Mucosal immunization with non-living antigens usually requires the use of an adjuvant. The adjuvant activity of Bacillus firmus in the mucosal immunization of mice was described by our laboratory previously. In the present study, subcellular localization of B. firmus activities was followed. After mechanical disintegration, subcellular components of bacterium were fractionated by differential centrifugation and salting out. Bacterial cell walls, cytoplasmic membrane fraction, soluble cytoplasmic proteins, and ribosomal fractions were isolated. Their effect on the mouse immune system was studied. Lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin formation in vitro were stimulated by bacterial cell wall (BCW), cytoplasmic membrane (CMF), and ribosomal fractions. BCW and CMF increased antibody formation after intratracheal immunization of mice with influenza A and B viruses, and increased protection against subsequent infection with influenza virus. The BCW fraction even induced intersubtypic cross-protection: Mice immunized with A/California/7/04 (H3N2) + BCW were resistant to the infection by the highly pathogenic A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická aplikace a dávkování   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Bacillus chemie   MeSH
• infekce viry z čeledi Orthomyxoviridae prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lymfocyty účinky léků   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• tvorba protilátek účinky léků   MeSH
• vakcíny proti chřipce aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• virus chřipky A imunologie   MeSH
• virus chřipky B imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
• vakcíny proti chřipce MeSH

Probiotics modulate production of both cytokine and antimicrobial peptides. This effect can be regarded as a part of complex interplay between them and the host.

• MeSH
• Bifidobacterium imunologie   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• kationické antimikrobiální peptidy metabolismus   MeSH
• Lactobacillus imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• probiotika farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• kationické antimikrobiální peptidy MeSH

Intranasal immunization of guinea pigs with inactivated type B influenza virus plus inactivated Bacillus firmus as an adjuvant compared to the virus alone yields higher titers of serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies and virus-neutralizing antibodies. This phenomenon could be useful in standard serology, especially in the preparation of immune sera against highly pathogenic strains for in vitro diagnosis.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická * MeSH
• Bacillus imunologie   MeSH
• morčata MeSH
• protilátky virové analýza   MeSH
• sérologické testy metody   MeSH
• vakcinace metody   MeSH
• vakcíny proti chřipce imunologie   MeSH
• virus chřipky B imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická * MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH
• vakcíny proti chřipce MeSH

The effect of nonpathogenic G+ bacterium B. firmus (BF) on stimulation of mouse peritoneal cells in vitro was evaluated by testing nitric-oxide-synthesis induction and cytokine formation. The reactivity was compared of peritoneal cells from two inbred mouse strains, C57B1/6 and BALB/c, which differ in their immunological reactivity. Peritoneal macrophages from C57B1/6 produced more nitric oxide after a 1-d cultivation with inactivated BF than those of BALB/c mice. In both strains, production can be further increased by adding exogenous IFN-gamma to the culture. There were no significant differences between peritoneal cells of these two mouse strains in cytokine production after optimal in vitro stimulation with BF. BF effectively activated peritoneal cells for the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-10, delipidated bacterium (DBF) being more efficient than BF in induction of IL-10 and TNF-alpha. On the other hand, BF had only small effect on IFN-gamma production and no detectable effect on IL-12 production. Macrophage activation by BF/DBF can represent one of the mechanisms responsible for previously described immunomodulatory activity of BF.

• MeSH
• aktivace makrofágů * MeSH
• Bacillus imunologie   MeSH
• buněčné kultury metody   MeSH
• cytokiny imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy farmakologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• organické látky farmakologie   MeSH
• oxid dusnatý metabolismus   MeSH
• peritoneální dutina cytologie   MeSH
• přirozená imunita MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• Nocardia delipidated cell mitogen MeSH Prohlížeč
• organické látky MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH

Inactivated Bacillus firmus (BF), G+ nonpathogenic bacterium of the external environment, was coupled to ovalbumin (OVA) and used in immunization experiments as antigen carrier. Balb/c mice were immunized thrice intra-tracheally and intra-nasally with conjugates of OVA and BF. Surprisingly, administration of OVA-BF conjugates inhibited anti-OVA IgG response in both sera and mucosal secretions if compared to an exposure to OVA alone. The suppression of antigen-specific antibody production was accompanied by promotion of TH1 phenotype.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
• antigeny aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• aplikace intranazální MeSH
• Bacillus imunologie   MeSH
• imunizace MeSH
• imunoglobulin G biosyntéza   krev   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nosiče léků MeSH
• ovalbumin aplikace a dávkování   imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální biosyntéza   krev   MeSH
• slizniční imunita MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• Th1 buňky imunologie   MeSH
• trachea MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• nosiče léků MeSH
• ovalbumin MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální MeSH

A nonpathogenic bacterium of external environment possessing remarkable immunomodulatory activity, Bacillus firmus (BF) inactivated with formaldehyde, was given intragastrically to two genetically different mouse strains BALB/c (H-2d) and B10.BR/SnPh (B10.BR, H-2k) reared in conventional (CV) and B10.BR strain also in germ-free (GF) conditions. Repeated intragastric administration of BF (500 micrograms every other day over two weeks, starting at the age of 3 months) significantly enhanced intestinal IgA levels in CV BALB/c mice but did not affect intestinal IgA in CV B10.BR mice. In GF B10.BR mice, IgG levels in sera and intestinal washings increased after BF administration compared to CV B10.BR mice. In CV BALB/c mice, specific activity of enterocyte brush-border enzymes (lactase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase) decreased after BF treatment; sucrase (sucrose alpha-glucosidase) activity was not affected. On the other hand, in B10.BR mice, specific activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV were higher after administration of BF in both CV and GF groups relative to untreated controls. The activities of lactase and glucoamylase (glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase) were significantly stimulated only in the group of GF B10.BR mice treated with formolized BF. The stimulation of immunoglobulin production after BF treatment was accompanied by changes in the levels of enterocyte brush-border enzymes; this responsiveness to BF treatment was genetically regulated.

• MeSH
• alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus   MeSH
• Bacillus imunologie   MeSH
• beta-galaktosidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• dipeptidylpeptidasa 4 metabolismus   MeSH
• enterocyty enzymologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• glukoamylasa metabolismus   MeSH
• gnotobiologické modely MeSH
• imunoglobulin A biosyntéza   krev   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• laktasa MeSH
• mikroklky enzymologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• sacharasa metabolismus   MeSH
• střeva enzymologie   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• střevní sliznice enzymologie   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkalická fosfatasa MeSH
• beta-galaktosidasa MeSH
• dipeptidylpeptidasa 4 MeSH
• glukoamylasa MeSH
• imunoglobulin A MeSH
• laktasa MeSH
• sacharasa MeSH