BACKGROUND: Length of stay (LoS) is a critical parameter of inpatient forensic treatment functioning. Inpatient forensic LoS in Czechia varies across hospitals with the number of patients per 100,000 inhabitants and the treatment duration. We aimed to analyse these inter-hospital differences and provide relevant sociodemographic and treatment-related data. METHODS: We collected descriptive parameters from 841 forensic inpatients from 13 hospitals in Czechia, with follow-up data collection after 6 months (N = 800). Data from eight hospitals with > 50 patients (N = 765) were entered into linear regression analyses with subsequent resampling to identify differences in LoS associated with index offence, diagnosis, and treatment type, thereby highlighting interhospital variations. RESULTS: The cohort comprised predominantly males (mean age, 41.84 years; standard deviation [SD] 3.63) with extended mental health histories; the mean main diagnosis length was 13.2 years (SD 12.18). Most inmates committed violent offences, with psychotic, substance use, or paraphilic disorders predominating. Family contact remained common despite the patients' poor socioeconomic status. The mean LoS was 1,327.58 (SD 1642.41) days. We observed significant differences in LoS among patients from the same diagnostic group. Within the whole system, patients with substance abuse disorders, psychotic disorders, and intellectual disabilities stayed for 760, 1490, and 2441 days, respectively. Violent index offences increased LoS in most hospitals, as did sexual offences, but "other" minor criminal offences (non-violent, non-sexual) were associated with increased LoS only in some hospitals. Sex offender treatment significantly affected LoS in some hospitals, while enrolment into substance use programmes shortened it. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed significant inter-hospital variations in LoS associated with index offences, diagnoses, or treatment programs, which could be related to previously unrecognised institutional factors. Regular evaluation of treatment outcomes and implementation of standardised guidelines across the entire system is necessary to balance these differences. The insights provided into inpatient treatment in Czechia can be used to guide policy and practice improvements, enhancing the quality of forensic psychiatric care and ensuring the rights and well-being of the patients. The study addressed the knowledge gap existing in the available literature regarding previously unrecognised factors influencing the LoS at the system "mezzo" level.
- Klíčová slova
- Complement C5 inhibitor, Crovalimab, Eculizumab, Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, Patient-reported outcomes, Ravulizumab,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Body size plays a pivotal role in organismal performance, physiology, and ecology, making its evolution a key focus in biology. This study investigates the effects of structural habitat use (climbing vs. ground-dwelling) and climatic variables on body size evolution within the diverse Lacertidae lizard family and across phylogenetic scales. Our results reveal how structural habitat drives diversification rather than convergence toward specific morphological optima, with evolutionary rates varying substantially among phylogenetic groups. Gallotinae exhibits the highest evolutionary rates, likely due to island-driven dynamics, while Eremiadini and Lacertini display contrasting patterns linked to habitat use and evolutionary history. Similarly, climatic variables also influence body size variation by group. In Eremiadini, significant associations with temperature align with the heat conservation hypothesis. Lacertini body size negatively correlates with precipitation seasonality, supporting the seasonality hypothesis, while Gallotinae remains unaffected by climate, reflecting the unique pressures of insular evolution. This study highlights the importance of phylogenetic scale in understanding macroevolutionary patterns, revealing how broad-scale analyses may obscure context-specific eco-evolutionary dynamics. By focusing on coherent taxonomic groups, this research provides critical insights into how structural and climatic factors shape morphological diversity within Lacertidae.
Microcontact printing (µCP) is a widely used technique for microscale surface patterning. In this study, we present a polymer-supported µCP method for the patterning of (bioactive) glycosylated surfaces under hydrated conditions. Patterning is achieved by direct contact with a grooved polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp, whose surface was grafted with a dopamine-containing polymer. The polymer brushes offer an anchor for the boronic acid derivative 6-aminobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-1(3H)-ol (ABOB), used as an ink for surface functionalization, to introduce patterns to three different surfaces as substrates: (1) monosaccharide-modified hydrogel surfaces possessing aldose (glucose, fucose, galactose) or ketose (fructose, sorbose) functions; (2) glycolsylated surfaces of polymeric microspheres; and (3) the membranes of mammalian cells, such as human primary gastric cells and others. During µCP, ABOB patterns transferred to the target surface through the formation of carbohydrate-ABOB complexes at fully hydrated, neutral pH conditions. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the successful transfer of ABOB patterns to glycosylated surfaces, with clear "tattoo-like" signatures observed on hydrogels, glycosylated particle surfaces and cellular interfaces.
BACKGROUND: The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is correlated with the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICB) targeting programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) or its cognate receptor (PD-1) on cancer cells or infiltrating immune cells. Analysis of PD-L1/PD-1 expression in tumor tissue represents a crucial step before PD-L1/PD-1 blocker usage. METHODS: We used directed evolution of protein variants derived from a 13 kDa Myomedin loop-type combinatorial library with 12 randomized amino acid residues to select high-affinity binders of human PD-L1 (hPD-L1). After the ribosome display, individual clones were screened by ELISA. Detailed analysis of binding affinity and kinetics was performed using LigandTracer. The specificity of Myomedins was assessed using fluorescent microscopy on HEK293T-transfected cells and cultured cancer cells in vitro, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections of human tonsils, and FFPE tumor samples of NSCLC patients. RESULTS: Seven identified PD-L1 binders, called MLE, showed positive staining for hPD-L1 on transfected HEK293T cells and cultured MCF-7 cells. MLE031, MLE105, MLE249, and MLE309 exhibited high affinity to both human and mouse PD-L1-transfected HEK293T cells measured with LigandTracer. The diagnostic potential of MLE variants was tested on human tonsillitis tissue and compared with diagnostic anti-PD-L1 antibody DAKO 28-8 and PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx antibody. MLE249 and MLE309 exhibited an excellent overlap with diagnostic DAKO 28-8 (Pearson´s coefficient (r) = 0.836 and 0.731, respectively) on human tonsils on which MLE309 exhibited also excellent overlap with diagnostic 22C3 antibody (r = 0.876). Using three NSCLC tissues, MLE249 staining overlaps with 28-8 antibody (r = 0.455-0.883), and MLE309 exhibited overlap with 22C3 antibody (r = 0.534-0.619). Three MLE proteins fused with Fc fragments of rabbit IgG, MLE249-rFc, MLE309-rFc and MLE031-rFc, exhibited very good overlap with anti-PD-L1 antibody 28-8 on tonsil tissue (r = 0.691, 0.610, and 0.667, respectively). Finally, MLE249-rFc, MLE309-rFc and MLE031-rFc exhibited higher sensitivity in comparison to IHC 22C3 antibody using routine immunohistochemistry staining system Ventana, which is one of gold standards for PD-L1 diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the development of MLE Myomedins specifically recognizing hPD-L1 that may serve as a refinement tool for clinical PD-L1 detection.
- Klíčová slova
- Cancer diagnostic, Combinatorial library, Immune checkpoint, Non-small cell lung cancer, Programmed cell death ligand 1, Protein engineering,
- MeSH
- antigeny CD274 * metabolismus MeSH
- HEK293 buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory plic * diagnóza metabolismus patologie MeSH
- nemalobuněčný karcinom plic * diagnóza metabolismus patologie MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny CD274 * MeSH
- CD274 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
Cardiogenic shock (CS) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are events with profound implications for patient outcomes. We aim to analyze the predictors of CS and OHCA in patients with acute myocardial infarction and their effects on mortality. The analysis is based on data from a national registry between 2016 and 2020. A total of 23,703 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were analyzed: (A) patients without CS and OHCA (19,590), (B) after OHCA (2,262), (C) with CS (713), and (D) after OHCA with CS (1,138). Patients after OHCA without CS had the lowest mean age [62.0 (± 12.6) years], while patients with CS without OHCA were the oldest [68.8 (± 11.8) years] and had the highest proportions of comorbidities. CS was a predictor of 30-day and 1-year mortality, with odds ratios [OR; 95% confidence intervals (CI)] of 5.52 (4.51; 6.75) and 4.66 (3.87; 5.61) for patients after OHCA, and OR (95% CI) 9.28 (7.56; 11.38) and 7.33 (6.04; 8.89) for those without OHCA. For overall survival up to 30 days and in comparison to patients without CS and OHCA, the hazard ratios (95% CI) was 2.77 (2.40; 3.20) for patients with OHCA only, 14.36 (12.57; 16.40) for patients with CS only, and 16.96 (15.19; 18.92) for patients with both CS and OHCA. OHCA altered the 30-day mortality risk after STEMI for both patients with and without CS. CS is a predictor of both 30-day and 1-year mortality in patients with STEMI, irrespective of OHCA status.
- Klíčová slova
- Acute myocardial infarction, Cardiogenic shock, Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, Outcome, Predictors,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Insect biogeography is poorly documented globally, particularly in the tropics. Recent intensive research in tropical Asia, combined with increasingly available records from citizen science, provides an opportunity to map the distributions of tropical Asian butterflies. We compiled a dataset of 730,190 occurrences of 3,752 tropical Asian butterfly species by aggregating records from GBIF (651,285 records), published literature (27,217), published databases (37,695), and unpublished data (13,993). Here, we present this dataset and single-species distribution maps of 1,576 species. Using these maps, along with records of the 2,176 remaining species, we identified areas of limited sampling (e.g., Myanmar and New Guinea) and predicted areas of high diversity (Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo). This dataset can be leveraged for a range of studies on Asian and tropical butterflies, including 1) species biogeography, 2) sampling prioritization to fill gaps, 3) biodiversity hotspot mapping, and 4) conservation evaluation and planning. We encourage the continued development of this dataset and the associated code as a tool for the conservation of tropical Asian insects.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- motýli * MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat * MeSH
- tropické klima MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- dataset MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Asie MeSH
- Malajsie MeSH
Given the recent deployment of nerve agents as a method of warfare and in targeted assassinations, the development of robust, broad-spectrum medical countermeasures is essential. Our research group has synthesized isatin-pyridine oxime hybrids that have previously demonstrated the ability to rescue Electrophorus eel acetylcholinesterase (EeAChE) inhibited by nerve agent surrogates. In this work, we investigate the in vitro AChE inhibitory properties of these hybrids, estimating their IC50. Compounds 14 and 15 evidenced inhibitiory ability (226.4 and 24.7 μM of IC50, respectively), and this last was similar to compound reference pyridostigmine bromide, the only reported drug used as prophylactic measure for nerve agent exposure. Results suggest promisor dual-functional compounds for nerve agent prophylaxis and the reactivation of enzyme catalytic activity.
- Klíčová slova
- Acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer, inhibition, isatin, neurodegenerative diseases, organophosphorus, reactivators,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
