This study presents a comprehensive overview of the most well-known Czech cheeses. It starts with an overview of the three Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) cheeses, followed by a summary of other traditional or well-appreciated cheeses. The cheese-making industry has experienced constant growth, and European cheeses are appreciated globally and locally. The Czech cheese industry is not the exception. However, despite the Czech cheese-making tradition, there is a dearth of scientific knowledge. Most information is outdated, and access to historical databases is insufficient. For the Czech cheeses evaluated in this study, the cheese-making process, alongside the available compositional and functional information, is described when possible. The PGI Olomoucké tvarůžky, Jihočeská Niva, Jihočeská Zlatá Niva cheeses, and the non-protected Blat'ácke zlato cheese have more extensive scientific information presented. Other traditional Czech cheeses, such as Romadur, Nalžov, or Sázava, could be granted a PGI if research provides deeper knowledge about the impact of culture, production region, processes, and ripening, among others, in their unique characteristics.

• MeSH
• chuť MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami * dějiny   metody   MeSH
• sýr * analýza   dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (Map) is a pathogen which causes a chronic progressive granulomatous enteritis known as paratuberculosis or Johne's disease and it primarily affects wild and domestic ruminants. The aim of this research was to examine a flock which consisted of 294 goats and was located in Garfagnana district (Tuscany, Italy) performing ELISA tests, culture and IS900 PCR assay; direct diagnostic methods were carried out not only on bulk tank milk and cheese samples but also on individual milk and tissue specimens collected from nine subjects positive to ELISA tests. Out of 294 animals, 20 goats (6.8%) were positive to ELISA surveys. Bulk tank milk samples were negative to culture and to PCR assay carried out on the DNA extracted directly from them, while, with respect to cheese, Map was detected by culture in 2/12 (16.66%) cheeses ripened for 3-7 days, and by PCR in 2/12 (16.66%) cheeses ripened for 3-7 days and in 3/12 (25%) cheeses ripened for 45 days. Regarding individual milk samples, Map was detected by culture in 2/9 (22.22%) specimens and by PCR in 5/9 (55.55%) samples. Furthermore, Map was isolated from the intestine in 9/9 (100%) animals, from the mesenteric lymph nodes in 8/9 (88.88%) subjects, from the liver in 4/9 (44.44%) goats, from the spleen in 5/9 (55.55%) animals, while Map DNA was found in all the tissue samples analyzed.The results demonstrated the presence of paratuberculosis in a goat flock located in Garfagnana district (Tuscany, Italy).

• Klíčová slova
• Culture, ELISA, Goats, IS900 PCR, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, Necropsy,
• MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• kozy MeSH
• mléko mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika   imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• nemoci koz diagnóza   epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• paratuberkulóza diagnóza   epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• sýr mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie epidemiologie   MeSH