• MeSH
• arterioskleróza diagnóza   MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kojení MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesterol MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol MeSH

Diabetic patients have a 2 to 4 times higher risk of development of atherosclerosis than non-diabetic subjects. One of the risk factors of atherosclerosis is an impaired lipid and lipoprotein metabolism which is influenced by the type of diabetes, the degree of its metabolic compensation, character of treatment and other concurrently present metabolic abnormalities. In metabolically balanced type 1 diabetes the levels of commonly assessed lipoproteins do not differ from those in non-diabetic subjects, the HDL-cholesterol level can be even higher. The lipid profile of type 2 diabetics is not very homogeneous, however, usually elevated levels of VLDL-triglycerides and of apoprotein B and a reduced HDL-cholesterol level are found. At present there are no unequivocal views on the role of the lipoprotein (a) ratio in the increased risk of atherosclerosis in diabetics as investigations devoted to the lipoprotein (a) level and its relation to macrovascular complications in diabetes did not give unequivocal results. The scope of dyslipidemia in diabetics with nephropathy is in addition to the effect of the basic disease influenced also by the extent of renal damage. The lipid disorder, on the other hand, leads to deterioration of albuminuria and progression of the renal disease.

• MeSH
• arterioskleróza krev   etiologie   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus krev   MeSH
• komplikace diabetu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• lipoproteiny krev   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lipidy MeSH
• lipoproteiny MeSH

UNLABELLED: A review of physical activity-induced lipid changes is presented. The review was compared with results we obtained in a reconditioning program involving 25 untrained obese patients who attended the reconditioning centre of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University for three months. A significant decrease was found in both HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and the atherosclerosis index. No significant changes were recorded in the total and LDL-cholesterol level. CONCLUSION: Aerobic physical activity can induce changes in lipid levels in overweight and obese patients. Indication of regular aerobic physical activity should not be omitted in current practice.

• MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• nadváha MeSH
• obezita krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of study was to evaluate changes of lipid profil during different types of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: 1st Faculty of Medicine and General Faculty Hospital Prague. METHODS: Two routes of administration were used for 12 weeks: oral estradiol 2 mg/day and transdermal estradiol 50 microg/day (7-day pathes). Forty five healthy women with average age 49 +/- 6 years were randomised into prospective cross-over designed study. Forty one women finished the study and were analysed. Blood collections were performed from veins on the beginning of study and during last week of each therapeutic interventions. Statistical results have counted by paired t-test. RESULTS: Total cholesterol levels were not changed. Triglycerides grew up from 1,39 +/- 0,9 mmol/l to 1.61 +/- 0.8 mmol/l (p = 0,004) after oral ERT. This results showed significant (p = 0.0001) differences between oral and transdermal application because of nonsignificant (p = 0.187) lowering trends after transdermal ERT. The elevation of HDL levels after oral ERT (from 1.85 +/- 0.39 mmol/l to 2.09 +/- 0.42 mmol/l, p = 0.0001) was significantly (p = 0.009) more favourable than after transdermal ERT (to 1.96 +/- 0.42 mmol/l, p = 0.029). Changes of LDL levels are also more favourable (p = 0.0001). LDL levels decreased after oral ET from 3.06 +/- 0.97 mmol/l to 2.52 +/- 0.71 mmol/l in comparison with the nonsignificant decline on 3.0 +/- 1.0 mmol/l after transdemal ERT. CONCLUSION: All data from lipid metabolism had more favourable changes after oral ET with the exception of triglycerides. Knowledge of the patient's lipid profile and it's changes after each type of estrogen applications enable doctors individualisation of hormone replacement therapy from this point of view.

• MeSH
• aplikace kožní MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• estrogenní substituční terapie * metody   MeSH
• hysterektomie MeSH
• klinické křížové studie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lipidy MeSH

Decades of liver regeneration studies still left the termination phase least elucidated. However regeneration ending mechanisms are clinicaly relevant. We aimed to analyse the timing and transcriptional control of the latest phase of liver regeneration, both controversial. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 2/3 partial hepatectomy with recovery lasting from 1 to 14 days. Time-series microarray data were assessed by innovative combination of hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis and validated by real-time RT-PCR. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis in agreement distinguished three temporal phases of liver regeneration. We found 359 genes specifically altered during late phase regeneration. Gene enrichment analysis and manual review of microarray data suggested five pathways worth further study: PPAR signalling pathway; lipid metabolism; complement, coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades; ECM remodelling and xenobiotic biotransformation. Microarray findings pertinent for termination phase were substantiated by real-time RT-PCR. In conclusion, transcriptional profiling mapped late phase of liver regeneration beyond 5(th) day of recovery and revealed 5 pathways specifically acting at this time. Inclusion of longer post-surgery intervals brought improved coverage of regeneration time dynamics and is advisable for further works. Investigation into the workings of suggested pathways might prove helpful in preventing and managing liver tumours.

• MeSH
• genetická transkripce MeSH
• hepatektomie MeSH
• játra metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů genetika   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• nemoci jater genetika   metabolismus   veterinární   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• receptory aktivované proliferátory peroxizomů metabolismus   MeSH
• regenerace jater genetika   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• transkriptom * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• receptory aktivované proliferátory peroxizomů MeSH

BACKGROUND: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, tretinoin) is a vitamin A derivative commonly used in the treatment of diverse conditions ranging from cancer to acne. In a fraction of predisposed individuals, the administration of ATRA is accompanied by variety of adverse metabolic effects, particularly by the induction of hyperlipidemia. We have previously derived a minimal congenic SHR.PD-(D8Rat42-D8Arb23)/Cub (SHR-Lx) strain sensitive to ATRA-induced increase of triacylglycerols and cholesterol under condition of high-sucrose diet. SHR-Lx differs only by 7 genes of polydactylous rat (PD/Cub) origin from its spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) progenitor strain. METHODS: Adult male rats of SHR and SHR-Lx strains were fed standard diet (STD) and experimental groups were subsequently treated with ATRA (15 mg/kg) via oral gavage for 16 days, while still on STD. We contrasted the metabolic profiles (including free fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TG) and cholesterol (C) in 20 lipoprotein fractions) between SHR and SHR-Lx under conditions of standard diet and standard diet + ATRA. We performed transcriptomic analysis of muscle tissue (m. soleus) in all groups using Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Gene 2.0 ST Arrays followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and real-time PCR validation. RESULTS: In response to ATRA, SHR-Lx reacted with substantially greater rise in TG and C concentrations throughout the lipoprotein spectrum (two-way ANOVA strain * RA interaction significant for C content in chylomicrons (CM), VLDL and LDL as well as total, CM and HDL-TG). CONCLUSIONS: According to our modeling of metabolic and signalization pathways using differentially expressed genes we have identified a network with major nodes (including Sirt3, Il1b, Cpt1b and Pparg) likely to underlie the observed strain specific response to ATRA.

• MeSH
• dyslipidemie krev   chemicky indukované   genetika   MeSH
• kosterní svaly metabolismus   MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
• transkriptom * MeSH
• tretinoin MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lipidy MeSH
• tretinoin MeSH

Mortality in psychiatric patients with severe mental illnesses reaches a 2-3 times higher mortality rate compared to the general population, primarily due to somatic comorbidities. A high prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity can be attributed to the adverse metabolic effects of atypical antipsychotics (atypical APs), but also to metabolic dysregulation present in drug-naïve patients. The metabolic aspects of neurodevelopmental schizophrenia-like models are understudied. This study evaluated the metabolic phenotype of a methylazoxymethanol (MAM) schizophrenia-like model together with the metabolic effects of three APs [olanzapine (OLA), risperidone (RIS) and haloperidol (HAL)] administered via long-acting formulations for 8 weeks in female rats. Body weight, feed efficiency, serum lipid profile, gastrointestinal and adipose tissue-derived hormones (leptin, ghrelin, glucagon and glucagon-like peptide 1) were determined. The lipid profile was assessed in APs-naïve MAM and control cohorts of both sexes. Body weight was not altered by the MAM model, though cumulative food intake and feed efficiency was lowered in the MAM compared to CTR animals. The effect of the APs was also present; body weight gain was increased by OLA and RIS, while OLA induced lower weight gain in the MAM rats. Further, the MAM model showed lower abdominal adiposity, while OLA increased it. Serum lipid profile revealed MAM model-induced alterations in both sexes; total, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were increased. The MAM model did not exert significant alterations in hormonal parameters except for elevation in leptin level. The results support intrinsic metabolic dysregulation in the MAM model in both sexes, but the MAM model did not manifest higher sensitivity to metabolic effects induced by antipsychotic treatment.

• Klíčová slova
• Adipokine, Antipsychotic, Lipid Profile, Methylazoxymethanol, Rats,
• MeSH
• antipsychotika farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• haloperidol farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• metabolom účinky léků   MeSH
• methylazoxymethanolacetát analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
• olanzapin farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• risperidon farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• schizofrenie chemicky indukované   farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antipsychotika MeSH
• haloperidol MeSH
• methylazoxymethanol MeSH Prohlížeč
• methylazoxymethanolacetát MeSH
• olanzapin MeSH
• risperidon MeSH

Complex metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes and obesity result from the interaction of numerous genetic and environmental factors. While the family of Nme proteins has been connected so far mostly to development, proliferation, or ciliary functions, several lines of evidence from human and experimental studies point to the potential involvement of one of its members, NME7 (non-metastatic cells 7, nucleoside diphosphate kinase 7) in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. As a complete lack of Nme7 is semilethal in rats, we compared morphometric, metabolic, and transcriptomic profiles of standard diet-fed heterozygous Nme7+/- on male rats vs. their wild-type Nme7+/+ controls. Nme7+/- animals showed increased body weight, adiposity, higher insulin levels together with decreased glucose tolerance. Moreover, they displayed pancreatic islet fibrosis and kidney tubular damage. Despite no signs of overt liver steatosis or dyslipidemia, we found significant changes in the hepatic transcriptome of Nme7+/- male rats with a concerted increase of expression of lipogenic enzymes including Scd1, Fads1, Dhcr7 and a decrease of Cyp7b1 and Nme7. Network analyses suggested possible links between Nme7 and the activation of Srebf1 and Srebf2 upstream regulators. These results further support the implication of NME7 in the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance and adiposity.

• Klíčová slova
• animal models, metabolic syndrome, pancreatic fibrosis,
• MeSH
• adipozita genetika   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu metabolismus   MeSH
• dyslipidemie genetika   MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• játra metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lipogeneze genetika   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů fyziologie   MeSH
• nukleosiddifosfátkinasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• obezita metabolismus   MeSH
• porucha glukózové tolerance genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glukosa MeSH
• NME7 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• nukleosiddifosfátkinasa MeSH

Male marking pheromones (MPs) are used by the majority of bumblebee species (Hymenoptera: Apidae), including a commercially important greenhouse pollinator, the buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris), to attract conspecific females. MP biosynthetic processes in the cephalic part of the bumblebee male labial gland (LG) are of extraordinary complexity, involving enzymes of fatty acid and isoprenoid biosynthesis, which jointly produce more than 50 compounds. We employed a differential transcriptomic approach to identify candidate genes involved in MP biosynthesis by sequencing Bombus terrestris LG and fat body (FB) transcriptomes. We identified 12 454 abundantly expressed gene products (reads per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads value > 1) that had significant hits in the GenBank nonredundant database. Of these, 876 were upregulated in the LG (> 4-fold difference). We identified more than 140 candidate genes potentially involved in MP biosynthesis, including esterases, fatty acid reductases, lipases, enzymes involved in limited fatty acid chain shortening, neuropeptide receptors and enzymes involved in biosynthesis of triacylglycerols, isoprenoids and fatty acids. For selected candidates, we confirmed their abundant expression in LG using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Our study shows that the Bombus terrestris LG transcriptome reflects both fatty acid and isoprenoid MP biosynthetic processes and identifies rational gene targets for future studies to disentangle the molecular basis of MP biosynthesis. Additionally, LG and FB transcriptomes enrich the available transcriptomic resources for Bombus terrestris.

• Klíčová slova
• Bombus terrestris, RNA-seq, apoptosis, labial gland, marking pheromone biosynthesis, transcriptome,
• MeSH
• aldehydoxidoreduktasy metabolismus   MeSH
• apoptóza MeSH
• desaturasy mastných kyselin metabolismus   MeSH
• feromony biosyntéza   MeSH
• hydrolýza MeSH
• mastné kyseliny biosyntéza   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů * MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvenční analýza RNA MeSH
• terpeny metabolismus   MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• tukové těleso metabolismus   MeSH
• včely metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aldehydoxidoreduktasy MeSH
• desaturasy mastných kyselin MeSH
• fatty acid reductase MeSH Prohlížeč
• feromony MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• terpeny MeSH

BACKGROUND: The codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is a major insect pest of apples worldwide. Fully grown last instar larvae overwinter in diapause state. Their overwintering strategies and physiological principles of cold tolerance have been insufficiently studied. No elaborate analysis of overwintering physiology is available for European populations. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We observed that codling moth larvae of a Central European population prefer to overwinter in the microhabitat of litter layer near the base of trees. Reliance on extensive supercooling, or freeze-avoidance, appears as their major strategy for survival of the winter cold. The supercooling point decreases from approximately -15.3 °C during summer to -26.3 °C during winter. Seasonal extension of supercooling capacity is assisted by partial dehydration, increasing osmolality of body fluids, and the accumulation of a complex mixture of winter specific metabolites. Glycogen and glutamine reserves are depleted, while fructose, alanine and some other sugars, polyols and free amino acids are accumulated during winter. The concentrations of trehalose and proline remain high and relatively constant throughout the season, and may contribute to the stabilization of proteins and membranes at subzero temperatures. In addition to supercooling, overwintering larvae acquire considerable capacity to survive at subzero temperatures, down to -15 °C, even in partially frozen state. CONCLUSION: Our detailed laboratory analysis of cold tolerance, and whole-winter survival assays in semi-natural conditions, suggest that the average winter cold does not represent a major threat for codling moth populations. More than 83% of larvae survived over winter in the field and pupated in spring irrespective of the overwintering microhabitat (cold-exposed tree trunk or temperature-buffered litter layer).

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• energetický metabolismus MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace * MeSH
• glutamin metabolismus   MeSH
• glykogen metabolismus   MeSH
• hemolymfa metabolismus   MeSH
• larva metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• metabolismus sacharidů MeSH
• metabolom MeSH
• můry fyziologie   MeSH
• nízká teplota * MeSH
• osmolární koncentrace MeSH
• polymery metabolismus   MeSH
• roční období * MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• voda MeSH
• zmrazování MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• glutamin MeSH
• glykogen MeSH
• polymery MeSH
• polyol MeSH Prohlížeč
• voda MeSH