Grapevine health is influenced by microbiome composition, which is affected by region and several plant features such as cultivar, age and rootstock. Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) are caused by several wood-colonizing fungi, leading to imbalances in microbiome composition. Here, we performed next-generation sequencing of fungal and bacterial microbiomes present in trunk samples of ninety-seven symptomatic grapevines, from two cultivars (cv. Touriga Nacional and cv. Aragonez), collected in eight Portuguese wine-producing regions. The influence of wine-producing regions, grapevine genotype, rootstock, and age was analyzed. Results indicate that microbiome composition is largely influenced by region and cultivar, with more pronounced alterations in cv. Touriga Nacional. Furthermore, relationships between microbes were characterized, revealing that several genera could engage in competitive interactions with the pathogens. We postulate that environmental conditions associated to the wine-producing regions modulate trunk endosphere and microbiome composition. Plant cultivar, age and rootstock also influence the trunk microbiome assembly, leading to distinct taxa composition in the trunk, and also altered microbe relationships.

• Klíčová slova
• Vitis vinifera L, Grapevine trunk diseases, Metabarcoding, Microbiome changes, Next generation sequencing, Trunk endosphere,
• MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• houby genetika   klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mikrobiota * genetika   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin * mikrobiologie   genetika   MeSH
• víno MeSH
• Vitis * mikrobiologie   genetika   MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) pose a major threat to the wine industry worldwide. Currently, efficient biological methods or chemical compounds are not available for the treatment of infected grapevines. In the present study, we used an extract from the knotwood of spruce trees as a biological control against GTDs. Our in vitro trial was focused on the antifungal effects of the extract against the most common GTD pathogens-Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Dactylonectria torresensis, Diaporthe ampelina, Diaporthe bohemiae, Diplodia seriata, Eutypa lata, and Phaeoacremonium minimum. Our in vitro trial revealed a high antifungal effect of the extract against all tested fungi. The inhibition rates varied among the different species from 30% to 100% using 1 mg·mL-1 extract. Subsequently, the efficiency of the extract was supported by an in planta experiment. Commercial grafts of Vitis vinifera were treated with the extract and planted. The total genomic DNA of grapevines was extracted 10 days and 180 days after the treatment. The fungal microbial diversities of the treated/untreated plants were compared using high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTAS). Treated plants showed 76.9% lower relative abundance of the genus Diaporthe and 70% lower relative abundance of the genus Phaeoacremonium 10 days after treatment. A similar scenario was observed for the genus Cadophora 180 days after treatment, where treated plants showed 76% lower relative abundance of this genus compared with untreated grapevines.

• Klíčová slova
• 7-hydroxymatairesinol, GTD, HMR, Norway spruce, bioprotection, grapevine, wood extract,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH