Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Although dramatically increased survival rates of early diagnosed cases have been observed, late diagnosed patients and metastatic cancer may still be considered fatal. The present study's main focus was on cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs) which is an active component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) regulating the breast cancer ecosystem. Transcriptomic profiling and analysis of CAFs isolated from breast cancer skin metastasis, cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma unravelled major gene candidates such as IL6, VEGFA and MFGE8 that induced co‑expression of keratins‑8/‑14 in the EM‑G3 cell line derived from infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma. Western blot analysis of selected keratins (keratin‑8, ‑14, ‑18, ‑19) and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition‑associated markers (SLUG, SNAIL, ZEB1, E‑/N‑cadherin, vimentin) revealed specific responses pointing to certain heterogeneity of the studied CAF populations. Experimental in vitro treatment using neutralizing antibodies against IL-6, VEGF‑A and MFGE8 attenuated the modulatory effect of CAFs on EM‑G3 cells. The present study provided novel data in characterizing and understanding the interactions between CAFs and EM‑G3 cells in vitro. CAFs of different origins support the pro‑inflammatory microenvironment and influence the biology of breast cancer cells. This observation potentially holds significant interest for the development of novel, clinically relevant approaches targeting the TME in breast cancer. Furthermore, its implications extend beyond breast cancer and have the potential to impact a wide range of other cancer types.

• Klíčová slova
• breast cancer, cell differentiation, epithelial‑mesenchymal interaction, neutralizing antibody, tumor microenvironment,
• MeSH
• antigeny povrchové MeSH
• fibroblasty asociované s nádorem * metabolismus   MeSH
• fibroblasty metabolismus   MeSH
• keratiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maligní melanom kůže MeSH
• MFC-7 buňky MeSH
• mléčné bílkoviny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí genetika   MeSH
• nádory prsu * farmakoterapie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny povrchové MeSH
• keratiny MeSH
• MFGE8 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• mléčné bílkoviny MeSH

It is now suggested that the inhibition of biological programs that are associated with the tumor microenvironment may be critical to the diagnostics, prevention and treatment of cancer. On the other hand, a suitable wound microenvironment would accelerate tissue repair and prevent extensive scar formation. In the present review paper, we define key signaling molecules (growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and galectins) involved in the formation of the tumor microenvironment that decrease overall survival and increase drug resistance in cancer suffering patients. Additional attention will also be given to show whether targeted modulation of these regulators promote tissue regeneration and wound management. Whole-genome transcriptome profiling, in vitro and animal experiments revealed that interleukin 6, interleukin 8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, galectin-1, and selected proteins of the extracellular matrix (e.g., fibronectin) do have similar regulation during wound healing and tumor growth. Published data demonstrate remarkable similarities between the tumor and wound microenvironments. Therefore, tailor made manipulation of cancer stroma can have important therapeutic consequences. Moreover, better understanding of cancer cell-stroma interaction can help to improve wound healing by supporting granulation tissue formation and process of reepithelization of extensive and chronic wounds as well as prevention of hypertrophic scars and formation of keloids.

• Klíčová slova
• cancer, cytokine, galectin, stem cell, tissue repair,
• MeSH
• buněčné mikroprostředí MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• galektiny metabolismus   MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• imunitní systém cytologie   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• keloid metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezibuněčné signální peptidy a proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové kmenové buňky metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí * MeSH
• nádory imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• rány a poranění imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• galektiny MeSH
• mezibuněčné signální peptidy a proteiny MeSH

Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) are crucial for maintenance and self- renewal of skin epithelium and also for regular hair cycling. Their role in wound healing is also indispensable. ESCs reside in a defined outer root sheath portion of hair follicle-also known as the bulge region. ECS are also found between basal cells of the interfollicular epidermis or mucous membranes. The non-epithelial elements such as mesenchymal stem cell-like elements of dermis or surrounding adipose tissue can also contribute to this niche formation. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) participate in formation of common epithelial malignant diseases such as basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma. In this review article, we focus on the role of cancer microenvironment with emphasis on the effect of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). This model reflects various biological aspects of interaction between cancer cell and CAFs with multiple parallels to interaction of normal epidermal stem cells and their niche. The complexity of intercellular interactions within tumor stroma is depicted on example of malignant melanoma, where keratinocytes also contribute the microenvironmental landscape during early phase of tumor progression. Interactions seen in normal bulge region can therefore be an important source of information for proper understanding to melanoma. The therapeutic consequences of targeting of microenvironment in anticancer therapy and for improved wound healing are included to article.

• Klíčová slova
• cancer microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblast, niche, stem cell, wound healing,
• MeSH
• epidermální buňky MeSH
• epitelové buňky patologie   MeSH
• fibroblasty patologie   MeSH
• hojení ran fyziologie   MeSH
• keratinocyty patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom patologie   MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky patologie   MeSH
• nádorové kmenové buňky patologie   MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí fyziologie   MeSH
• nádory kůže patologie   MeSH
• nika kmenových buněk fyziologie   MeSH
• vlasový folikul cytologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH