• Klíčová slova
• ANXIETY *,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náchylnost k nemoci * MeSH
• úzkost * MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

DNA methylation changes consistently throughout life and age-dependent alterations in DNA methylation can be used to estimate one's epigenetic age. Post-mortem studies revealed higher epigenetic age in brains of patients with major depressive disorder, as compared with controls. Since MDD is highly correlated with anxiety, we hypothesized that symptoms of anxiety, as well as lower volume of grey matter (GM) in depression-related cortical regions, will be associated with faster epigenetic clock in a community-based sample of young adults. Participants included 88 young adults (53% men; 23-24 years of age) from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) who participated in its neuroimaging follow-up and provided saliva samples for epigenetic analysis. Epigenetic age was calculated according to Horvath (Horvath, 2013). Women had slower epigenetic clock than men (Cohen's d = 0.48). In women (but not men), slower epigenetic clock was associated with less symptoms of anxiety. In the brain, women (but not men) with slower epigenetic clock had greater GM volume in the cerebral cortex (brain size-corrected; R2 = 0.07). Lobe-specific analyses showed that in women (but not men), slower epigenetic clock was associated with greater GM volume in frontal lobe (R2 = 0.16), and that GM volume in frontal lobe mediated the relationship between the speed of epigenetic clock and anxiety trait (ab = 0.15, SE = 0.15, 95% CI [0.007; 0.369]). These findings were not replicated, however, in a community-based sample of adolescents (n = 129; 49% men; 12-19 years of age), possibly due to the different method of tissue collection (blood vs. saliva) or additional sources of variability in the cohort of adolescents (puberty stages, socioeconomic status, prenatal exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy).

• Klíčová slova
• Anxiety, DNA methylation age, Frontal lobe, Gray matter volume, Sex differences,
• MeSH
• depresivní porucha unipolární * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• epigeneze genetická genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• šedá hmota MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• úzkost genetika   MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Anxiety and anxiety-like disorders describe many mental disorders, yet fear is a common overwhelming symptom often leading to depression. Currently two basic strategies are discussed to treat anxiety: pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy. In the pharmacotherapeutical clinical approach, several conventional synthetic anxiolytic drugs are being used with several adverse effects. Therefore, studies to find suitable safe medicines from natural sources are being sought by researchers. The results of a plethora experimental studies demonstrated that dietary phytochemicals like alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, cinnamates, and saponins or various plant extracts with the mixture of different phytochemicals possess anxiolytic effects in a wide range of animal models of anxiety. The involved mechanisms of anxiolytics action include interaction with γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors at benzodiazepine (BZD) and non-BZD sites with various affinity to different subunits, serotonergic 5-hydrodytryptamine receptors, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems, glutamate receptors, and cannabinoid receptors. This review focuses on the use of both plant-derived natural compounds and plant extracts with anxiolytic effects, describing their biological effects and clinical application.

• Klíčová slova
• Anxiety, Anxiety-like disorders, Flavonoids, Natural compounds, Pharmacotherapy, Plant extracts, Synthetic anxiolytics, Terpenes, Therapeutic strategies,
• MeSH
• biologické přípravky chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• úzkost farmakoterapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické přípravky MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

People face stressors that are beyond their control and that maladaptively perpetuate anxiety. In these contexts, rituals emerge as a natural coping strategy helping decrease excessive anxiety. However, mechanisms facilitating these purported effects have rarely been studied. We hypothesized that repetitive and rigid ritual sequences help the human cognitive-behavioral system to return to low-entropy states and assuage anxiety. This study reports a pre-registered test of this hypothesis using a Czech student sample (n = 268). Participants were exposed to an anxiety induction and then randomly assigned to perform one of three actions: ritualized, control, and neutral (no-activity). We assessed the effects of this manipulation on cognitive and physiological anxiety, finding that ritualized action positively affected anxiety decrease, but this decrease was only slightly larger than in the other two conditions. Nevertheless, the between-condition differences in the reduction of physiological anxiety were well-estimated in participants more susceptible to anxiety induction.

• MeSH
• kompulzivní chování MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rituální chování MeSH
• úzkost * psychologie   MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are common in patients with bipolar disorder and show considerable influence on the course of the disease and response to treatment. METHOD: We conducted a series of literature searches using key words, such as bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders, as items in indexed fields. The studies were obtained through a MEDLINE search from 1970 to 2012. We also examined additional studies cited in articles from these searches or our previous studies. RESULTS: Several studies have shown poorer outcomes for patients with bipolar and comorbid anxiety disorders. Some studies have indicated worse outcomes in patients with bipolar disorder and associated anxiety disorders. Shorter periods of euthymia, increased suicidal thoughts and an increased number of suicide attempts were observed. Whether the effective treatment of anxiety reduces suicide and the severity of bipolar disorder or improves the response to treatment remains unknown. There are no well-designed intervention studies in bipolar patients with anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION: Further studies concerning the influence of anxiety on the course of bipolar disorder would be useful.

• MeSH
• bipolární porucha epidemiologie   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• panická porucha epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a common and disabling condition that significantly impacts quality of life. Subsyndromal anxiety (SSA) refers to anxiety symptoms that do not meet the full diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder but pose a risk for developing such disorders. We aimed to provide practical recommendations for the treatment of SSA in primary care settings. METHODS: A narrative review was conducted to identify strategies for recognizing and treating patients with SSA. RESULTS: The recommendations for treating SSA include lifestyle modifications such as exercise and stress reduction techniques, psychotherapy, and pharmacological treatments, including natural compounds like the lavender oil extract Silexan. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor treatment response and address ongoing symptoms. Additionally, the use of the GAD-7 tool is recommended for accurately identifying patients with SSA. CONCLUSION: Implementing these recommendations in primary care can lead to effective treatment of SSA, preventing the development of more severe anxiety disorders. An integrative approach, combining lifestyle modifications, psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy, including natural compounds, offers significant benefits for managing anxiety.

Anxiety is prevalent and disablingSubsyndromal anxiety is a risk factor for anxiety disordersSubsyndromal anxiety can be assessed with the GAD-7 (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 scale)Subsyndromal anxiety can be treated with life-style modification, psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment, including silexan, a natural compound.

• Klíčová slova
• Anxiety disorders, community psychiatry, family medicine, general practitioner, primary care, subsyndromal anxiety,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• primární zdravotní péče * normy   MeSH
• psychoterapie metody   MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy * terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

To reduce the psycho-social burden increasing attention has focused on brain abnormalities in the most prevalent and highly co-occurring neuropsychiatric disorders, such as mood and anxiety. However, high inter-study variability in these patients results in inconsistent and contradictory alterations in the fast temporal dynamics of large-scale networks as measured by EEG microstates. Thus, in this meta-analysis, we aim to investigate the consistency of these changes to better understand possible common neuro-dynamical mechanisms of these disorders.In the systematic search, twelve studies investigating EEG microstate changes in participants with mood and anxiety disorders and individuals with subclinical depression were included in this meta-analysis, adding up to 787 participants.The results suggest that EEG microstates consistently discriminate mood and anxiety impairments from the general population in patients and subclinical states. Specifically, we found a small significant effect size for B microstates in patients compared to healthy controls, with larger effect sizes for increased B presence in unmedicated patients with comorbidity. In a subgroup meta-analysis of ten mood disorder studies, microstate D showed a significant effect size for decreased presence. When investigating only the two anxiety disorder studies, we found a significantly small effect size for the increased microstate A and a medium effect size for decreased microstate E (one study). However, more studies are needed to elucidate whether these findings are diagnostic-specific markers.Results are discussed in relation to the functional meaning of microstates and possible contribution to an explanatory mechanism of overlapping symptomatology of mood and anxiety disorders.

• Klíčová slova
• Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Meta-Analysis, Microstates, PTSD, Panic Disorder,
• MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek * patofyziologie   MeSH
• poruchy nálady * patofyziologie   MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy * patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Anxiety disorders can be a burden for the patient and his family. They affect the family everyday functioning, require greater demands on adaptation and re-evaluation of the existing habits of family members and consequently may result in family dysfunction due to anxiety disorders, especially in marital relationship or partnership. However, the knowledge about the impact of anxiety disorders on one or both partners in marital or partner life is still limited. METHOD: The relevant studies were identified through the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, within the period 1990-2017. Additional references were found using reviews of relevant articles. The search terms included "anxiety disorders,""marital problems," "marital conflicts," "partnership," "family functioning," and "communication." RESULTS: Dissatisfaction in a relationship can act as a trigger for the development of anxiety disorders and could also be responsible for the modulation and maintenance of these disorders. However, this dissatisfaction may also be the consequence of manifestation of the anxiety disorders. The individuals with the anxiety may feel guilty about their partners because of the tolerance and help (does not matter what kind and quality of the help he/she provides), sometimes they are submissively grateful because of the support, they may feel inferior, tend to serve him /her. On the other hand, he/she begins to rebuke partner's supposed negative attitudes; the patient may start to use his psychological problems as an excuse and expects others to help him and solve the situation. Consequently, he /she starts to check and criticize the partner and this tense situation may lead to problems in marriage and disturbs family functioning. CONCLUSION: Distress elements that contribute to the development of anxiety disorders can be diverse and sometimes it is not easy to identify so-called precipitating factors. The link between anxiety disorders and family relationships is bi-directional: psychological problems adversely affect patient relationships and attitudes of the partner towards the patient significantly affect his/her anxiety.

• MeSH
• adaptace psychologická MeSH
• deprese epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželé psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• manželství psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• osobní uspokojení * MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy komplikace   epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The discipline of affective neuroscience is concerned with the neural bases of emotion and mood. The past decades have witnessed an explosion of research in affective neuroscience, increasing our knowledge of the brain areas involved in fear and anxiety. Besides the brain areas that are classically associated with emotional reactivity, accumulating evidence indicates that both the vestibular and cerebellar systems are involved not only in motor coordination but also influence both cognition and emotional regulation in humans and animal models. The cerebellar and the vestibular systems show the reciprocal connection with a myriad of anxiety and fear brain areas. Perception anticipation and action are also major centers of interest in cognitive neurosciences. The cerebellum is crucial for the development of an internal model of action and the vestibular system is relevant for perception, gravity-related balance, navigation and motor decision-making. Furthermore, there are close relationships between these two systems. With regard to the cooperation between the vestibular and cerebellar systems for the elaboration and the coordination of emotional cognitive and visceral responses, we propose that altering the function of one of the systems could provoke internal model disturbances and, as a result, anxiety disorders followed potentially with depressive states.

• Klíčová slova
• Anxiety disorders, Cerebellum, Depression, Internal model, Vestibular system,
• MeSH
• depresivní poruchy patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozeček patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervové dráhy patofyziologie   MeSH
• nuclei vestibulares patofyziologie   MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the relationship between migraine, anxiety and related disorders, anxious symptomology and related behaviors. RECENT FINDINGS: Generalized anxiety, other anxious disorders and migraine are comorbid. In addition, anxious symptomology and behaviors are common in people with migraine even if they do not meet diagnostic criteria or threshold. Anxiety including diagnosed disorders such as generalized anxiety, phobias, panic disorder, as well as behaviors such as catastrophizing, avoidance behaviors, and higher fear of headache/migraine or anxiety sensitivity are comorbid and/or common in migraine. Anxiety is associated with negative outcomes such as migraine progression, medication overuse, stigma and migraine-related disability. The association between migraine, anxiety, and fear and avoidance behaviors has an extensive empirical basis. Awareness of the high prevalence of comorbidity and symptomology as well as the negative outcomes associated with anxiety and related symptoms and behaviors is important in the comprehensive management of people with migraine. Better understanding the relationship between migraine and anxiety symptoms and behaviors and their effects on outcomes is essential to provide more effective treatment for people with migraine. The review emphasizes the necessity of screening and more comprehensive evaluation in patients with migraine using psychological diagnostic tools. Thus, prevention and management of anxiety, fear, and anxiety-related behaviors in the context of migraine management may be considered an essential treatment goal and strategies may include non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches.

• Klíčová slova
• Anxiety, Anxiety sensitivity, Avoidance, Cephalalgiaphobia, Cogniphobia, Fear, Generalized anxiety disorder, Migraine, Phobias,
• MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• migréna * epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• úzkost epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy * epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH