INTRODUCTION: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is common in developing countries such as Benin. This germ may cause the development of gastroduodenal diseases, ranging from gastritis to gastric cancer. Several studies on this bacterium carried out in Benin have used serology, anatomopathological examination of biopsies or antigen detection test on stool sample collections. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of H. pylori infection and factors associated with H. pylori infection using a respiratory test. The bacterium could cause chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa and peptic ulcer disease or, more rarely, gastric cancer or lymphoma. METHODS: we conducted a prospective, descriptive study of 150 patients who performed carbon-14 urea breath test. Only patients admitted for respiratory test and who gave their consent were included. A survey was completed by all patients during the study. Simple univariate logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with H. pylori infection at a threshold of 0.05. Multivariate analysis included in the model all variables with a p-value less than 0.20. Manual top-down procedure was used until the final model was obtained, which allowed the retention of adjusted odds ratios for factors associated. RESULTS: the average age of patients was 44.4±15.8 years, ranging from 5 to 84 years; men accounted for 54% of the study population. Of the 150 subjects, 82 (57.8%) had higher education level, compared with 8 (5.6%) who were not educated, 116 (80.6%) lived with a partner, 24 (36%) lived in a room with more than 10 people and 84 (59.6%) were christians. The main reasons why respiratory tests were performed were: poorly systematized abdominal pain (53.3%; 70/150), epigastric induced pain (35.3%; 53/150), epigastralgia (20.7%; 31/150), ulcer syndrome (16%; 24/150). Respiratory test showed that the prevalence of H. pylori in the study population was 34.7% (52/150). In multivariate analysis, the variables significantly associated with H. pylori infection were: mean age [aOR (95% CI) = 1.02; OR (95% CI) = 1.00-1.05 and p = 0.01] and prior treatment for H. pylori eradication [aOR (95% CI) = 4.79; OR (95% CI) = 1.50-13.86 and p = 0.006]. No comorbidity was associated with H. pylori infection in our series. CONCLUSION: the prevalence of H. pylori using this method was low (34.7%). It was significantly associated with mean age and prior treatment for H. pylori eradication.

INTRODUCTION: l´infection à Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) est fréquente dans les pays en voie de développement comme le Bénin. Ce germe peut favoriser la survenue d´affections gastroduodénales, allant de la gastrite au cancer gastrique. Les différentes études réalisées au Bénin sur cette bactérie ont utilisé des méthodes telles que la sérologie, l´étude anatomo-pathologique de biopsies ou la recherche d´antigène dans les selles. La présente étude avait pour but d´évaluer la prévalence d´infection par H. pylori et les facteurs associés à cette infection en utilisant un test respiratoire. MÉTHODES: il s´agissait d´une étude prospective descriptive sur 150 patients qui ont réalisé le test respiratoire à l´urée marquée au carbone 14. Seul les patients admis pour test respiratoire et ayant donné leur consentement étaient inclus. Une fiche d´enquête a été remplie au fur et à mesure. Une analyse univariée par régression logistique simple a permis d´identifier les facteurs associés à l´infection par H. pylori à un seuil de 0,05. La stratégie d´analyse multivariée a consisté à inclure dans le model toutes les variables dont la valeur de p est inférieure à 0,20. La procédure manuelle descendante a été utilisée jusqu´à obtenir le modèle final qui a permis de retenir de facteurs associés avec des rapports de cotes ajustés. RÉSULTATS: l´âge moyen était de 44,4±15,8 ans; avec des extrêmes de 5 ans et 84 ans. Les hommes représentaient 54% de la population d´étude. Des 150 sujets, 82 (57,8%) avaient un niveau d´instruction supérieur contre 8 (5,6%) non scolarisés, 116 (80,6 %) vivaient en couple, 24 (36%) vivaient dans une chambre de plus de 10 personnes et 84 (59,6%) étaient des chrétiens. Les principaux motifs ayant conduit à la réalisation de test respiratoire étaient: douleurs abdominales mal systématisées (53,3%; 70/150), douleurs épigastriques provoquées (35,3%; 53/150), les épigastralgies (20,7%; 31/150), un syndrome ulcéreux (16%; 24/150). La prévalence d´H. pylori par test respiratoire au sein de la population étudiée était de 34,7% (52/150). En analyse multivariée, les variables significativement associées à l´infection à l´H. pylori étaient: l´âge moyen [AOR (95%IC) = 1,02; OR (95% IC) = 1,00-1,05 et p = 0,01] et la notion d´un traitement antérieur d´éradication de l´H. pylori[AOR (95%IC) = 4,79; OR (95% IC) = 1,50-13,86 et p = 0,006]. Aucune comorbidité étudiée n´était associée à l´infection par H. pylori dans notre série. CONCLUSION: la prévalence d´H. pylori trouvée par cette méthode est faible (34,7%). Elle est significativement associée à l´âge moyen et à la notion d´un traitement antérieur d´éradication de l´H. pylori.

• Klíčová slova
• Helicobacter pylori, associated factors, prevalence, respiratory test,
• MeSH
• dechové testy MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Helicobacter pylori * MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori * komplikace   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• močovina analýza   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• Carbon-14 MeSH Prohlížeč
• močovina MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku MeSH

Radioisotopes carbon 14 and chlorine 36 were used to elucidate the environmental role of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) formerly taken to be a herbicide and a secondary air pollutant with phytotoxic effects. However, use of 14C-labeling posed again known analytical problems, especially in TCA extraction from the sample matrix. Therefore--after evaluation of available methods--a new procedure using decarboxylation of [1,2-14C]TCA combined with extraction of the resultant 14C-chloroform with a non-polar solvent and its subsequent radiometric measurement was developed. The method solves previous difficulties and permits an easy determination of amounts between 0.4 and 20 kBq (10 - 500 ng g(-1)) of carrier-less [1,2-14C]TCA in samples from environmental investigations. The procedure is, however, not suitable for direct [36Cl]TCA determination in chlorination studies with 36Cl. Because TCA might be microbially degraded in soil during extraction and sample storage and its extraction from soil or needles is never complete, the decarboxylation method--i.e. 2 h TCA decomposition to chloroform and CO2 in aqueous solution or suspension in closed vial at 90 degrees C and pH 4.6 with subsequent CHCl3 extraction-is recommended here, estimated V < 7%. Moreover, the influence of pH and temperature on the decarboxylation of TCA in aqueous solution was studied in a broad range and its environmental relevance is shown in the case of TCA decarboxylation in spruce needles which takes place also at ambient temperatures and might amount more than 10-20% after a growing season. A study of TCA distribution in spruce needles after below-ground uptake shows the highest uptake rate into current needles which have, however, a lower TCA content than older needle-year classes, TCA biodegradation in forest soil leads predominatingly to CO2.

• MeSH
• chlor chemie   MeSH
• chloroform chemie   MeSH
• dekarboxylace MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kyselina trichloroctová analýza   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• nadzemní části rostlin chemie   MeSH
• půda MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku chemie   MeSH
• stromy MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlor MeSH
• chloroform MeSH
• kyselina trichloroctová MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
• půda MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CARBON/radioactive *, VITAMIN B 12/chemistry *,
• MeSH
• hematinika * MeSH
• korinoidy * MeSH
• radioaktivita * MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku * MeSH
• uhlík * MeSH
• vitamin B 12 chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hematinika * MeSH
• korinoidy * MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku * MeSH
• uhlík * MeSH
• vitamin B 12 MeSH

Environmental cues modulate the balance of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) which are essential elements for plant metabolism and growth. In Arabidopsis, photochemical efficiency of PSII, phosphorylation status and localization of many enzymes, and the level of total soluble sugars were affected by an unbalanced C/N ratio. Since differences in C/N affect these parameters, here we checked whether different sources of N have different effects when a high C/N ratio is imposed. NO3- and NH4+ were separately provided in C/N medium. We investigated the effects on photochemical efficiency of PSII, the level of total soluble sugars and nitrate reductase activity under stressful C/N conditions compared with control conditions. We found that treated plants accumulated more total soluble sugars when compared with control. Photochemical efficiency of PSII did not show significant differences between the two sources of nitrogen after 24 h. The actual nitrate reductase activity was the result of a combination of activity, activation state and protein level. This activity constantly decreased starting from time zero in control conditions; in contrast, the actual nitrate reductase activity showed a peak at 2 h after treatment with NO3-, and at 30 min with NH4+. This, according to the level of total soluble sugars, can be explained by the existence of a cross-talk between the sugars in excess and low nitrate in the medium that blocks the activity of nitrate reductase in stressful sugar conditions until the plant is adapted to the stress.

• MeSH
• amoniové sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• Arabidopsis enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• dusičnany metabolismus   MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   MeSH
• fosforylace MeSH
• nitrátreduktasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny 14-3-3 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin * MeSH
• uhlík metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• amoniové sloučeniny MeSH
• dusičnany MeSH
• dusík MeSH
• nitrátreduktasa MeSH
• proteiny 14-3-3 MeSH
• uhlík MeSH

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf development relies on subsequent phases of cell proliferation and cell expansion. During the proliferation phase, chloroplasts need to divide extensively, and during the transition from cell proliferation to expansion, they differentiate into photosynthetically active chloroplasts, providing the plant with energy. The transcription factor GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR5 (GRF5) promotes the duration of the cell proliferation period during leaf development. Here, it is shown that GRF5 also stimulates chloroplast division, resulting in a higher chloroplast number per cell with a concomitant increase in chlorophyll levels in 35S:GRF5 leaves, which can sustain higher rates of photosynthesis. Moreover, 35S:GRF5 plants show delayed leaf senescence and are more tolerant for growth on nitrogen-depleted medium. Cytokinins also stimulate leaf growth in part by extending the cell proliferation phase, simultaneously delaying the onset of the cell expansion phase. In addition, cytokinins are known to be involved in chloroplast development, nitrogen signaling, and senescence. Evidence is provided that GRF5 and cytokinins synergistically enhance cell division and chlorophyll retention after dark-induced senescence, which suggests that they also cooperate to stimulate chloroplast division and nitrogen assimilation. Taken together with the increased leaf size, ectopic expression of GRF5 has great potential to improve plant productivity.

• MeSH
• Arabidopsis účinky léků   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčné dělení účinky léků   MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• chloroplasty účinky léků   metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• cytokininy farmakologie   MeSH
• dusík nedostatek   MeSH
• fotosyntéza * účinky léků   MeSH
• geneticky modifikované rostliny MeSH
• listy rostlin účinky léků   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• proteiny 14-3-3 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin účinky léků   MeSH
• rostlinné geny MeSH
• trans-aktivátory genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorofyl MeSH
• cytokininy MeSH
• dusík MeSH
• GRF5 protein, Arabidopsis MeSH Prohlížeč
• proteiny 14-3-3 MeSH
• trans-aktivátory MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The aim of study was to evaluate impact of long-term dietary cholesterol overload on the cholesterol homeostasis and liver regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serum lipid parameters, 14C-cholesterol incorporation, liver DNA synthesis and protein expression was determined in partially hepatectomized (PH) rats fed with a standard (SLD) or hypercholesterolemic (CHOL) diet. RESULTS: 29-day intake of CHOL diet before PH produced increase in serum total cholesterol, LDL lipoprotein, and triglyceride concentration. PH provoked decrease in serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in both groups. PH was associated with increase in serum ALT activity more pronounced in CHOL animals. Hepatic DNA synthesis was increased after PH in both groups, but lower in CHOL. Hypercholesterolemic diet reduced the absorption of radiolabelled cholesterol in intestine and then activity in blood and liver. The 14C-cholesterol hepatic activities tend to increase after PH in both groups. CHOL diet produced up-regulation of Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-2 protein expression. PH was associated with increase of LDL receptor and Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-2 protein expression in both dietary groups. DISCUSSION: Liver regeneration after PH is negatively influenced by CHOL diet. The increased uptake of cholesterol in the liver after PH associated with up-regulation of LDL receptor protein expression suggests preferential use of extrahepatic cholesterol by the liver.

• Klíčová slova
• ACAT-2, LDL receptor, cholesterol, liver, partial hepatectomy, rat,
• MeSH
• cholesterol dietní farmakologie   MeSH
• cholesterolacyltransferasa účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• DNA účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• hepatektomie MeSH
• játra účinky léků   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lipoproteiny LDL účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku MeSH
• regenerace jater účinky léků   MeSH
• sterol-O-acyltransferasa 2 MeSH
• triglyceridy metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• Carbon-14 MeSH Prohlížeč
• cholesterol dietní MeSH
• cholesterolacyltransferasa MeSH
• DNA MeSH
• lipoproteiny LDL MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH

The influence of pH 3-10 on the growth, motility and photosynthesis in Euglena gracilis was demonstrated during a 7-d cultivation. The cells did not survive at pH < 4 and > 8, highest growth rate being detected at pH 7. Motility followed a similar pattern as growth rate. Photosynthetic response curves were shown to be of the same type over the whole pH range. High respiration was characteristic for cells grown at pH 5 and 6, the lowest one at 7. At high and also at low pH more active respiration was found which can be considered as a protective response on proton stress. Respiration was not completely inhibited with potassium cyanide. Photosynthesis was the most effective at pH 6; lower and higher pH decreased photosynthetic efficiency. pH affected more the growth rate than the photosynthesis.

• MeSH
• Euglena gracilis růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• fotosyntéza * MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kyanid draselný MeSH
• pohyb MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyanid draselný MeSH

We report a cluster of genes encoding two monooxygenases (SadA and SadB) and one FMN reductase (SadC) that enable Microbacterium sp. strain BR1 and other Actinomycetes to inactivate sulfonamide antibiotics. Our results show that SadA and SadC are responsible for the initial attack of sulfonamide molecules resulting in the release of 4-aminophenol. The latter is further transformed into 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene by SadB and SadC prior to mineralization and concomitant production of biomass. As the degradation products lack antibiotic activity, the presence of SadA will result in an alleviated bacteriostatic effect of sulfonamides. In addition to the relief from antibiotic stress this bacterium gains access to an additional carbon source when this gene cluster is expressed. As degradation of sulfonamides was also observed when Microbacterium sp. strain BR1 was grown on artificial urine medium, colonization with such strains may impede common sulfonamide treatment during co-infections with pathogens of the urinary tract. This case of biodegradation exemplifies the evolving catabolic capacity of bacteria, given that sulfonamide bacteriostatic are purely of synthetic origin. The wide distribution of this cluster in Actinomycetes and the presence of traA encoding a relaxase in its vicinity suggest that this cluster is mobile and that is rather alarming.

• MeSH
• Actinobacteria účinky léků   genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• biodegradace účinky léků   MeSH
• flavinmononukleotid metabolismus   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• hydrochinony metabolismus   MeSH
• multigenová rodina MeSH
• oxygenasy se smíšenou funkcí metabolismus   MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku MeSH
• sulfonamidy metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• Carbon-14 MeSH Prohlížeč
• flavin mononucleotide hydroquinone MeSH Prohlížeč
• flavinmononukleotid MeSH
• hydrochinony MeSH
• oxygenasy se smíšenou funkcí MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku MeSH
• sulfonamidy MeSH

The radioactively labelled 6-amino-5-nitroso-uracil (1) and 5-acetyl-6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-uracil (2) were required for metabolic studies to assess their suitability as drug candidates. A common precursor for both compounds was [cyano-14 C]cyanoacetic acid (6), readily prepared from potassium [14 C]cyanide. ACS reagents, namely, diethyl ether, acetic acid and acetic anhydride, had to be rigorously repurified to achieve a successful synthesis of 14 C-labelled compounds on a tenth-of-a-milligramme scale. 6-Amino-5-nitroso-[6-14 C]uracil (1-14 C) (0.55 mCi) was prepared with radiochemical purity > 98% and specific activity (SA) = 55.6 mCi/mmol. 5-Acetyl-6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-[6-14 C]uracil (2-14 C) (8 mCi) was prepared with radiochemical purity > 97% and SA = 55.6 mCi/mmol. It has been shown that a SA assay can be made from standard 13 C NMR spectra, thus avoiding the need to perform lengthier inverse-gated 13 C NMR experiments.

• Klíčová slova
• 6-amino-uracil derivatives, [cyano-14C]cyanoacetic acid, carbon 14, specific activity assay,
• MeSH
• acetáty chemie   MeSH
• izotopové značení MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku chemie   MeSH
• techniky syntetické chemie MeSH
• uracil analogy a deriváty   chemická syntéza   chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 6-aminouracil MeSH Prohlížeč
• acetáty MeSH
• cyanoacetic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• radioizotopy uhlíku MeSH
• uracil MeSH