Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas neurotransmitter that is synthesized in various mammalian tissues including vascular tissues and regulates vascular tone. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the endogenous L-cysteine/H2S pathway is impaired due to aging and endothelial denudation in mouse isolated thoracic aorta. For this purpose, young (3-4 months) and old (23-25 months) mice were used in the experiments. The effects of aging and endothelium on endogenous and exogenous H2S-induced vasorelaxation were investigated by cumulative L-cysteine-(1 microM-10 mM) and NaHS-(1 microM-3 mM) induced vasorelaxations, respectively. The L-cysteine-induced relaxations were reduced in old mice aorta compared to the young mice. Also, vasorelaxant responses to L-cysteine (1 microM-10 mM) were reduced on aorta rings with denuded-endothelium of young and old mice. However, the relaxation responses to NaHS were not altered by age or endothelium denudation. The loss of staining of CSE in the endothelial layer was observed in old thoracic aorta. Ach-induced (1-30 microM) relaxation almost abolished in endothelium-denuded rings from both mice group. Also, relaxation Ach reduced in intact endothelium tissue of old mice aorta. In conclusion, the vasorelaxant responses to L-cysteine but not NaHS decreased and the protein expression of CSE reduced in old thoracic aorta rings consistent with a decrease in H2S concentration with aging and endothelium damage, suggesting that aging may be lead to decrease in enzyme expression and H2S signaling system due to endothelium damage in mouse thoracic aorta. Key words Aging, Hydrogen sulfide, L-cysteine, Endothelium, Thoracic aorta.

• MeSH
• aorta thoracica * metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• cévní endotel * metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• cystathionin-gama-lyasa metabolismus   MeSH
• cystein farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• signální transdukce fyziologie   MeSH
• stárnutí * metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• sulfan * metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• vazodilatace * účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cystathionin-gama-lyasa MeSH
• cystein MeSH
• sulfan * MeSH

Postbiotics are health-promoting microbial metabolites delivered as a functional food or a food supplement. They either directly influence signaling pathways of the body or indirectly manipulate metabolism and the composition of intestinal microflora. Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and even though the prognosis of patients is improving, it is still poor in the substantial part of the cases. The preventable nature of cancer and the importance of a complex multi-level approach in anticancer therapy motivate the search for novel avenues of establishing the anticancer environment in the human body. This review summarizes the principal findings demonstrating the usefulness of both natural and synthetic sources of postbotics in the prevention and therapy of cancer. Specifically, the effects of crude cell-free supernatants, the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, lactic acid, hydrogen sulfide, and β-glucans are described. Contradictory roles of postbiotics in healthy and tumor tissues are highlighted. In conclusion, the application of postbiotics is an efficient complementary strategy to combat cancer.

• Klíčová slova
• GPR81, SCFA, colorectal cancer, functional food, intestinal metabolome, microbiome,
• MeSH
• beta-glukany farmakologie   MeSH
• butyráty farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné těkavé metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolom MeSH
• nádory dietoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• potravní doplňky mikrobiologie   MeSH
• prebiotika mikrobiologie   MeSH
• probiotika metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra účinky léků   MeSH
• sulfan farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• beta-glukany MeSH
• butyráty MeSH
• kyselina mléčná MeSH
• kyseliny mastné těkavé MeSH
• prebiotika MeSH
• sulfan MeSH

According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide. They may be caused by various factors or combinations of factors. Frequently, endothelial dysfunction is involved in either development of the disorder or results from it. On the other hand, the endothelium may be disordered for other reasons, e.g., due to infection, such as COVID-19. The understanding of the role and significance of the endothelium in the body has changed significantly over time-from a simple physical barrier to a complex system encompassing local and systemic regulation of numerous processes in the body. Endothelium disorders may arise from impairment of one or more signaling pathways affecting dilator or constrictor activity, including nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate activation, prostacyclin-cyclic adenosine monophosphate activation, phosphodiesterase inhibition, and potassium channel activation or intracellular calcium level inhibition. In this review, plants are summarized as sources of biologically active substances affecting the endothelium. This paper compares individual substances and mechanisms that are known to affect the endothelium, and which subsequently may cause the development of cardiovascular disorders.

• Klíčová slova
• endothelium, nitric oxide, vasoactive substances, vasoconstriction, vasodilation,
• MeSH
• cévní endotel cytologie   účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• rostliny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekundární metabolismus * MeSH
• vazodilatace účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• vazodilatancia chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• vazodilatancia MeSH

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutual relationship among perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and endogenous and exogenous H2S in vasoactive responses of isolated arteries from adult normotensive (Wistar) rats and hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) rats, which are a nonobese model of metabolic syndrome. In HTG rats, mild hypertension was associated with glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, increased amount of retroperitoneal fat, increased arterial contractility, and endothelial dysfunction associated with arterial wall injury, which was accompanied by decreased nitric oxide (NO)-synthase activity, increased expression of H2S producing enzyme, and an altered oxidative state. In HTG, endogenous H2S participated in the inhibition of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation regardless of PVAT presence; on the other hand, aortas with preserved PVAT revealed a stronger anticontractile effect mediated at least partially by H2S. Although we observed a higher vasorelaxation induced by exogenous H2S donor in HTG rats than in Wistar rats, intact PVAT subtilized this effect. We demonstrate that, in HTG rats, endogenous H2S could manifest a dual effect depending on the type of triggered signaling pathway. H2S within the arterial wall contributes to endothelial dysfunction. On the other hand, PVAT of HTG is endowed with compensatory vasoactive mechanisms, which include stronger anti-contractile action of H2S. Nevertheless, the possible negative impact of PVAT during hypertriglyceridemia on the activity of exogenous H2S donors needs to be taken into consideration.

• Klíčová slova
• H2S, HTG, Wistar, isolated artery, metabolic syndrome, perivascular adipose tissue,
• MeSH
• aorta thoracica patofyziologie   MeSH
• cévní endotel patofyziologie   MeSH
• cystathionin-gama-lyasa metabolismus   MeSH
• hypertriglyceridemie metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• metabolický syndrom metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• noradrenalin farmakologie   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• signální transdukce * MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• superoxidy metabolismus   MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ III metabolismus   MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• vazodilatace fyziologie   MeSH
• vazokonstrikce účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cystathionin-gama-lyasa MeSH
• noradrenalin MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH
• superoxidy MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ III MeSH