This study explores the interaction of saponification products with microbial communities in aerobic and anaerobic sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It focuses on the reutilisation of waste cooking oils into soap and evaluates the biodegradation of these products using microbial respiration activity and biological oxygen demand (BOD) as indicators. Results demonstrate that soaps degrade effectively under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with anaerobic degradation contributing to methane production-a valuable biofuel. Importantly, no toxic effects on sludge microorganisms were observed. The research highlights that these saponification products can be fully integrated into the wastewater treatment process without adverse effects on microbial dynamics. Moreover, the economic analysis reveals that biosurfactants derived from used oils can be produced at a cost of approximately 0.12-3.0 EUR/kg, significantly lower than the 1-20 EUR/kg typically spent on chemical coagulants or synthetic surfactants used in WWTPs. These findings support the feasibility of repurposing waste oils into environmentally friendly, cost-effective treatment additives, enhancing microbial performance and promoting circular economy practices in wastewater management.
- Klíčová slova
- edible oil waste, microorganism respiration, sustainability, wastewater treatment efficiency,
- MeSH
- aerobióza MeSH
- anaerobióza MeSH
- Bacteria metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- čištění vody * metody MeSH
- měření biologické spotřeby kyslíku MeSH
- mýdla metabolismus MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování * metody MeSH
- odpadní voda * mikrobiologie chemie MeSH
- odpadní vody * mikrobiologie MeSH
- povrchově aktivní látky metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- mýdla MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
- odpadní vody * MeSH
- povrchově aktivní látky MeSH
This study presents the results of a seven-month testing of a pilot-scale ozonation system as a quaternary treatment of effluent from the WWTP in Blansko city (Czechia) with a focus on real-time control of ozonation technology based on the measurement of UV absorbance at wavelength 254 nm (UV254). The study investigated the effect of ozonation on 38 pharmaceuticals (PHAs) that were commonly found in Blansko WWTP effluent. Moreover, the method of ensuring a stable reduction of selected watchlist of PHAs in fluctuating conditions was investigated by evaluating UV254. During testing, an ozone dose of 0.8 mg O3/mg TOC was sufficient to reach 80 % overall removal of all investigated PHAs on average. It is necessary to mention that this sufficient dose only applies to the investigated set of pharmaceutical substances and might differ significantly for other sets of pharmaceuticals or different locations. The use of UV254 absorbance and its relative decrease during ozonation correlated to a stable and reasonably accurate monitoring of the actual level of PHAs removal of investigated/targeted PHAs. Estimating actual levels of reduction of evaluated substances in routine operation will significantly simplify operation, reduce the costs of analytical analyses and ensure compliance with required limits.
- Klíčová slova
- Advanced oxidation processes, Ozonation, Ozone control strategies, Pharmaceuticals, Wastewater treatment plant effluent,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * toxicita chemie MeSH
- čištění vody * metody MeSH
- léčivé přípravky chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování * metody MeSH
- odpadní voda * chemie MeSH
- ozon * chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- léčivé přípravky MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
- ozon * MeSH
The effect of the antibiotic tetracycline on the growth and photosynthetic activity of the diatoms Cyclotella caspia Grunow, 1878, and Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) G.A. Fryxell & Hasle, 1977, has been studied. The rate of tetracycline concentration decreases in the medium with and without has been estimated. The expediency and prospects of using diatoms as promising objects for water purification from tetracycline are shown. It was found that the rate and efficiency of tetracycline removal from the medium in the presence of algae depends on the initial content of the pollutant in the medium. The maximum efficiency of antibiotic removal is observed at concentrations of the pollutant provoking the hormesis growth of algae at 5 mg/L in C. caspia and 10 mg/L in T. weissflogii. In samples with C. caspia and tetracycline, the residual antibiotic content in the medium was 10-14% lower than in samples without algae. In the experiment with T. weissflogii, this indicator reached 15-16%. At concentrations of the pollutant, 2 and 10 mg/L in C. caspia and 2 and 5 mg/L in T. weissflogii, the effectiveness of removing the antibiotic by algae was lower. The residual content of tetracycline in the medium was on average 8-11% lower than in samples without algae. At antibiotic concentrations of 15 and 20 mg/L, the rate of its removal in samples with and without algae did not significantly differ. This result is obviously due to the toxic effect of tetracycline on cells, leading to pronounced inhibition of algae growth and/or death.
- Klíčová slova
- Destruction of tetracycline, Hormesis effect, Microalgae, Phytoremediation, Tetracycline antibiotic,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * metabolismus MeSH
- čištění vody * metody MeSH
- fotosyntéza účinky léků MeSH
- rozsivky * růst a vývoj metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- tetracyklin * metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky * MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- tetracyklin * MeSH
This study evaluates the removal efficiency of 15 estrogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds in two operational constructed wetlands with different designs: a hybrid system (constructed wetland A) and a horizontal system (constructed wetland B). The assessment involved analyzing composite water samples obtained from passive samplers through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with yeast assays. Additionally, grab samples of sludge and sediment were examined to determine the endocrine-disrupting compound's adsorption efficacy. The application of the full logistic model enabled the discernment and ranking of the chemicals contributing to mixture toxicity. The findings revealed constructed wetland A's superior efficacy in the removal of individual endocrine-disrupting compounds (with an average efficiency of 94%) compared to constructed wetland B (60%). Furthermore, constructed wetland A displayed a higher estimated estrogenic activity removal efficiency (83%) relative to constructed wetland B (52%). Estrogenic activity was adequately accounted for (58-120%) in half of the analyzed samples, highlighting estrone as the primary estrogenic agent. The investigation underscores constructed wetlands' effectiveness in purging endocrine-disrupting compounds, suggesting that their integration as secondary or tertiary treatment systems for such pollutants removal merits further exploration.
- Klíčová slova
- constructed wetlands, endocrine-disrupting compounds, estrogenic activity, hybrid-constructed wetlands, tertiary treatment,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- čištění vody * metody MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory * izolace a purifikace chemie MeSH
- mokřady MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování * metody MeSH
- odpadní voda * chemie MeSH
- recyklace * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory * MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
The highly efficient degradation of persistent organic substances by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), which don't result in the formation of potentially harmful by-products, is crucial for the future of water management. In this study, boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDE) with three morphologies (planar 2D, microstructured 2D, and macroporous 3D) were employed for the anodic oxidation of diclofenac (DCF) in two working electrolytes (NaCl and Na2SO4). In total, 11 by-products formed during the electrochemical oxidation of DCF were identified via HPLC-HRMS. The identification of degradation products revealed the formation of various active chlorinated species. The utilization of a chlorine-free Na2SO4 electrolyte resulted in the formation of greater number of chlorinated species, while their elimination required a longer period compared to the use of NaCl electrolyte. The formation of by-products was also influenced by the specific type of BDD electrode, which was associated with variations in applied current density. This led to an uneven distribution of dichloro (2D BDDE) and trichloro (3D BDDE) patterns. However, none of the products showed signs of a high level of persistence. The results revealed that the type of electrolyte is the most significant factor affecting the removal efficiency of DCF, while the different electrode morphologies do not lead to differences in the removal rates. The electrode type exerted a notable influence on the removal rates, which was associated with varying applied current densities, exclusively in the case of the Na₂SO₄ electrolyte. Over 99 % removal efficiency for DCF in NaCl, with power consumption of 1.8 kWh m-3 was achieved.
- Klíčová slova
- Boron doped diamond, Persistent pollutants, degradation intermediates, electrochemical oxidation,
- MeSH
- bor * chemie MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie analýza MeSH
- čištění vody * metody MeSH
- diamant * chemie MeSH
- diklofenak * chemie analýza MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky * metody MeSH
- elektrody MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- poréznost MeSH
- voda chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- bor * MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- diamant * MeSH
- diklofenak * MeSH
- voda MeSH
In the Czech Republic, underground or mixed source water treatment plants are classified as the workplaces with possible increased exposure from a natural source of radiation. When releasing waste materials or residues from these NORM workplaces into the environment, the content of natural radionuclides is measured and compared with the clearance levels established by Czech legislation. The content of natural radionuclides in solid samples is determined primarily by high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Six radionuclides, 238U, 228Th, 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb, 40K, are measured directly or by their measurable decay products (assuming equilibrium), the activity concentration of the other four radionuclides, 234U, 230Th, 210Po, 232Th is conservatively estimated. The study is focused on mapping the properties of NORM arising from the treatment of groundwater and, based on the real samples measurement, verification of new proposed assessment approach. It was tested whether the knowledge of the content of natural radionuclides in water can be practically used to estimate the content in NORM. Samples of water, filter material or sludge were taken from 16 different water treatment plants. Combination of gamma-ray spectrometry and radiochemical methods were applied to determine the content of radionuclides 234U, 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra, 228Th, 230Th and 232Th in solid NORM, and radionuclides 234U, 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra in water. Based on the results the proposed modification of the assessment was verified.
- Klíčová slova
- Disequilibrium in decay series, NORM, Water treatment plant,
- MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- monitorování radiace * metody MeSH
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující vodu * analýza MeSH
- radium * analýza MeSH
- spektrometrie gama MeSH
- thorium * analýza MeSH
- uran * analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- radioaktivní látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- radium * MeSH
- thorium * MeSH
- uran * MeSH
In this transdisciplinary study, we investigated, using genomic tools and physico-chemical parameters, the effect of Moringa oleifera seed (MOS) on the removal of microorganisms and pharmaceutic residues (antibiotics), and also the development of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in water samples from a domestic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) prototype. Water samples were analyzed with and without the addition of powder of MOS. The results showed that MOS addition reduced the total bacterial load from 1.73 × 1010 ± 3.21 × 109 to 6.67 × 106 ± 5.77 × 106 CFU/L, while fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli were removed with efficiencies of 99% and 57%, respectively. Furthermore, MOS treatment resulted in a reduction in fecal coliforms and E. coli resistant to ampicillin by about 100% and 96%, respectively. The results indicated that ciprofloxacin removal efficiencies at 29 °C were over 93% (fecal coliforms) and 68% (E. coli) with doxycycline. Adding MOS significantly reduced the copy number of the 16S rRNA gene and the genes conferring resistance to β-lactam (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM). However, MOS does not reveal real effectiveness on removal of pollutants (phosphorus and nitrates) contrary to what was expected. Additional studies are needed for confirmation from our observations. The findings of this study, whatever the functioning conditions (not optimal) of the prototype followed over 4 years, confirmed that MOS is potentially an effective natural and environmentally friendly coagulant that could be applied to wastewater treatment in low-income countries to remove or minimize multiple pollutants and control ARG spread. To promote sustainable development, this small-scale study provides guidance for designing infrastructure in resource-limited locations to take advantage of MOS effects in wastewater treatments.
- Klíčová slova
- Moringa oleifera seeds, Antibiotic resistant, Genomic, Natural coagulant, Pharmaceutic residues, Pollutants, Prototype, Resistant genes, Wastewater,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- Escherichia coli * MeSH
- Moringa oleifera * MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování metody MeSH
- odpadní voda * chemie MeSH
- semena rostlinná * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
Adsorptive removal of phosphate plays a crucial role in mitigating eutrophication. Herein, the Zr/Fe embedded chitosan/alginate hydrogel bead (Zr/Fe/CS/Alg) is reported as an effective phosphate adsorbent. This polymer nanocomposite is synthesized by the in-situ reduction of the metals on the polymer matrix. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by the FTIR, SEM-EDX, TGA, BET, and XPS. The adsorbent showed a maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of 221.72 mg/g at pH 3. The experimental data fit well with the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics model, indicating a heterogeneous multilayer surface formation and a chemisorption-dominated adsorption process. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations revealed high negative adsorption energy due to the chemisorption of phosphate on the adsorbent. Hence, the major interactions such as electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and inner-sphere complexation of phosphate adsorption and Zr/Fe/CS/Alg hydrogel beads were investigated from the experimental and computational analysis. The negative values of thermodynamic parameters indicated a spontaneous, exothermic, and less random adsorption process. The synthesized adsorbent exhibited excellent selectivity toward phosphate and maintained 73 % efficiency after six adsorption/desorption cycles. The Zr/Fe/CS/Alg hydrogel beads reduced the phosphate concentration in real wastewater samples from 19.02 mg/L to 0.985 mg/L, suggesting that these nanocomposite hydrogel beads could be a promising adsorbent for real-world applications.
- Klíčová slova
- Adsorption, Alginate, Chitosan, Fe-Zr-polymer nanocomposite, Phosphate removal, Wastewater,
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- algináty * chemie MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- chitosan * chemie MeSH
- čištění vody * metody MeSH
- fosfáty * chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hydrogely * chemie MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- odpadní voda * chemie MeSH
- termodynamika MeSH
- železo * chemie MeSH
- zirkonium * chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- algináty * MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- chitosan * MeSH
- fosfáty * MeSH
- hydrogely * MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
- železo * MeSH
- zirkonium * MeSH
Low-dosage nitrate pollutants can contribute to eutrophication in surface water bodies, such as lakes and reservoirs. This study employed assembled denitrifying bacterial-fungal communities as bio-denitrifiers, in combination with zero-valent iron (ZVI), to treat micro-polluted water. Immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed communities (IBFMC) reactors demonstrated their ability to reduce nitrate and organic carbon by over 43.2 % and 53.7 %, respectively. Compared to IBFMC reactors, IBFMC combined with ZVI (IBFMC@ZVI) reactors exhibited enhanced removal efficiencies for nitrate and organic carbon, reaching the highest of 31.55 % and 17.66 %, respectively. The presence of ZVI in the IBFMC@ZVI reactors stimulated various aspects of microbial activity, including the metabolic processes, electron transfer system activities, abundance of functional genes and enzymes, and diversity and richness of microbial communities. The contents of adenosine triphosphate and electron transfer system activities enhanced more than 5.6 and 1.43 folds in the IBFMC@ZVI reactors compared with IBFMC reactors. Furthermore, significant improvement of crucial genes and enzyme denitrification chains was observed in the IBFMC@ZVI reactors. Iron played a central role in enhancing microbial diversity and activity, and promoting the supply, and transfer of inorganic electron donors. This study presents an innovative approach for applying denitrifying bacterial-fungal communities combined with iron enhancing efficient denitrification in micro-polluted water.
- Klíčová slova
- Denitrification bacterial-fungal communities, Dynamic migration of communities, Functional genes, Low-dosage nitrate, Mixotrophic aerobic denitrification,
- MeSH
- aerobióza MeSH
- Bacteria * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- bioreaktory MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * metabolismus MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- denitrifikace * MeSH
- dusičnany metabolismus MeSH
- houby * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- železo * metabolismus chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- dusičnany MeSH
- železo * MeSH
In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) intercalated CuFe layered double hydroxides (LDH) membranes were fabricated and investigated for UV-LED/persulfate degradation of methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), methyl orange (MO), and Eriochrome black T (EBT) dyes from water. The PVDF-CuFe membrane exhibited improved heterogeneity, surface functionality (CuO, Fe-O, Cu-O-Fe), surface roughness, and hydrophilicity. The process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology, and maximum MB removal (100%) was achieved within 45.22-178.5 min at MB concentration (29.45-101.93 mg/L), PP concentration (0.5-2.41 g/L) and catalyst dosage (1.84-1.95 g/L). The degradation kinetics was well described by a pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.982) and fast reaction rate (0.029-0.089/min). The MB dye degradation mechanism is associated with HO·/SO4•- reactive species generated by Fe3+/Fe2+ or Cu2+/Cu+ in PVDF-CuFe membrane and PP dissociation. The PVDF-CuFe membrane demonstrated excellent recyclability performance with a 12% reduction after five consecutive cycles. The catalytic membrane showed excellent photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet (100%), methyl orange (79%), and Eriochrome black T (60%). The results showed that UV-LED/persulfate-assisted PVDF-CuFe membranes can be used as a recyclable catalyst for the effective degradation of dye-contaminated water streams.
- Klíčová slova
- Dye pollution, Nanoparticles, Photocatalytic membranes: response surface methadology, Photodegradation,
- MeSH
- azosloučeniny * chemie MeSH
- barvicí látky * chemie MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * chemie MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- fluorokarbonové polymery MeSH
- genciánová violeť chemie MeSH
- hydroxidy * chemie MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- měď chemie MeSH
- methylenová modř * chemie MeSH
- polyvinyly * chemie MeSH
- regenerace a remediace životního prostředí metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- azosloučeniny * MeSH
- barvicí látky * MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- Eriochrome Black T MeSH Prohlížeč
- fluorokarbonové polymery MeSH
- genciánová violeť MeSH
- hydroxidy * MeSH
- měď MeSH
- methyl orange MeSH Prohlížeč
- methylenová modř * MeSH
- polyvinylidene fluoride MeSH Prohlížeč
- polyvinyly * MeSH
