In the modern "omics" era, measurement of the human exposome is a critical missing link between genetic drivers and disease outcomes. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), routinely used in proteomics and metabolomics, has emerged as a leading technology to broadly profile chemical exposure agents and related biomolecules for accurate mass measurement, high sensitivity, rapid data acquisition, and increased resolution of chemical space. Non-targeted approaches are increasingly accessible, supporting a shift from conventional hypothesis-driven, quantitation-centric targeted analyses toward data-driven, hypothesis-generating chemical exposome-wide profiling. However, HRMS-based exposomics encounters unique challenges. New analytical and computational infrastructures are needed to expand the analysis coverage through streamlined, scalable, and harmonized workflows and data pipelines that permit longitudinal chemical exposome tracking, retrospective validation, and multi-omics integration for meaningful health-oriented inferences. In this article, we survey the literature on state-of-the-art HRMS-based technologies, review current analytical workflows and informatic pipelines, and provide an up-to-date reference on exposomic approaches for chemists, toxicologists, epidemiologists, care providers, and stakeholders in health sciences and medicine. We propose efforts to benchmark fit-for-purpose platforms for expanding coverage of chemical space, including gas/liquid chromatography-HRMS (GC-HRMS and LC-HRMS), and discuss opportunities, challenges, and strategies to advance the burgeoning field of the exposome.

• Klíčová slova
• chemical space, chromatography, environmental exposures, exposome, high-resolution mass spectrometry, metabolomics, non-targeted analysis, toxicants,
• MeSH
• expozom MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolomika MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The field of plant hormonomics focuses on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the hormone complement in plant samples, akin to other omics sciences. Plant hormones, alongside primary and secondary metabolites, govern vital processes throughout a plant's lifecycle. While active hormones have received significant attention, studying all related compounds provides valuable insights into internal processes. Conventional single-class plant hormone analysis employs thorough sample purification, short analysis and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Conversely, comprehensive hormonomics analysis necessitates minimal purification, robust and efficient separation and better-performing mass spectrometry instruments. This review summarizes the current status of plant hormone analysis methods, focusing on sample preparation, advances in chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection, including a discussion on internal standard selection and the potential of derivatization. Moreover, current approaches for assessing the spatiotemporal distribution are evaluated. The review touches on the legitimacy of the term plant hormonomics by exploring the current status of methods and outlining possible future trends.

• Klíčová slova
• Hormonomics, Internal standard, Liquid chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Matrix effect, Metabolomics, Omics, Plant hormone, Solid phase extraction,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Neuroactive steroids are a family of all steroid-based compounds, of both natural and synthetic origin, which can affect the nervous system functions. Their biosynthesis occurs directly in the nervous system (so-called neurosteroids) or in peripheral endocrine tissues (hormonal steroids). Steroid hormone levels may fluctuate due to physiological changes during life and various pathological conditions affecting individuals. A deeper understanding of neuroactive steroids' production, in addition to reliable monitoring of their levels in various biological matrices, may be useful in the prevention, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of some neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. The aim of this review is to highlight the most relevant methods currently available for analysis of neuroactive steroids, with an emphasis on immunoanalytical methods and gas, or liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry.

• Klíčová slova
• immunoassay, mass spectrometry, metabolomics, neuroactive steroids, steroid,
• MeSH
• biochemická analýza krve metody   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• hormony krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• imunoanalýza metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurosteroidy krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hormony MeSH
• neurosteroidy MeSH

Only 2-5% of seminal fluid is composed of spermatozoa, while the rest is seminal plasma. The seminal plasma is a rich cocktail of organic and inorganic compounds including hormones, serving as a source of nutrients for sperm development and maturation, protecting them from infection and enabling them to overcome the immunological and chemical environment of the female reproductive tract. In this review, a survey of the hormones found in human seminal plasma, with particular emphasis on reproductive hormones is provided. Their participation in fertilization is discussed including their indispensable role in ovum fertilization. The origin of individual hormones found in seminal plasma is discussed, along with differences in the concentrations in seminal plasma and blood plasma. A part of review is devoted to methods of measurement, emphasising particular instances in which they differ from measurement in blood plasma. These methods include separation techniques, overcoming the matrix effect and current ways for end-point measurement, focusing on so called hyphenated techniques as a combination of chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry. Finally, the informative value of their determination as markers of male fertility disorders (impaired spermatogenesis, abnormal sperm parameters, varicocele) is discussed, along with instances where measuring their levels in seminal plasma is preferable to measurement of levels in blood plasma.

Les spermatozoïdes ne représentent que 2 à 25% du liquide séminal, le reste étant constitué par le plasma séminal. Le plasma séminal est un cocktail de composés organiques et non organiques comprenant des hormones qui font office de source de substances nutritives pour le développement et la maturation des spermatozoïdes, qui les protègent de l’infection et leur permettent de surmonter l’environnement immunologique et chimique de l’appareil reproducteur féminin. La présente revue propose une vue d’ensemble des hormones retrouvées dans le plasma séminal de l’homme, l’accent étant particulièrement mis sur les hormones reproductives. La participation de ces dernières au processus de fécondation est discutée, y compris leur rôle indispensable dans la fécondation de l’ovocyte. L’origine de chacune des hormones retrouvées dans le plasma séminal est décrite, ainsi que les différences de leurs concentrations dans le plasma séminal et dans le plasma sanguin. Une partie de cette revue est dévolue aux méthodes de mesure, en soulignant des exemples particuliers où elles diffèrent des mesures dans le plasma sanguin. Ces méthodes comprennent les techniques de séparation, qui surmontent les effets matriciels et les procédures actuelles de critère de mesure, en se concentrant sur les techniques dites de couplage comme la combinaison de la séparation chromatographique et de la spectrométrie de masse. Enfin, la valeur informative de la détermination de ces hormones en tant que marqueurs des anomalies de la fertilité masculine (spermatogenèse altérée, paramètres spermatiques anormaux, varicocèle) est discutée, ainsi que les situations où la mesure de leurs taux dans le plasma séminal est préférable à celle du plasma sanguin.

• Klíčová slova
• GC-MS, Hormones, Immunoassay, LC-MS, Reproductive hormones, Seminal fluid, Seminal plasma, Spermatogenesis, Steroids,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Prediagnostic steps in suspected metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) rely on clinical chemical methods other than enzyme assays. We report a new diagnostic method which evaluates changes in the spectrum of molecular types of sulfatides (3-O-sulfogalactosyl ceramides) in MLD urine. METHODS: The procedure allows isolation of urinary sulfatides by solid-phase extraction on DEAE-cellulose membranes, transportation of a dry membrane followed by elution and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis in the clinical laboratory. Major sulfatide isoforms are normalized to the least variable component of the spectrum, which is the indigenous C18:0 isoform. This procedure does not require the use of specific internal standards and minimizes errors caused by sample preparation and measurement. RESULTS: Urinary sulfatides were analyzed in a set of 21 samples from patients affected by sulfatidosis. The combined abundance of the five most elevated isoforms, C22:0, C22:0-OH, C24:0, C24:1-OH, and C24:0-OH sulfatides, was found to give the greatest distinction between MLD-affected patients and a control group. CONCLUSIONS: The method avoids transportation of liquid urine samples and generates stable membrane-bound sulfatide samples that can be stored at ambient temperature. MS/MS sulfatide profiling targeted on the most MLD-representative isoforms is simple with robust results and is suitable for screening.

• Klíčová slova
• ASA, CV, DEAE, DEAE-cellulose membrane, DUS, Diethylaminoethyl, Dry urinary samples, IPN, Isoforms, MLD, MS/MS, PTFE, Psap-d, S/N, SRM, Screening for metachromatic leukodystrophy, Tandem mass spectrometry, Urinary sulfatide, arylsulfatase A, coefficient of variation, dry urinary sample, isoform profile number (ratio of the sum of the major five isoforms and the C18:0 sulfatide), metachromatic leukodystrophy, polytetrafluoroethylene, prosaposin deficiency, selected reaction monitoring, signal to noise ratio, tandem mass spectrometry,
• MeSH
• DEAE-celulosa MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• extrakce na pevné fázi MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membrány umělé MeSH
• metachromatická leukodystrofie diagnóza   moč   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• odběr biologického vzorku normy   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• sulfoglykosfingolipidy moč   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• vysoušení MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DEAE-celulosa MeSH
• membrány umělé MeSH
• sulfoglykosfingolipidy MeSH