The skin is the primary tissue affected by wounds and aging, significantly impacting its protective function. Natural products are widely used in cosmetics, representing a new approach to preventing age-related damage. Nanomedicine combines nanotechnology and traditional treatments to create innovative drugs. The main targets of nanotechnological approaches are wound healing, regeneration, and rejuvenation of skin tissue. The skin barrier is not easily permeable, and the creation of modern nanodevices is a way to improve the passive penetration of substances. In this study, Helichrysum italicum oil (HO) was combined with different types of electrospun nanofibers to study their protective activity on the skin and to evaluate their future application for topical treatments. In the present research, we used biodegradable polymers, including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). All results show a positive trend in cell proliferation and viability of human skin stem cells (SSCs) and BJ fibroblasts pre-treated with combined nanofibers and then exposed to UV stress. Gene expression analysis revealed the activation of a molecular rejuvenation program in SSCs treated with functionalized nanofibers before UV exposure. Understanding the mechanisms involved in skin changes during aging allows for the future application of nanomaterials combined with HO directly to the patients.

• Klíčová slova
• Helichrysum italicum, bioactive molecules, drug delivery, molecular mechanisms, nanofibers, nanosystem, skin aging, stem cells,
• MeSH
• biologické přípravky * farmakologie   MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• kůže MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nanovlákna * MeSH
• polyvinylalkohol MeSH
• stárnutí kůže * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické přípravky * MeSH
• polyvinylalkohol MeSH

Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive non-invasive method offering numerous advantages over the conventional routes of administration. The main obstacle to drug transport is, however, the powerful skin barrier that needs to be modulated, for example, by transdermal permeation enhancers. Unfortunately, there are still only a few enhancers showing optimum properties including low toxicity and reversibility of enhancing effects. For this reason, we investigated a series of new N-alkylmorpholines with various side chains as potential enhancers in an in vitro permeation study, using three model permeants (theophylline, indomethacin, diclofenac). Moreover, electrical impedance, transepidermal water loss, cellular toxicity and infrared spectroscopy measurements were applied to assess the effect of enhancers on skin integrity, reversibility, toxicity and enhancers' mode of action, respectively. Our results showed a bell-shaped relationship between the enhancing activity and the hydrocarbon chain length of the N-alkylmorpholines, with the most efficient derivatives having 10-14 carbons for both transdermal and dermal delivery. These structures were even more potent than the unsaturated oleyl derivative. The best results were obtained for indomethacin, where particularly the C10-14 derivatives showed significantly stronger effects than the traditional enhancer Azone. Further experiments revealed reversibility in the enhancing effect, acceptable toxicity and a mode of action based predominantly on interactions with stratum corneum lipids.

• Klíčová slova
• dermal and transdermal drug delivery, morpholine derivatives, skin barrier, skin permeation enhancers,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Skin is the external part of the human body; thus, it is exposed to outer stimuli leading to injuries and damage, due to being the tissue mostly affected by wounds and aging that compromise its protective function. The recent extension of the average lifespan raises the interest in products capable of counteracting skin related health conditions. However, the skin barrier is not easy to permeate and could be influenced by different factors. In the last decades an innovative pharmacotherapeutic approach has been possible thanks to the advent of nanomedicine. Nanodevices can represent an appropriate formulation to enhance the passive penetration, modulate drug solubility and increase the thermodynamic activity of drugs. Here, we summarize the recent nanotechnological approaches to maintain and replace skin homeostasis, with particular attention to nanomaterials applications on wound healing, regeneration and rejuvenation of skin tissue. The different nanomaterials as nanofibers, hydrogels, nanosuspensions, and nanoparticles are described and in particular we highlight their main chemical features that are useful in drug delivery and tissue regeneration.

• Klíčová slova
• cellular mechanisms, nanomaterials, regenerative medicine, skin, stem cells,
• MeSH
• fyziologie kůže účinky léků   MeSH
• kůže metabolismus   MeSH
• lékové transportní systémy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nanostruktury terapeutické užití   MeSH
• omlazení * MeSH
• regenerace účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Tissue homeostasis mainly depends on the activity of stem cells to replace damaged elements and restore tissue functions. Within this context, mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis in skin, in particular in the dermis. Modifications in collagen fibers are able to affect stem cell features. Skin properties can be significantly reduced after injuries or with aging, and stem cell niches, mainly comprising extracellular matrix (ECM), may be compromised. To this end, specific molecules can be administrated to prevent the aging process induced by UV exposure in the attempt to maintain a youngness phenotype. NanoPCL-M is a novel nanodevice able to control delivery of Mediterranean plant myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) extracts. In particular, we previously described that myrtle extracts, rich in bioactive molecules and nutraceuticals, were able to counteract senescence in adipose derived stem cells. In this study, we analyzed the effect of NanoPCL-M on skin stem cells (SSCs) and dermal fibroblasts in a dynamic cell culture model in order to prevent the effects of UV-induced senescence on proliferation and collagen depot. The BrdU assay results highlight the significantly positive effect of NanoPCL-M on the proliferation of both fibroblasts and SSCs. Our results demonstrate that-M is able to preserve SSCs features and collagen depot after UV-induced senescence, suggesting their capability to retain a young phenotype.

• Klíčová slova
• cell senescence, cellular mechanisms, nanofibers, natural extracts, skin aging, stem cells,
• MeSH
• fibroblasty metabolismus   MeSH
• fytonutrienty * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• kmenové buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Myrtus chemie   MeSH
• nanovlákna chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• stárnutí buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fytonutrienty * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * MeSH

Natural cosmetic products have recently re-emerged as a novel tool able to counteract skin aging and skin related damages. In addition, recently achieved progress in nanomedicine opens a novel approach yielding from combination of modern nanotechnology with traditional treatment for innovative pharmacotherapeutics. In the present study, we investigated the antiaging effect of a pretreatment with Myrtus communis natural extract combined with a polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffold (NanoPCL-M) on skin cell populations exposed to UV. We set up a novel model of skin on a bioreactor mimicking a crosstalk between keratinocytes, stem cells and fibroblasts, as in skin. Beta-galactosidase assay, indicating the amount of senescent cells, and viability assay, revealed that fibroblasts and stem cells pretreated with NanoPCL-M and then exposed to UV are superimposable to control cells, untreated and unexposed to UV damage. On the other hand, cells only exposed to UV stress, without NanoPCL-M pretreatment, exhibited a significantly higher yield of senescent elements. Keratinocyte-based 3D structures appeared disjointed after UV-stress, as compared to NanoPCL-M pretreated samples. Gene expression analysis performed on different senescence associated genes, revealed the activation of a molecular program of rejuvenation in stem cells pretreated with NanoPCL-M and then exposed to UV. Altogether, our results highlight a future translational application of NanoPCL-M to prevent skin aging.

• Klíčová slova
• 4D dynamic model, biophysics, cell senescence, cellular mechanisms, nanofibers, natural extracts, precision medicine, skin aging, stem cells,
• MeSH
• exprese genu účinky léků   MeSH
• fibroblasty účinky léků   MeSH
• keratinocyty účinky léků   MeSH
• kmenové buňky účinky léků   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• kůže účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Myrtus chemie   MeSH
• nanovlákna chemie   MeSH
• polyestery chemie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• stárnutí buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• stárnutí kůže účinky léků   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• polycaprolactone MeSH Prohlížeč
• polyestery MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Skin penetration/permeation enhancers are compounds that improve (trans)dermal drug delivery. We designed hybrid terpene-amino acid enhancers by conjugating natural terpenes (citronellol, geraniol, nerol, farnesol, linalool, perillyl alcohol, menthol, borneol, carveol) or cinnamyl alcohol with 6-(dimethylamino)hexanoic acid through a biodegradable ester linker. The compounds were screened for their ability to increase the delivery of theophylline and hydrocortisone through and into human skin ex vivo. The citronellyl, bornyl and cinnamyl esters showed exceptional permeation-enhancing properties (enhancement ratios up to 82) while having low cellular toxicities. The barrier function of enhancer-treated skin (assessed by transepidermal water loss and electrical impedance) recovered within 24 h. Infrared spectroscopy suggested that these esters fluidized the stratum corneum lipids. Furthermore, the citronellyl ester increased the epidermal concentration of topically applied cidofovir, which is a potent antiviral and anticancer drug, by 15-fold. In conclusion, citronellyl 6-(dimethylamino)hexanoate is an outstanding enhancer with an advantageous combination of properties, which may improve the delivery of drugs that have a limited ability to cross biological barriers.

• MeSH
• alkoholy chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• aplikace kožní MeSH
• buňky 3T3 MeSH
• cidofovir aplikace a dávkování   chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• epidermis účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• estery chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• farmaceutická chemie MeSH
• farmaceutické pomocné látky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• hydrokortison aplikace a dávkování   chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• keratinocyty MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• monoterpeny chemie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• permeabilita účinky léků   MeSH
• perspiratio insensibilis účinky léků   MeSH
• příprava léků metody   MeSH
• terpeny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• testy akutní toxicity MeSH
• theofylin aplikace a dávkování   chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkoholy MeSH
• cidofovir MeSH
• estery MeSH
• farmaceutické pomocné látky MeSH
• hydrokortison MeSH
• monoterpeny MeSH
• perillyl alcohol MeSH Prohlížeč
• terpeny MeSH
• theofylin MeSH

PURPOSE: To study new skin penetration/permeation enhancers based on amphiphilic galactose derivatives. METHODS: Two series of alkyl and alkenyl galactosides were synthesized and evaluated for their enhancing effect on transdermal/topical delivery of theophylline (TH), hydrocortisone (HC) and cidofovir (CDV), reversibility of their effects on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin impedance, interaction with the stratum corneum using infrared spectroscopy, and cytotoxicity on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. RESULTS: Initial evaluation identified 1-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-(2E)-pentadec-2-ene A15 as a highly potent enhancer - it increased TH and HC flux through human skin 8.5 and 5 times, respectively. Compound A15 increased the epidermal concentration of a potent antiviral CDV 7 times over that reached by control and Span 20 (an established sugar-based enhancer). Infrared spectroscopy of human stratum corneum indicated interaction of A15 with skin barrier lipids but not proteins. These effects of A15 on the skin barrier were reversible (both TEWL and skin impedance returned to baseline values within 24 h after A15 had been removed from skin). In vitro toxicity of A15 on HaCaT keratinocytes and 3T3 fibroblasts was acceptable, with IC50 values over 60 μM. CONCLUSIONS: Galactosyl pentadecene A15 is a potent enhancer with low toxicity and reversible action.

• Klíčová slova
• galactoside, penetration enhancers, sugar, topical drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery,
• MeSH
• alkeny aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• aplikace kožní MeSH
• cidofovir MeSH
• cytosin aplikace a dávkování   analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• epidermis metabolismus   MeSH
• fibroblasty účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• galaktosa analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• galaktosidy aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• hydrokortison aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• keratinocyty účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kožní absorpce účinky léků   MeSH
• kůže metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy chemie   MeSH
• organofosfonáty aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• permeabilita MeSH
• theofylin aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• uvolňování léčiv MeSH
• voda MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkeny MeSH
• cidofovir MeSH
• cytosin MeSH
• galaktosa MeSH
• galaktosidy MeSH
• hydrokortison MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• organofosfonáty MeSH
• theofylin MeSH
• voda MeSH

PURPOSE: Skin permeation/penetration enhancers are substances that enable drug delivery through or into the skin. METHODS: To search for new enhancers with high but reversible activity and acceptable toxicity, we synthesized a series of D-glucose derivatives, both hydrophilic and amphiphilic. RESULTS: Initial evaluation of the ability of these sugar derivatives to increase permeation and penetration of theophylline through/into human skin compared with a control (no enhancer) or sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20; positive control) revealed dodecyl 6-amino-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside 5 as a promising enhancer. Furthermore, this amino sugar 5 increased epidermal concentration of a highly hydrophilic antiviral cidofovir by a factor of 7. The effect of compound 5 on skin electrical impedance suggested its direct interaction with the skin barrier. Infrared spectroscopy of isolated stratum corneum revealed no effect of enhancer 5 on the stratum corneum proteins but an overall decrease in the lipid chain order. The enhancer showed acceptable toxicity on HaCaT keratinocyte and 3T3 fibroblast cell lines. Finally, transepidermal water loss returned to baseline values after enhancer 5 had been removed from the skin. CONCLUSIONS: Compound 5, a dodecyl amino glucoside, is a promising enhancer that acts through a reversible interaction with the stratum corneum lipids.

• Klíčová slova
• penetration enhancers, sugar, topical drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery,
• MeSH
• antivirové látky aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• aplikace kožní MeSH
• aplikace lokální MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• cidofovir MeSH
• cytosin aplikace a dávkování   analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• epidermis účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• farmaceutická chemie MeSH
• glukosidy chemická syntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• hexosy farmakologie   MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• keratinocyty účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kožní absorpce MeSH
• kůže účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• lékové transportní systémy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy fyziologie   MeSH
• organofosfonáty aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• permeabilita MeSH
• theofylin aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• viabilita buněk MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antivirové látky MeSH
• cidofovir MeSH
• cytosin MeSH
• glukosidy MeSH
• hexosy MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• organofosfonáty MeSH
• sorbitan monolaurate MeSH Prohlížeč
• theofylin MeSH

PURPOSE: In this work, we investigate prodrug and enhancer approaches for transdermal and topical delivery of antiviral drugs belonging to the 2,6-diaminopurine acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (ANP) group. Our question was whether we can differentiate between transdermal and topical delivery, i.e., to control the delivery of a given drug towards either systemic absorption or retention in the skin. METHODS: The in vitro transdermal delivery and skin concentrations of seven antivirals, including (R)- and (S)-9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-2,6-diaminopurine (PMPDAP), (S)-9-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-2,6-diaminopurine ((S)-HPMPDAP), its 8-aza analog, and their cyclic and hexadecyloxypropyl (HDP) prodrugs, was investigated with and without the penetration enhancer dodecyl-6-(dimethylamino)hexanoate (DDAK) using human skin. RESULTS: The ability of ANPs to cross the human skin barrier was very low (0.5-1.4 nmol/cm(2)/h), and the majority of the compounds were found in the stratum corneum, the uppermost skin layer. The combination of antivirals and the penetration enhancer DDAK proved to be a viable approach for transdermal delivery, especially in case of (R)-PMPDAP, an anti-HIV effective drug (30.2 ± 2.3 nmol/cm(2)/h). On the other hand, lysophospholipid-like HDP prodrugs, e.g., HDP-(S)-HPMPDAP, reached high concentrations in viable epidermis without significant systemic absorption. CONCLUSIONS: By using penetration enhancers or lysolipid prodrugs, it is possible to effectively target systemic diseases by the transdermal route or to target cutaneous pathologies by topical delivery.

• MeSH
• 2-aminopurin aplikace a dávkování   analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• antivirové látky aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• aplikace kožní MeSH
• kožní absorpce účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• lékové transportní systémy metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• liposomy MeSH
• orgánové kultury - kultivační techniky MeSH
• prekurzory léčiv aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2-aminopurin MeSH
• 2,6-diaminopurine MeSH Prohlížeč
• antivirové látky MeSH
• liposomy MeSH
• prekurzory léčiv MeSH