It is now suggested that the inhibition of biological programs that are associated with the tumor microenvironment may be critical to the diagnostics, prevention and treatment of cancer. On the other hand, a suitable wound microenvironment would accelerate tissue repair and prevent extensive scar formation. In the present review paper, we define key signaling molecules (growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and galectins) involved in the formation of the tumor microenvironment that decrease overall survival and increase drug resistance in cancer suffering patients. Additional attention will also be given to show whether targeted modulation of these regulators promote tissue regeneration and wound management. Whole-genome transcriptome profiling, in vitro and animal experiments revealed that interleukin 6, interleukin 8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, galectin-1, and selected proteins of the extracellular matrix (e.g., fibronectin) do have similar regulation during wound healing and tumor growth. Published data demonstrate remarkable similarities between the tumor and wound microenvironments. Therefore, tailor made manipulation of cancer stroma can have important therapeutic consequences. Moreover, better understanding of cancer cell-stroma interaction can help to improve wound healing by supporting granulation tissue formation and process of reepithelization of extensive and chronic wounds as well as prevention of hypertrophic scars and formation of keloids.

BIOCEV 252 50 Vestec Czech Republic

Department for Biomedical Research East Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Inc 040 11 Košice Slovakia

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and University Hospital Motol 150 06 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany Faculty of Pharmacy Comenius University 832 32 Bratislava Slovakia

Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Šafárik University 040 11 Košice Slovakia

Institute of Anatomy 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University 128 00 Prague Czech Republic

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