Disproportion between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the body's antioxidant system can cause oxidative stress, which is considered a common denominator in various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, aging, and cognitive disorders. The generation of free radicals, which occurs through partial reduction of oxygen, can quickly overwhelm the endogenous antioxidant system capacity of the cell. This causes lipid, protein, DNA and RNA damage, inflammation, and overall cell degeneration, which can be mitigated by various antioxidants. However, their use in human medicine did not bring the expected effect. Molecular hydrogen (H2), due to its unique physical and chemical properties, provides a number of benefits for alleviating oxidative stress. H2 is superior to conventional antioxidants as it can selectively reduce (.)OH radicals while preserving important ROS that are otherwise used for normal cell signaling. Key words Oxidative stress, Cardiovascular diseases, Molecular hydrogen, ROS, Inflammation.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia * terapeutické užití farmakologie MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * metabolismus prevence a kontrola farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxidační stres * účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- vodík * terapeutické užití farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia * MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
- vodík * MeSH
Oxygen is indispensable for most organisms on the earth because of its role in respiration. However, it is also associated with several unwanted effects which may sometimes prove fatal in the long run. Such effects are more evident in cells exposed to strong oxidants containing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The adverse outcomes of oxidative metabolism are referred to as oxidative stress, which is a staple theme in contemporary medical research. Oxidative stress leads to plasma membrane disruption through lipid peroxidation and has several other deleterious effects. A large body of literature suggests the involvement of ROS in cancer, ageing, and several other health hazards of the modern world. Plant-based cures for these conditions are desperately sought after as supposedly safer alternatives to mainstream medicines. Phytochemicals, which constitute a diverse group of plant-based substances with varying roles in oxidative reactions of the body, are implicated in the treatment of cancer, aging, and all other ROS-induced anomalies. This review presents a summary of important phytochemicals extracted from medicinal plants which are a part of Indian ethnomedicine and Ayurveda and describes their possible therapeutic significance.
- Klíčová slova
- ROS, cancer, ethnomedicine, oxidative stress, phytochemicals,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Aging is a complicated biological process in which functional and structural alterations in a living organism take place over time. Reactive oxygen species is one of the main factors responsible for aging and is associated with several chronic pathologies. The relationship between aging and diet is quite interesting and has attained worldwide attention. Healthy food, in addition to dietary antioxidants, are required to delay the process of aging and improve the quality of life. Many healthy foods such as fruits are a good source of dietary nutrients and natural bioactive compounds which have antioxidant properties and are involved in preventing aging and other age-related disorders. Health benefits linked with healthy consumption of fruit have drawn increased interest. A significant number of studies have documented the advantages of fruit intake, as it suppresses free-radical development that further reduces the oxidative stress created in the body and protects against several types of diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and other cardiovascular diseases that ultimately prevent aging. In addition, fruits have numerous other properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, and have health-promoting effects. Mechanisms of various bioactive compounds that aids in preventing various diseases and increases longevity are also described. This manuscript provides a summary of various bioactive components present in fruits along with their health-promoting and antiaging properties.
- Klíčová slova
- anti-aging, antioxidants, bioactive compounds, edible fruits, free radicals, health benefits, life extension,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Protein oxidation, the process caused especially by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, is thought to play a major role in various oxidative processes within cells and is implicated in the development of many human diseases. This review provides a brief overview of the protein oxidation with the emphasis on the types of oxidation (oxidation of protein backbone and amino acid residues side chains, site-specific metal-catalysed protein oxidation), oxidationdependent generation of protein hydroperoxides, carbonyl derivatives and protein-protein cross-linkages. Nonenzymatic glycoxidation (also known as Maillard reaction) as an important factor of protein damage, consequences of oxidative protein impairment and related diseases as well as means of monitoring and assessment of protein modifications are discussed.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny chemie MeSH
- diabetická retinopatie patologie MeSH
- diabetické neuropatie patologie MeSH
- katarakta patologie MeSH
- kyslík metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Maillardova reakce * MeSH
- oxidace-redukce * MeSH
- oxidační stres fyziologie MeSH
- proteiny chemie MeSH
- reaktivní formy dusíku metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- aminokyseliny MeSH
- kyslík MeSH
- proteiny MeSH
- reaktivní formy dusíku MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
OBJECTIVE: In the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), an increase of oxidative stress could play an important role which is closely linked with insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. The aim of our study was to assess several parameters of the antioxidant status in MetS. METHODS: 40 subjects with MetS and 40 age- and sex-matched volunteers without MetS were examined for activities of superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), glutathione reductase (GR), paraoxonase1 (PON1), concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), and conjugated dienes in low-density lipoprotein (CD-LDL). RESULTS: Subjects with MetS had higher activities of CuZnSOD (p < 0.05) and GR (p < 0.001), higher concentrations of CD-LDL (p < 0.001), lower activities of CAT (p < 0.05) and PON1 (p < 0.05), and lower concentrations of GSH (p < 0.05), as compared with controls. Activity of GPX1 was not significantly changed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results implicated an increased oxidative stress in MetS and a decreased antioxidative defense that correlated with some laboratory (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)) and clinical (waist circumference, blood pressure) components of MetS.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza MeSH
- aryldialkylfosfatasa krev MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- enzymy krev MeSH
- glutathion krev MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa (GPx1) MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa krev MeSH
- glutathionreduktasa krev MeSH
- katalasa krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipoproteiny LDL krev MeSH
- metabolický syndrom krev diagnóza enzymologie MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- aryldialkylfosfatasa MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- enzymy MeSH
- glutathion MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa (GPx1) MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa MeSH
- glutathionreduktasa MeSH
- GPX1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- katalasa MeSH
- lipoproteiny LDL MeSH
- PON1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- superoxiddismutasa MeSH
