Most cited article - PubMed ID 8902363
Ribosomal ITS1 and ITS2 fragments from 8 isolates of polycentric rumen anaerobic fungi were PCR-amplified and sequenced; the sequences obtained were aligned with published data and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Analysis of the ITS1 fragment clearly differentiated between the two polycentric genera Orpinomyces and Anaeromyces and this classification is supported by morphological observation. A multi-order phylogram based on ITS2 sequences proved that anaerobic rumen fungi are separated from aerobic chytrids, which form a well-supported monophylum with the highest possible bootstrap proportion values of 100%. Sequence analysis of ITS regions is a powerful tool for classification of anaerobic fungi but morphological description of strains is still necessary because some genera of rumen fungi display a high genetic heterogeneity.
- MeSH
- Rumen microbiology MeSH
- beta-Glucosidase metabolism MeSH
- Cellulases metabolism MeSH
- Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase metabolism MeSH
- Chytridiomycota classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- DNA, Fungal chemistry isolation & purification MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Genetic Variation MeSH
- Fungi classification cytology genetics isolation & purification metabolism MeSH
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer chemistry isolation & purification MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Neocallimastigales classification cytology genetics isolation & purification metabolism MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Sequence Homology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Names of Substances
- beta-Glucosidase MeSH
- Cellulases MeSH
- Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase MeSH
- DNA, Fungal MeSH
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer MeSH
Dandelions (genus Taraxacum) comprise a group of sexual diploids and apomictic polyploids with a complicated reticular evolution. Apomixis (clonal reproduction through seeds) in this genus is considered to be obligate, and therefore represent a good model for studying the role of asexual reproduction in microevolutionary processes of apomictic genera. In our study, a total of 187 apomictic individuals composing a set of nine microspecies (sampled across wide geographic area in Europe) were genotyped for six microsatellite loci and for 162 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Our results indicated that significant genetic similarity existed within accessions with low numbers of genotypes. Genotypic variability was high among accessions but low within accessions. Clustering methods discriminated individuals into nine groups corresponding to their phenotypes. Furthermore, two groups of apomictic genotypes were observed, which suggests that they had different asexual histories. A matrix compatibility test suggests that most of the variability within accession groups was mutational in origin. However, the presence of recombination was also detected. The accumulation of mutations in asexual clones leads to the establishment of a network of clone mates. However, this study suggests that the clones primarily originated from the hybridisation between sexual and apomicts.
Of the 19 strains of Rhizopus delemar deposited as Rhizopus oryzae, seven of them, NBRC 4726, NBRC 4734, NBRC 4746, NBRC 4754, NBRC 4773, NBRC 4775, and NBRC 4801, completely hydrolyzed exogenous sucrose and fructooligosaccharides. The sucrose-hydrolyzing enzyme was purified from the culture filtrate of R. delemar NBRC 4754 and classified to β-fructofuranosidase, similar to that of Amylomyces rouxii CBS 438.76. Fragments including β-fructofuranosidase genes (sucA) of seven strains of R. delemar and A. rouxii CBS 438.76 were amplified and sequenced by PCR with degenerated primers synthesized on the basis of the internal amino acid sequences of purified enzymes and successive inverse PCR. Nucleotide sequences of the obtained fragments revealed that open reading frames of 1,569 bp have no intron and encode 522 amino acids. The presumed proteins contained the typical domain of the glycoside hydrolase 32 family, including β-fructofuranosidase, inulinase, levanase, and fructosyltransferases. Amino acid sequences of SucA proteins from the seven strains of R. delemar were identical and showed 90.0 % identity with those of A. rouxii CBS 438.76. A dendrogram constructed from these amino acid sequences showed that SucA proteins are more closely related to yeast β-fructofuranosidases than to other fungal enzymes.
- MeSH
- DNA, Fungal chemistry genetics MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Hydrolysis MeSH
- beta-Fructofuranosidase genetics isolation & purification metabolism MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Mucorales enzymology genetics MeSH
- Oligosaccharides metabolism MeSH
- Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
- Sucrose metabolism MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MeSH
- Cluster Analysis MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Names of Substances
- DNA, Fungal MeSH
- fructooligosaccharide MeSH Browser
- beta-Fructofuranosidase MeSH
- Oligosaccharides MeSH
- Sucrose MeSH
Paclobutrazol, (2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-ol, is a plant growth retardant that mainly inhibits gibberellins (GAs) biosynthesis. In agricultural practice, paclobutrazol is applied to arrest vegetative growth so as to increase the reproductive growth of many orchard fruit, as well as grain crops. However, due to its over-application and chemical stability, paclobutrazol accumulates in soil and inhibits the growth of subsequent crops, especially those grown for vegetative purposes. The present study focused mainly on the changes in the soil bacterial community following application of paclobutrazol. Mung bean (Vigna radiata) plants were treated with paclobutrazol and cultivated for three consecutive seasons. Soil samples were collected and analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using 16S rDNA gene fragments and clone library analyses. The results obtained through clustering and clonal sequencing analysis showed that the bacterial community was affected by paclobutrazol, and in addition, was more diverse in the third stage of mung bean plant cultivation. The results of the study showed that paclobutrazol affected bacterial composition, and the population of bacteria varied greatly across time.
- MeSH
- Bacteria classification drug effects genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Biodiversity MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Flowers drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Microbiota drug effects MeSH
- Soil chemistry MeSH
- Soil Microbiology * MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- Cluster Analysis MeSH
- Triazoles pharmacology MeSH
- Vigna drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Names of Substances
- paclobutrazol MeSH Browser
- Soil MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S MeSH
- Triazoles MeSH
The genomes of eight treponemes including T. p. pallidum strains (Nichols, SS14, DAL-1 and Mexico A), T. p. pertenue strains (Samoa D, CDC-2 and Gauthier), and the Fribourg-Blanc isolate, were amplified in 133 overlapping amplicons, and the restriction patterns of these fragments were compared. The approximate sizes of the genomes investigated based on this whole genome fingerprinting (WGF) analysis ranged from 1139.3-1140.4 kb, with the estimated genome sequence identity of 99.57-99.98% in the homologous genome regions. Restriction target site analysis, detecting the presence of 1773 individual restriction sites found in the reference Nichols genome, revealed a high genome structure similarity of all strains. The unclassified simian Fribourg-Blanc isolate was more closely related to T. p. pertenue than to T. p. pallidum strains. Most of the genetic differences between T. p. pallidum and T. p. pertenue strains were accumulated in six genomic regions. These genome differences likely contribute to the observed differences in pathogenicity between T. p. pallidum and T. p. pertenue strains. These regions of sequence divergence could be used for the molecular detection and discrimination of syphilis and yaws strains.
- MeSH
- Chromosomes, Bacterial MeSH
- Genes, Bacterial MeSH
- Yaws microbiology MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Genome, Bacterial MeSH
- Genome MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Models, Genetic MeSH
- Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Software MeSH
- Syphilis microbiology MeSH
- Treponema pallidum genetics MeSH
- Binding Sites MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
