The article provides a comprehensive review of Czech psychology-its history and its current state. It enumerates significant psychologists who were Czech, born in Bohemia or who were instrumental for the development of psychology in the region. The article also enumerates Czech psychological associations along with their main representatives, journals, and academic facilities involved in education and research in psychology. It is pointed out that the origins of psychology as a science are in the Central Europe-the first laboratory of W. Wundt was in Leipzig, Germany; S. Freud was born in Bohemia, in the Moravian city of Příbor and he practiced in Vienna, Austria. The Czech capital Prague will also become the capital of the psychological science in 2020 when it will be hosting the 32nd International Congress of Psychology (ICP 2020).

• Klíčová slova
• Bohemia, Czech Republic, Czech psychology, Czechoslovakia, History of psychology,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychologie normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Československo epidemiologie   MeSH

The presented study evaluated a set of beads primarily originating from the Hallstatt period (800-400 BC) and uncovered in the region of Bohemia. Utilizing an SEM/EDS method, the chemical composition of the glass samples was determined and their homogeneity measured. Owing to the presence of opaque glass, Raman spectroscopy was applied, enabling the definition of the phases causing the opacity of the glass, as well as its coloring. This article discusses opacifying agents, including the possible ways in which they entered the artefacts. In addition, the techniques used to produce the glass beads are described, for both the single-colored beads, as well as the so-called eye beads that are present in a significant amount in the set. The majority of the beads examined were found to be made of the LMG glass type (low-magnesium soda-lime glass). An unexpected result was the identification of glass with a high content of K2O not corresponding to the mixed alkali type (LMHK), which is frequently discussed in the literature. The glass type in question most likely does not come from the traditional area of glass production: the eastern Mediterranean territory.

• Klíčová slova
• Bohemia, Hallstatt period, LMG, Raman spectroscopy, SEM/EDS, antimonate opacifiers, glass beads,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• filatelie dějiny   MeSH
• katarakta dějiny   psychologie   MeSH
• lékařství arabské dějiny   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odmítnutí poskytnout terapii MeSH
• oftalmologie dějiny   MeSH
• slepota dějiny   MeSH
• vedení války MeSH
• významné osobnosti * MeSH
• zbytečná diagnóza a terapie psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Francie MeSH
• Lucembursko MeSH

• O autorovi
• John I of Bohemia
• de Chaudiac, Guy

Studies were conducted in northern Bohemia to simultaneously evaluate personal exposures to air pollution in the form of respirable particles containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and biomarkers of exposure, biological effective dose, genetic effects, and metabolic susceptibility. The series of biomarkers included PAH metabolites in urine, urine mutagenicity, PAH-DNA adducts in white blood cells determined by 32P-postlabeling, PAH-albumin adducts determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), DNA damage in lymphocytes detected by comet assay, chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) genotypes. For these studies, a group of women who work outdoors about 30% of their daily time was selected. In a pilot study, a group of women from a polluted area of the Teplice district (northern Bohemia) was compared with a group of women from a control district of southern Bohemia (Prachatice). In a follow-up repeated-measures study, a group of nonsmoking women from Teplice was sampled repeatedly during the winter season of 1993 to 1994. Personal exposure monitoring for respirable particles (< 2.5 microns) was conducted for the 24-hr period before collection of blood and urine. Particle extracts were analyzed for carcinogenic PAHs. In the pilot study and in the follow-up study, a highly significant correlation between individual personal exposures to PAHs and DNA adducts was found (r = 0.54, p = 0.016; r = 0.710, p < 0.001, respectively). The comet parameter (percentage DNA in tail; %T) correlated with exposures to respirable particles (r = 0.304, p = 0.015). The GSTM1 genotype had a significant effect on urinary PAH metabolites, urine mutagenicity, and comet parameters (% T and tail moment) when the GSTM1 genotype was considered as a single factor affecting these biomarkers. Multifactor analysis o variance considering exposure and adjusting the data for GSTM1, age, and diet showed that the effect of personal exposures to PAHs on the variability of biomarkers (DNA adducts, comet parameters, urine mutagenicity) might be higher than the effect of the GSTM1 genotype. These results show the importance of considering all potential factors that may affect the biomarkers being analyzed.

• MeSH
• adukty DNA MeSH
• biologické markery * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa genetika   MeSH
• karcinogeny životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   metabolismus   MeSH
• kouření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky škodlivé účinky   metabolismus   moč   MeSH
• poškození DNA MeSH
• testy genotoxicity MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adukty DNA MeSH
• biologické markery * MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa MeSH
• karcinogeny životního prostředí MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH

Here we report the first detection of lineage 2 of neuroinvasive West Nile virus (WNV-2) in mosquitoes collected in a fishpond area of the Trebon Basin in southern Bohemia during the 2018 mosquito season. A total of 6790 mosquito females belonging to the Culex modestus, Culex pipiens, and Coquillettidia richiardii species were investigated in 136 pools, and WNV RNA was detected in two of them. The WNV strain shares genetic homology with other WNV-2 strains isolated in southern Moravia as well as with those causing outbreaks in southern and central Europe. The results highlight the need for entomological surveillance of pathogenic arboviruses even in areas not yet affected (WNV-free areas). The South Bohemian Region (in addition to southern Moravia) is becoming another risk zone of autochthonous occurrence of West Nile fever in the Czech Republic.

• Klíčová slova
• Coquillettidia richiardii, Culex modestus, Culex pipiens, South Bohemia, West Nile virus, arboviruses, emerging zoonoses, mosquitoes,
• MeSH
• Culicidae * virologie   MeSH
• virus západního Nilu * klasifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• západonilská horečka * epidemiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Bacteria associated with the tick Ixodes ricinus were assessed in specimens unattached or attached to the skin of cats, dogs and humans, collected in the Czech Republic. The bacteria were detected by PCR in 97 of 142 pooled samples including 204 ticks, i.e. 1-7 ticks per sample, collected at the same time from one host. A fragment of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified, cloned and sequenced from 32 randomly selected samples. The most frequent sequences were those related to Candidatus Midichloria midichlori (71% of cloned sequences), followed by Diplorickettsia (13%), Spiroplasma (3%), Rickettsia (3%), Pasteurella (3%), Morganella (3%), Pseudomonas (2%), Bacillus (1%), Methylobacterium (1%) and Phyllobacterium (1%). The phylogenetic analysis of Spiroplasma 16S rRNA gene sequences showed two groups related to Spiroplasma eriocheiris and Spiroplasma melliferum, respectively. Using group-specific primers, the following potentially pathogenic bacteria were detected: Borellia (in 20% of the 142 samples), Rickettsia (12%), Spiroplasma (5%), Diplorickettsia (5%) and Anaplasma (2%). In total, 68% of I. ricinus samples (97/142) contained detectable bacteria and 13% contained two or more putative pathogenic groups. The prevalence of tick-borne bacteria was similar to the observations in other European countries.

• Klíčová slova
• Bacteria, Central Bohemia, Ixodes ricinus, Pathogens, Tick,
• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• klíště růst a vývoj   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kočky mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• nymfa mikrobiologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• psi mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• Spiroplasma klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• psi mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

Hydatid cysts were found on histopathological examination of liver from 9 patients at the age of 60-91 years in South Bohemia (Czechoslovakia). These findings suggest that human hydatidosis may occur in old people in Czechoslovakia.

• MeSH
• echinokokóza diagnóza   parazitologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

The authors presented a taxonomic survey of dermatophytes of the genus Microsporum. From the 19 species described so far, they isolated ten species in the region of Eastern Bohemia. Only the species Microsporum cookei and M. gypsem are considered to be endemic species. The remaining are regarded as imported dermatophytes which are not able to maintain their existence permanently in the conditions of the mentioned region. Data on the findings of the individual species were completed by the authors' remarks on their primary hosts and/or substrates of heterotrophy, frequency of occurrence and geographical distribution.

• MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• Microsporum klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

The authors presented a taxonomic survey of dermatophytes of the genus Microsporum. From the 19 species described so far, they isolated ten species in the region of Eastern Bohemia. Only the species Microsporum cookel and M. gypsem are considered to be endemic species. The remaining are regarded as imported dermatophytes which are not able to maintain their existence permanently in the conditions of the mentioned region. Data on the findings of the individual species were completed by the authors' remarks on their primary hosts and/or substrates of heterotrophy, frequency of occurrence and geographical distribution.

• MeSH
• dermatomykózy epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Microsporum izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

• MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• fenylalanin krev   MeSH
• fenylketonurie diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metody MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• plošný screening MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fenylalanin MeSH