This study presents a comprehensive overview of the most well-known Czech cheeses. It starts with an overview of the three Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) cheeses, followed by a summary of other traditional or well-appreciated cheeses. The cheese-making industry has experienced constant growth, and European cheeses are appreciated globally and locally. The Czech cheese industry is not the exception. However, despite the Czech cheese-making tradition, there is a dearth of scientific knowledge. Most information is outdated, and access to historical databases is insufficient. For the Czech cheeses evaluated in this study, the cheese-making process, alongside the available compositional and functional information, is described when possible. The PGI Olomoucké tvarůžky, Jihočeská Niva, Jihočeská Zlatá Niva cheeses, and the non-protected Blat'ácke zlato cheese have more extensive scientific information presented. Other traditional Czech cheeses, such as Romadur, Nalžov, or Sázava, could be granted a PGI if research provides deeper knowledge about the impact of culture, production region, processes, and ripening, among others, in their unique characteristics.

• MeSH
• Taste MeSH
• History, 20th Century MeSH
• History, 21st Century MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Food Handling * history   methods   MeSH
• Cheese * analysis   history   MeSH
• Check Tag
• History, 20th Century MeSH
• History, 21st Century MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Historical Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Out of six samples of wastewater produced in the dairy industry, taken in 2017 at various places of dairy operations, 86 bacterial strains showing decarboxylase activity were isolated. From the wastewater samples, the species of genera Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Microbacterium, Kocuria, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Klebsiella and Enterobacter were identified by the MALDI-TOF MS and biochemical methods. The in vitro produced quantity of eight biogenic amines (BAs) was detected by the HPLC/UV-Vis method. All the isolated bacteria were able to produce four to eight BAs. Tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine belonged to the most frequently produced BAs. Of the isolated bacteria, 41% were able to produce BAs in amounts >100 mg L-1. Therefore, wastewater embodies a potential vector of transmission of decarboxylase positive microorganisms, which should be taken into consideration in hazard analyses within foodstuff safety control. The parameters of this wastewater (contents of nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, and proteins) were also monitored.

• Keywords
• bacteria, biogenic amines, decarboxylase activity, wastewater,
• MeSH
• Acinetobacter MeSH
• Aeromonas MeSH
• Biogenic Amines chemistry   MeSH
• Water Pollutants, Chemical chemistry   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Enterobacter MeSH
• Enterococcus MeSH
• Carboxy-Lyases chemistry   MeSH
• Klebsiella MeSH
• Lactobacillus MeSH
• Lactococcus MeSH
• Microbacterium MeSH
• Water Microbiology MeSH
• Dairying * MeSH
• Wastewater analysis   microbiology   MeSH
• Pediococcus MeSH
• Pseudomonas MeSH
• Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet MeSH
• Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization MeSH
• Staphylococcus MeSH
• Streptococcus MeSH
• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Biogenic Amines MeSH
• Water Pollutants, Chemical MeSH
• Carboxy-Lyases MeSH
• Waste Water MeSH