This study investigates the role of the dorsal/sensorimotor striatum in visuomotor integration (i.e., the transformation of internal visual information about letter shapes into motor output) during handwriting. Twenty healthy participants underwent fMRI scanning with tasks consisting of self-paced handwriting of alphabetically ordered single letters and simple dots, with both tasks performed without visual feedback. Functional connectivity (FC) from these two tasks was compared to demonstrate the difference between coordinated activity arising during handwriting and the activity during a simpler motor condition. Our study focused upon the writing-specific cortico-striatal network of preselected regions of interest consisting of the visual word form area (VWFA), anterior intraparietal sulcus/superior parietal lobule, striatum, premotor cortex/Exner's area, and primary and supplementary motor regions. We observed systematically increased task-induced cortico-striatal and cortico-cortical FC. This increased synchronization of neural activity between the VWFA, i.e., the visual cortical area containing information about letter shapes, and the frontoparietal motor regions is mediated by the striatum. These findings suggest the involvement of the striatum in integrating stored letter-shape information with motor planning and execution during handwriting.

• Klíčová slova
• Basal ganglia, Functional connectivity, Handwriting, Striatum, Visuomotor integration, fMRI,
• MeSH
• corpus striatum diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• nervová síť diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita fyziologie   MeSH
• psaní rukou * MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpoznávání obrazu fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Functional connectivity is abnormal in PD and in early Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate resting-state striato-cortical connectivity in PD and Alzheimer's disease and assess their relation to cognitive outcomes. Groups with mild cognitive impairment as a result of different pathologies (PD vs. Alzheimer's disease) were also compared. METHODS: Seed-based connectivity of the dorsal, middle, and ventral striatum was analyzed in 111 patients using functional MRI. The correlation between connectivity at regions of between-group differences and clinical outcomes was assessed. RESULTS: Patients showed lower striatal connectivity than controls. Connectivity between the middle (associative) striatum and precuneus negatively correlated with executive functions in PD and with memory performance in Alzheimer's disease. PD with cognitive impairment showed decreased connectivity of the dorsal (motor) striatum when compared with early Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS: Striatal connectivity was reduced in patients when compared with controls. Similar compensatory mechanisms were employed to overcome various cognitive deficits in PD and Alzheimer's disease. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

• Klíčová slova
• Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cognition, resting state functional connectivity, striatum,
• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• corpus striatum diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• exekutivní funkce fyziologie   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• konektom metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Wilson's disease (WD) is a hereditary disorder caused by ATP7B mutations resulting in systemic copper accumulation. WD may manifest as early-adulthood parkinsonism; and atypical cases may be difficult to distinguish from early-onset Parkinson's disease (EO-PD), a neurodegenerative disorder with onset ≤40 years of age. The aim of our study was to compare transcranial sonography (TCS)-magnetic resonance fusion imaging in WD and EO-PD and examine whether TCS can provide clinically useful information. METHODS: We examined 22 WD, 16 EO-PD, and 24 healthy control subjects. We measured echogenicity and determined presence of MRI signal changes in T2-weighted images in the substantia nigra (SN) and lentiform nucleus (NL). TCS with the capability of magnetic resonance fusion and Virtual Navigator was used. The echogenicity indices of SN and NL were processed using digital image analysis to eliminate subjective evaluation errors. RESULTS: Mean SN echogenicity index in EO-PD (39.8 ± 5.9 [SD]) was higher compared to WD (28.0 ± 4.6, p < 0.0001) and control subjects (28.8 ± 4.9, p < 0.0001). Mean NL echogenicity index was higher in WD (117.5 ± 37.0) compared to EO-PD (61.6 ± 5.4, p < 0.0001) and control subjects (54.9 ± 11.2, p < 0.0001). The SN hyperechogenicity had sensitivity 93.8%, and specificity 90.9%, while the NL hyperechogenicity had sensitivity 95.5% and specificity 93.8% for differentiation of WD and EO-PD. NL hyperechogenicity was more pronounced in WD subjects with putaminal MRI T2 hyperintensity (p < 0.05) but was also present in subjects without MRI abnormality. CONCLUSIONS: There are distinct TCS findings in WD and EO-PD complementary to MRI that can be utilized as highly sensitive and specific biomarkers of these disorders.

• Klíčová slova
• Copper, Early-onset Parkinson's disease, MRI, Transcranial sonography, Wilson's disease,
• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• corpus striatum diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hepatolentikulární degenerace diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie normy   MeSH
• multimodální zobrazování MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• ultrasonografie dopplerovská transkraniální normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH

BACKGROUND: Transcranial sonography (TCS) in the B-mode has the ability to image, infratentorial and supratentorial brain structures. For this reason, it has potential use in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various intracranial pathologies. METHODS AND RESULTS: The authors reviewed the contribution of TCS to the differentiation of a number of neurodegenerative diseases: in parkinsonian syndromes, TCS can evaluate echogenicity changes in specific structures such as the hyperechogenic area of the substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinson's disease and the hyperechogenic caudate nucleus in Huntington's disease as well as the hyperechogenic lentiform nucleus (LN) in dystonia and Wilson's disease. In parkinson-plus syndromes, TCS may detect changes in width of the third ventricle and of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricle. The hyperechogenic SN can also be used in healthy populations as a marker of subclinical injury to the nigrostriatal system. CONCLUSION: TCS is a quick, safe and non-invasive method. It could be helpful in differentiation between several movement disorders together with clinical examination and other neuroimaging methods.

• MeSH
• corpus striatum diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• echoencefalografie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozkové komory diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• neurodegenerativní nemoci diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nucleus caudatus diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• pohybové poruchy diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• substantia nigra diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

We studied whether the (123)I-FP-CIT uptake in the striatum correlates with depressive symptoms and cognitive performance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Twenty patients with PD without major depression and/or dementia (mean age 61.7 +/- 12.7 years) underwent the (123)I-FP-CIT SPECT. Depressive symptoms and cognitive performance were assessed in the ON state. The ratios of striatal to occipital binding for the entire striatum, putamina, and putamen to the caudate (put/caud) index were calculated in the basal ganglia. The association between neuropsychiatric measures and dopamine transporter (DAT) availability was calculated; multiple regression analysis was used to assess association with age and disease duration. We found significant correlations between Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MARDS) and Tower of London (TOL) task scores and (123)I-FP-CIT uptake in various striatal ROIs. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the significant relationship between TOL performance and put/caud ratio (P = 0.001) and to age (P = 0.001), and between MADRS and left striatal (P = 0.005) and putaminal DAT availability (P = 0.003). Our pilot study results demonstrate that imaging with (123)I-FP-CIT SPECT appears to be sensitive for detecting dopaminergic deficit associated with mild depressive symptoms and specific cognitive dysfunction in patients with PD, yet without a current depressive episode and/or dementia.

• MeSH
• corpus striatum diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   MeSH
• deprese diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   MeSH
• jednofotonová emisní výpočetní tomografie metody   MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• proteiny přenášející dopamin přes plazmatickou membránu metabolismus   MeSH
• radioizotopy jodu MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• tropany MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane MeSH Prohlížeč
• proteiny přenášející dopamin přes plazmatickou membránu MeSH
• radioizotopy jodu MeSH
• tropany MeSH