Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) belong to the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Elevated levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol are associated with increased incidence of CVD in the population. Reversely, reduction of lipoprotein levels in plasma results in a positive impact on CVD prevention. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease, have markedly increased mortality risk due to CVD, despite lower lipoprotein levels in comparison with common population. This is known as the “lipid paradox”. RA itself represents an independent CVD risk factor acting as an inflammatory component. Inflammation, manifested by systemic elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and the tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in RA, is considered to be the main contributor of atherogenesis via its impact on lipoprotein metabolism and on the biology of the arterial wall. Atherosclerosis, a complex process including a number of mechanisms, is not only regarded as dysregulation of lipid metabolism, but also as a chronic inflammatory disease. This review summarizes the newest findings about the qualitative and quantitative alterations of lipids and lipoproteins affected by low-grade inflammation triggered by RA and their consequences on atherosclerosis.

• Klíčová slova
• HDL, atherosclerosis, inflammation, lipid metabolism, rheumatoid arthritis,
• MeSH
• cytokiny krev   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci krev   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida krev   komplikace   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• lipidy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of persistent synthetic chemicals widely used commercially. They accumulate increasingly in all environmental components and enter the organisms, including humans. Some of them are associated with the risk of harm to health, among others with metabolic disorders. To test the associations between blood serum levels of PFASs and blood lipid profile as well as metabolic syndrome, we linked human biomonitoring with the Czech Health Examination Survey (CZ-EHES) conducted in 2019. METHODS: A total of 168 participants of the CZ-EHES survey aged 25-64 years were examined including anthropometrical data and analyses for serum PFAS and blood lipid levels. Extended model approach in multiple linear regression models was used for identification of the associations between serum levels of 11 PFASs and lipid profile components. The relation between PFAS serum levels and metabolic syndrome prevalence was tested using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: Six PFASs were detected over the limit of quantification in at least 40% cases and were examined in subsequent analyses: perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA). The most dominant was PFOS with the mean value amounting to 4.81 ng/ml. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found a significant positive association between serum PFHxS and blood total cholesterol (p = 0.005) as well as LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.008). Significant positive association was also found between PFDA and HDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.010). No significant associations were detected between PFASs and triglycerides, and between PFASs and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: We found some evidence of a significant association between blood serum PFAS levels and blood cholesterol levels. Our results did not confirm an association between serum PFASs and the metabolic syndrome prevalence.

• Klíčová slova
• human biomonitoring, lipid profile, metabolic syndrome, serum PFASs,
• MeSH
• cholesterol MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fluorokarbony * MeSH
• kyseliny alkansulfonové * MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové * MeSH
• kyseliny sulfonové * MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• metabolický syndrom * epidemiologie   MeSH
• sérum MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesterol MeSH
• fluorokarbony * MeSH
• kyseliny alkansulfonové * MeSH
• kyseliny dekanové * MeSH
• kyseliny sulfonové * MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí * MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• perfluorodecanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• perfluorohexanesulfonic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• perfluorooctane sulfonic acid MeSH Prohlížeč

Increased hepatic fat content (HFC) is a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) disease, a common condition in liver transplant recipients. Proton MR spectroscopy (1H MRS) and MR imaging-based proton density fat fraction as the only diagnosis modality enable precise non-invasive measurement of HFC and, also, fatty acid profiles in vivo. Using 1H MRS at 3T, we examined 47 liver transplantation candidates and 101 liver graft recipients. A point-resolved spectroscopy sequence was used to calculate the steatosis grade along with the saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fractions of fatty acids in the liver. The steatosis grade measured by MRS was compared with the histological steatosis grade. HFC, represented by fat fraction values, is adept at distinguishing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), NAFL and non-steatotic liver transplant patients. Relative hepatic lipid saturation increases while unsaturation decreases in response to increased HFC. Additionally, relative hepatic lipid saturation increases while unsaturation and polyunsaturation both decrease in liver recipients with histologically proven post-transplant NASH or NAFL compared to non-steatotic patients. HFC, measured by in vivo 1H MRS, correlated well with histological results. 1H MRS is a simple and fast method for in vivo analysis of HFC and its composition. It provides non-invasive support for NAFL and NASH diagnoses.

• Klíčová slova
• MR spectroscopy, NAFLD, NASH, lipid profile, lipid saturation, liver, magnetic resonance, steatosis, transplantation,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Nutrient deficiency induces a variety of cellular responses, including an increase in lipid accumulation in microalgae. Nitrogen starvation is the most studied deprivation. Here, we determine the effects of phosphorus and sulfur limitation on lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris. A set of 9 experiments were performed, varying the initial concentration of these nutrients (set to 0, 50, and 100% of their original composition in Bold's basal medium). According to our results, the variation of P and S modified the specific growth rate, lag phase, and cell generation time. The ratio of 50%P and 0%S significantly increased the total lipid concentration. The fatty acid profile was dominated by C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1; a considerable increase in C20:5 was observed with 0%P and 50%S and 0%P and 100%S. Regarding neutral lipids, the response surface methodology (RSM) indicates that the maximum was observed when S was between 40 and 60% and P was between 95 and 100%. Therefore, the enhanced production of lipids caused by P and S limitation may contribute to the efficient oil production useful for algal biofuels.

• Klíčová slova
• Fatty acids, Lipids, Microalgae, Nutrient deficiency,
• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• biopaliva MeSH
• Chlorella vulgaris * metabolismus   MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfor metabolismus   MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• mastné kyseliny * metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biopaliva MeSH
• dusík MeSH
• fosfor MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• mastné kyseliny * MeSH

The lateral pressure profile of lipid bilayers has gained a lot of attention, since changes in the pressure profile have been suggested to shift the membrane protein conformational equilibrium. This relation has been mostly studied with theoretical methods, especially with molecular dynamics simulations, since established methods to measure the lateral pressure profile experimentally have not been available. The only experiments that have attempted to gauge the lateral pressure profile have been done by using di-pyrenyl-phosphatidylcholine (di-pyr-PC) probes. In these experiments, the excimer/monomer fluorescence ratio has been assumed to represent the lateral pressure in the location of the pyrene moieties. Here, we consider the validity of this assumption through atomistic molecular dynamics simulations in a DOPC (dioleoylphosphatidylcholine) membrane, which hosts di-pyr-PC probes with different acyl chain lengths. Based on the simulations, we calculate the pyrene dimerization rate and the lateral pressure at the location of the pyrenes. The dimerization rates are compared with the results of di-pyr-PC probes simulated in vacuum. The comparison indicates that the lateral pressure is not the dominant determinant of the excimer/monomer fluorescence ratio. Thus, the results do not support the usage of di-pyr-PC molecules to measure the shape of the lateral pressure profile. We yet discuss how the probes could potentially be exploited to gain qualitative insight of the changes in pressure profile when lipid composition is altered.

• Klíčová slova
• Di-pyrenyl-phosphatidylcholine, Lateral pressure profile, Lipid bilayer, Molecular dynamics simulation,
• MeSH
• dimerizace MeSH
• fosfatidylcholiny chemie   MeSH
• lipidové dvojvrstvy chemie   MeSH
• membránové lipidy chemie   MeSH
• membránové proteiny chemie   MeSH
• membrány chemie   MeSH
• pyreny chemie   MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
• tlak MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine MeSH Prohlížeč
• fosfatidylcholiny MeSH
• lipidové dvojvrstvy MeSH
• membránové lipidy MeSH
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• pyrene MeSH Prohlížeč
• pyreny MeSH

• MeSH
• kardiovaskulární rehabilitace * MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• srdce MeSH
• telerehabilitace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lipidy MeSH

The effect of isradipine versus hydrocholorothiazide on the lipid profile of 44 hypertensive patients was investigated in a double-blind, randomized trial. Lipid profiles included total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), HDL subclasses (HDL2 and HDL3), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), Apolipoprotein A-1 and Apolipoprotein B. Isradipine had no effect on the lipid profile in 52 week studies. Hydrochlorothiazide increased serum triglycerides in 11 of 13 patients by a mean of 8% for the group (p less than 0.05) in 52 week studies, and total cholesterol by a mean of 9 and 16% respectively (p less than 0.01) in 2 of 13 patients, with no difference in other lipid or lipoprotein parameters in short or long term experiments.

• MeSH
• antihypertenziva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• apolipoproteiny krev   MeSH
• blokátory kalciových kanálů terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• hydrochlorthiazid terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hypertenze farmakoterapie   MeSH
• isradipin MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• pyridiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antihypertenziva MeSH
• apolipoproteiny MeSH
• blokátory kalciových kanálů MeSH
• cholesterol MeSH
• hydrochlorthiazid MeSH
• isradipin MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• pyridiny MeSH

Mid-exponential cultures of two traditional biotechnological yeast species, winery Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the less ethanol tolerant bottom-fermenting brewery Saccharomyces pastorianus, were exposed to different concentrations of added ethanol (3, 5 and 8%) The degree of ethanol-induced cell stress was assessed by measuring the cellular activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), level of lipid peroxidation products, changes in cell lipid content and fatty acid profile. The resveratrol as an antioxidant was found to decrease the ethanol-induced rise of SOD activity and suppress the ethanol-induced decrease in cell lipids. A lower resveratrol concentration (0.5 mg/l) even reduced the extent of lipid peroxidation in cells. Resveratrol also alleviated ethanol-induced changes in cell lipid composition in both species by strongly enhancing the proportion of saturated fatty acids and contributing thereby to membrane stabilization. Lower resveratrol concentrations could thus diminish the negative effects of ethanol stress on yeast cells and improve their physiological state. These effects may be utilized to enhance yeast vitality in high-ethanol-producing fermentations or to increase the number of yeast generations in brewery.

• Klíčová slova
• Ethanol stress, Lipid peroxidation, Resveratrol, Yeast,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• ethanol farmakologie   MeSH
• fyziologický stres účinky léků   MeSH
• lipidy fyziologie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• resveratrol MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae účinky léků   MeSH
• stilbeny farmakologie   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• víno mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• resveratrol MeSH
• stilbeny MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH

The purpose of this work was to determine whether changes in cholesterol profiles after interferon-β (IFN-β)1a treatment initiation following the first demyelinating event suggestive of multiple sclerosis are associated with clinical and MRI outcomes over 4 years. A group of 131 patients (age: 27.9 ± 7.8 years, 63% female) with serial 3-monthly clinical and 12-monthly MRI follow-ups over 4 years were investigated. Serum cholesterol profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) were obtained at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and every 6 months thereafter. IFN-β1a initiation caused rapid decreases in serum HDL-C, LDL-C, and TC within 1 month of IFN-β1a initiation (all P < 0.001) that returned slowly toward baseline. In predictive mixed model analyses, greater percent decreases in HDL-C after 3 months of IFN-β1a treatment initiation were associated with less brain atrophy over the 4 year time course, as assessed by percent brain volume change (P < 0.001), percent gray matter volume change (P < 0.001), and percent lateral ventricle volume change (P = 0.005). Decreases in cholesterol biomarkers following IFN-β1a treatment are associated with brain atrophy outcomes over 4 years. Pharmacological interventions targeting lipid homeostasis may be clinically beneficial for disrupting neurodegenerative processes.

• Klíčová slova
• brain atrophy, cholesterol, magnetic resonance imaging,
• MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• degenerace nervu krev   diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• demyelinizační nemoci krev   diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• interferon beta 1a aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   účinky léků   patofyziologie   MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza krev   diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesterol MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• interferon beta 1a MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol MeSH
• lipidy MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Abnormalities in lipid metabolism contribute significantly to the increased occurrence of cardiovascular events in individuals with T1DM compared to healthy subjects. Disorder of lipid metabolism in T1DM is heavily dependent on maintaining of blood glucose values near the physiological range. DCCT study confirmed that patients with well compensated diabetes have similar lipid spectrum to the healthy subjects one. AIMS: We aimed to study relations of lipid profile parameters (cholesterol of high density HDL, cholesterol of low density LDL, total cholesterol - TC, triglycerides - TAG) to age, duration of T1DM (DD), blood glucose, HbA1c and if the blood pressure (BP), BMI corrected for age (BMIc) and daily insulin doses per kilogram (DI) in 30 patients with T1DM with good long-term glycemic compensation. We aimed also to find mathematical models of lipid profile parameters dependence of the parameters of glycemic control, age, duration of DM1T, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic BPs, BPd, respectively) BMIc and DI. RESULTS: HbA1c levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to controls (p < 0.01), HDL were higher in diabetics than in controls (not significantly). LDL levels were in diabetics similar to controls. TAG was significantly lower in diabetics than in controls (p < 0.01). HDL significantly positively correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.372, p < 0.05) and negatively with BPs (r = -0.373, p < 0.05), TAG correlated with age (r = 0.546, p < 0.01), DD (r = 0.577, p < 0.001) and BPs (r = 0.407, p < 0.05). We also found a statistically appropriate mathematical models of the relationship of HDL and TAG with the parameters: age, DD, glucose, HbA1c, BP, BMIc, DI (r = 0.785, r2 = 0.616, p < 0.01, R = 0.758; r2 = 0.574, p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: The changes in HDL and TAG values in juvenile diabetics are significantly affected by particularly long-term glycemic control and insulin therapy.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu krev   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin analýza   MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glykovaný hemoglobin MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH
• lipidy MeSH