal species association with cattle breeds reared in Lake Mburo Conservation Area (LMCA), and how diseases transmitted therein potentially influence cattle breed herd sizes. METHODS: Animal population survey was carried out on cattle and wild ungulate species along transect lines laid perpendicular to the northern boundary of Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP). Data on the costs of cattle mortality and disease control were gathered using face-to-face interviews. We used SPSS version 17 for descriptive statistics to summarize unit cost of disease control at herd level, whereas chi-square (χ2) tests of goodness-of-fit were used to analyze observations on frequency of wild animal sightings, whose association with spatial distribution patterns of cattle breeds was examined using Pearson correlation test. RESULTS: Our results show inverse association of distance away from LMNP with wild animal populations and the cost of cattle disease control. The mean population of exotic cattle significantly increased as that of indigenous cattle decreased with increasing distance from LMNP. In a similar way, the cost of disease control and cattle abortion incidences were much lower in rangelands far away from LMNP (R2 = 0.965, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Spatial distribution of wild ungulates was significantly associated with reported cattle mortality, disease, and cost of disease control. Diseases and their costs of control potentially influenced spatial patterns of cattle breeds and breed herd sizes in LMCA, which in turn could affect range resource use for conserving different species of wild animals outside protected area.
- Klíčová slova
- Breed selection, Cattle production, Disease risks, Spatial pattern, Wildlife,
- MeSH
- divoká zvířata * MeSH
- nemoci skotu * epidemiologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- skot MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Uganda epidemiologie MeSH
Brucellosis in cattle and humans has received world-wide research attention as a neglected and re-emerging zoonotic disease with many routes of transmission. Studies of brucellosis in Uganda have emphasized occupational exposures and also revealed variations in prevalence levels by region and cattle production systems. To date, research linking pastoralist household income from dairy production to brucellosis and its transmission risk pathways do not exist in Uganda. We assessed whether spatial differences in unit milk prices can be explained by brucellosis prevalence in cattle along a distance gradient from Lake Mburo National Park in Uganda. Semi-structured interviews administered to 366 randomly selected household heads were supplemented with serological data on brucellosis in cattle. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation test, multiple regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 17. Serological results showed that 44% of cattle blood samples were sero-positive for brucellosis. The results obtained from interviews put the statistical mean of household reported cattle abortions at 5.39 (5.08-5.70 at 95% CI, n=366). Post-hoc analysis of variance revealed that both sero-positive cattle and reported cattle abortions significantly were much lower when moving outwards from the park boundary (p<0.05), while the price of milk increased significantly (p<0.05) along the same distance gradient. Further studies should identify public and private partnerships needed to create and strengthen good zoonotic brucellosis management practices at the nexus of wildlife and livestock in Uganda.
- Klíčová slova
- Brucellosis, Dairy production, Household income, Spatial pattern, Uganda,
- MeSH
- brucelóza epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- dobytek MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mlékárenství * MeSH
- mléko ekonomika MeSH
- nemoci skotu epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- prostorová analýza MeSH
- riziko MeSH
- skot MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Uganda epidemiologie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Although a high genetic diversity of Plasmodium spp. circulating in great apes has been revealed recently due to non-invasive methods enabling detection in faecal samples, little is known about the actual mechanisms underlying the presence of Plasmodium DNA in faeces. Great apes are commonly infected by strongylid nematodes, including hookworms, which cause intestinal bleeding. The impact of strongylid infections on the detection of Plasmodium DNA in faeces was assessed in wild, western, lowland gorillas from Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic and eastern chimpanzees from Kalinzu Forest Reserve, Uganda. METHODS: Fifty-one faecal samples from 22 habituated gorillas and 74 samples from 15 habituated chimpanzees were analysed using Cytochrome-b PCR assay and coprological methods. RESULTS: Overall, 26.4% of the analysed samples were positive for both Plasmodium spp. and strongylids. However, the results showed no significant impact of intensity of infections of strongylids on detection of Plasmodium DNA in gorilla and chimpanzee faeces. CONCLUSION: Bleeding caused by strongylid nematode Necator spp. cannot explain the presence of Plasmodium DNA in ape faeces.
- Klíčová slova
- Co-infection, Eastern chimpanzee, Faeces, Malaria, Necator spp., Plasmodium spp., Strongylid, Western lowland gorilla,
- MeSH
- Ancylostoma fyziologie MeSH
- ankylostomóza parazitologie MeSH
- feces chemie MeSH
- Gorilla gorilla * MeSH
- malárie epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- Necator fyziologie MeSH
- nekatoriáza parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci lidoopů epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Pan troglodytes * MeSH
- Plasmodium izolace a purifikace MeSH
- protozoální DNA analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Středoafrická republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Uganda epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- protozoální DNA MeSH
DNA sequence analysis was carried out on Strongyloides spp. larvae obtained from fecal samples of local humans, a wild western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and a central chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) inhabiting Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas (DSPA), Central African Republic, and eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) living in degraded forest fragments on farmland in Bulindi, Uganda. From humans, both Strongyloides fuelleborni and Strongyloides stercoralis were recorded, though the former was predominant. Only S. fuelleborni was present in the great apes in both areas. Phylogenetic analysis of partial mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (Cox1) and comparison of 18S rDNA hyper variable region IV (HVR-IV) sequences implied that in DSPA S. fuelleborni populations in humans differ from those in the nonhuman great apes.
- Klíčová slova
- Chimpanzee, Cox1, Gorilla, HVR-IV, Human, Strongyloides, Transmission,
- MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 1 genetika MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- Gorilla gorilla parazitologie MeSH
- larva genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA genetika MeSH
- nemoci lidoopů epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Pan troglodytes parazitologie MeSH
- protozoální DNA genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- Strongyloides klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- strongyloidiáza epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Středoafrická republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Uganda epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA MeSH
- protozoální DNA MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S MeSH
BACKGROUND: Habitat types can affect vector and pathogen distribution and transmission dynamics. The prevalence and genetic diversity of Plasmodium spp. in two eastern chimpanzee populations-Kalinzu Forest Reserve, Uganda and Issa Valley, Tanzania-inhabiting different habitat types was investigated. As a follow up study the effect of host sex and age on infections patterns in Kalinzu Forest Reserve chimpanzees was determined. METHODS: Molecular methods were employed to detect Plasmodium DNA from faecal samples collected from savanna-woodland (Issa Valley) and forest (Kalinzu Forest Reserve) chimpanzee populations. RESULTS: Based on a Cytochrome-b PCR assay, 32 out of 160 Kalinzu chimpanzee faecal samples were positive for Plasmodium DNA, whilst no positive sample was detected in 171 Issa Valley chimpanzee faecal samples. Sequence analysis revealed that previously known Laverania species (Plasmodium reichenowi, Plasmodium billbrayi and Plasmodium billcollinsi) are circulating in the Kalinzu chimpanzees. A significantly higher proportion of young individuals were tested positive for infections, and switching of Plasmodium spp. was reported in one individual. Amongst the positive individuals sampled more than once, the success of amplification of Plasmodium DNA from faeces varied over sampling time. CONCLUSION: The study showed marked differences in the prevalence of malaria parasites among free ranging chimpanzee populations living in different habitats. In addition, a clear pattern of Plasmodium infections with respect to host age was found. The results presented in this study contribute to understanding the ecological aspects underlying the malaria infections in the wild. Nevertheless, integrative long-term studies on vector abundance, Plasmodium diversity during different seasons between sites would provide more insight on the occurrence, distribution and ecology of these pathogens.
- Klíčová slova
- Cyt-b gene, Laverania, Malaria, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, Plasmodium spp.,
- MeSH
- cytochromy b genetika MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- malárie epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci primátů epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Pan troglodytes * MeSH
- Plasmodium klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- protozoální DNA genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- protozoální proteiny genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Tanzanie epidemiologie MeSH
- Uganda epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cytochromy b MeSH
- protozoální DNA MeSH
- protozoální proteiny MeSH
