In search of new sustainable biopesticides, we determined the phytochemical profiles, acaricidal and insecticidal properties of EOs distilled from the aerial parts of three Mexican Bursera species. Results were obtained by GC-MS analysis and three different bioassays, indicating that the EO of Bursera glabrifolia exhibited high relative abundancies of α-pinene, β-myrcene, and α-phellandrene, as well as promising pesticidal activity against Spodoptera littoralis larvae (LD50,90 = 32.4, 107.2 µg/larva), and Musca domestica (LD50,90 = 23.2, 103.2, and 13.5, 77.4 µg/female or male adult, respectively) and Tetranychus urticae adults (LD50,90 = 7.4, 30.3 µg/cm2). The Bursera lancifolia and Bursera linanoe samples contained mainly D-limonene or linalyl acetate and linalool, respectively, and showed generally less potent pesticidal properties (S. littoralis larva, LD50,90 = 45.4, 154.4 and 52.2, 158.7 µg/larva, respectively; female M. domestica adult, LD50,90 = 69.2, 210.9 and 45.1, 243.8 µg/female adult, respectively; T. urticae adults, LD50,90 = 20.7, 90.5 and 17.5, 71.4 µg/cm2, respectively). However, the EO of B. linanoe exhibited an especially pronounced activity against male M. domestica adults (LD50,90 = 10.6, 77.2 µg/male adult). Our findings prove the pesticidal potential of Mexican Bursera species in the context of integrated pest management (IPM) and highlight the importance of conducting further research to elucidate both the active principles and possibly existing synergistic effects.
- Klíčová slova
- Acaricide, Bursera glabrifolia, Bursera lancifolia, Bursera linanoe, Essential oil, Insecticide, Integrated pest management (IPM), Pesticide,
- MeSH
- akaricidy * MeSH
- Bursera * MeSH
- insekticidy * chemie MeSH
- larva MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie MeSH
- oleje prchavé * chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- akaricidy * MeSH
- insekticidy * MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
One undescribed indole alkaloid together with twenty-two known compounds have been isolated from aerial parts of Vinca minor L. (Apocynaceae). The chemical structures of the isolated alkaloids were determined by a combination of MS, HRMS, 1D, and 2D NMR techniques, and by comparison with literature data. The NMR data of several alkaloids have been revised, corrected, and missing data have been supplemented. Alkaloids isolated in sufficient quantity were screened for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE; E.C. 3.1.1.7) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE; E.C. 3.1.1.8) inhibitory activity. Selected compounds were also evaluated for prolyl oligopeptidase (POP; E.C. 3.4.21.26), and glycogen synthase 3β-kinase (GSK-3β; E.C. 2.7.11.26) inhibition potential. Significant hBuChE inhibition activity has been shown by (-)-2-ethyl-3[2-(3-ethylpiperidinyl)-ethyl]-1H-indole with an IC50 value of 0.65 ± 0.16 μM. This compound was further studied by enzyme kinetics, along with in silico techniques, to reveal the mode of inhibition. This compound is also predicted to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through passive diffusion.
- Klíčová slova
- (−)-2-ethyl-3[2-(3-ethylpiperidinyl)-ethyl]-1H-indole, Alkaloids, Alzheimer's disease, Apocynaceae, Butyrylcholinesterase, Docking studies, Vinca minor, Vincaminorudeine,
- MeSH
- acetylcholinesterasa MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc * farmakoterapie MeSH
- butyrylcholinesterasa MeSH
- fytonutrienty farmakologie MeSH
- GSK3B MeSH
- indolové alkaloidy farmakologie MeSH
- monoterpeny farmakologie MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie MeSH
- Vinca * chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- acetylcholinesterasa MeSH
- butyrylcholinesterasa MeSH
- fytonutrienty MeSH
- GSK3B MeSH
- indolové alkaloidy MeSH
- monoterpeny MeSH
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Contamination of soil by mercury poses several risks to human health through consumption of fruits and vegetables. In Slovakia, a high concentration of mercury is found in the soil of the Central Spiš region. The objective of the study is to measure the mercury concentrations in the parts of selected plant species and trees growing within 100 meters of a former ore processing facility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 24 samples of plants, 20 samples of parts of needle-leaved trees and 9 samples of parts of broad-leaved trees were collected from soils with a high concentration of mercury. The concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in different parts of the plants: leaves - 18 species, roots - 15 species, stems - 11 species, flowers - 7 species), and different parts of trees (crust - 8 species, branches - 8 species, needles - 5 species, cones - 5 species, leaves - 3 species). RESULTS: The concentrations of mercury in the soils taken at a depth of 0.25 m exceeded the maximum allowed levels more than 50-times. Potatoes, parsley and carrots from these soils exceeded the maximum allowed mercury levels 6-times, 5-times and twice, respectively. The average concentrations of mercury in the roots of 2-year onions exceeded the limit more than 50-times. The flowers of cornflower contain 18.20 mg*kg -1 , leaves of dandelion 10.61 mg*kg -1 and roots of plantain 6.80 mg*kg -1 of mercury. Regarding trees, the highest concentrations were found in the branches of juniper and leaves of aspen - more than 1 mg*kg -1. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic monitoring of mercury is still very important, since it was found that the end of ore processing does not solve the issue of contamination in the Central Spiš region. Therefore, the consumption of fruits and vegetables from the areas of former ore processing facilities is not recommended.
- Klíčová slova
- atomic absorption spectrometry, environment, mercury, plants, soils,
- MeSH
- hutnictví MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- kořeny rostlin chemie MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie MeSH
- rtuť analýza MeSH
- stromy chemie MeSH
- zelenina chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- rtuť MeSH
The phenolic compounds of methanolic extracts of Salvia pomifera and Salvia fruticosa were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Carnosic acid and its metabolite carnosol were the most abundant terpene phenolic compounds of S. fruticosa, while they were completely absent in S. pomifera. The main terpene phenolic constituent of S. pomifera was 12-O-methylcarnosic acid and its mass/mass fragmentation pathway was explained. The detailed mechanism of carnosic acid oxidation to carnosol was suggested. The effects of Salvia extracts and/or carnosic acid, the main diterpene phenolic component of S. fruticosa, on the proliferation and cell cycle of two melanoma cell lines (A375, Mel JuSo) and human fibroblast cell line (HFF) were investigated by MTT assay, PI-exclusion assay and flow cytometry cell cycle analysis. Extract of S. fruticosa more efficiently than S. pomifera extract reduced the proliferation of the human melanoma cells. Carnosic acid showed the most significant effect. The first evidence that carnosic acid affects microtubule dynamics and arrests the cell cycle in the G2/M phase was provided. Collectively, our results demonstrate that these two Salvia species are plants of medicinal interest with perspective for further investigation. Carnosic acid could be the compound responsible for the biological activities of S. fruticosa extracts.
- Klíčová slova
- 12-O-methylcarnosic acid, LC-MS, Salvia fruticosa, Salvia pomifera, cancer, carnosic acid, cell cycle, cytotoxicity, melanoma, microtubules,
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- diterpeny abietanové chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- epitelové buňky účinky léků patologie MeSH
- fenoly chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- fibroblasty cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
- kontrolní body fáze G2 buněčného cyklu účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methanol chemie MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- rozpouštědla chemie MeSH
- šalvěj chemie MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antitumorózní látky MeSH
- carnosol MeSH Prohlížeč
- diterpeny abietanové MeSH
- fenoly MeSH
- methanol MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- rozpouštědla MeSH
- salvin MeSH Prohlížeč
The worldwide growing interest in traditional medicines, including herbal medicines and herbal dietary supplements, has recently been accompanied by concerns on quality and safety of this type of health care. The content of nutritional and potentially toxic elements in medicinal plants is of paramount interest as it may vary remarkably according to different environmental and ecophysiological factors. In this study, the concentrations of essential and non-essential trace elements-Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sr, and Zn-were determined in the roots and aerial parts of the worldwide distributed and economically important medicinal herb Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) and in its growing substrate. Most of the analyzed trace elements varied considerably in the plant parts according to edaphic conditions and soil geochemistry. However, uptake and retention in H. perforatum compartments of Co, Cr, and Ni, which markedly differentiated the investigated soils, were controlled by excluding mechanisms of the plant. Despite this, the Ni concentrations in the aerial parts, commonly used in herbal preparations, of H. perforatum plants from serpentine soils were not insignificant in relation to eventual human consumption. Good practice to assure the herbal product quality of H. perforatum collected from the wild cannot ignore the thorough understanding of the geolithological and geochemical features of the harvesting areas.
- Klíčová slova
- Bioaccumulation, Hypericum perforatum L., Medicinal plants, Trace elements, Translocation, Uptake,
- MeSH
- kořeny rostlin chemie metabolismus MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie metabolismus MeSH
- třezalka chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
Helichrysum faradifani (Asteraceae) is a perennial shrub growing in rocky and sandy places of Madagascar. The plant is used in the Malagasy traditional medicine as a wound-healing agent, disinfectant and for the treatment of syphilis, diarrhea, cough and headache. In the present work, we analysed the chemical composition of the essential oil distilled from the aerial parts of H. faradifani by GC-MS and evaluated its insecticidal activity against 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae of the lymphatic filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus by acute toxicity assays. The most sensitive were 2nd instar (LC50 = 85.7 μL L-1) larvae. For the 3rd and 4th instar larvae, the estimated LC50 were 156.8 and 134.1 μL L-1, respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (51.6%) were the major fraction of the essential oil, with the bicyclic α-fenchene (35.6%) as the predominant component. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (34.0%) were the second major group characterising the oil, with γ-curcumene (17.7%) as the most abundant component.
- Klíčová slova
- Culex quinquefasciatus, GC-MS, Helichrysum faradifani, St. Louis encephalitis; essential oil, insecticidal activity,
- MeSH
- Culex účinky léků MeSH
- Helichrysum chemie MeSH
- insekticidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- komáří přenašeči účinky léků MeSH
- larva účinky léků MeSH
- monoterpeny analýza chemie MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie MeSH
- oleje prchavé chemie farmakologie MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- seskviterpeny analýza chemie MeSH
- testy akutní toxicity MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Madagaskar MeSH
- Názvy látek
- insekticidy MeSH
- monoterpeny MeSH
- oleje prchavé MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- seskviterpeny MeSH
Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don is a flowering plant of the family Asteraceae. It is rich in oil that is used for different medicinal purposes and in fragrance industry. Volatile profile of four populations of H. italicum, collected from natural habitat in Dalmatia (Croatia), was analysed by capillary GC-MS. Sample from BraČ Island had α-trans-bergamotene (10.2%) and β-acoradiene (10.1%) as the majors, whereas sample collected on Biokovo Mt. was rich in neryl acetate (8.1%). β-Acoradiene was also the main constituent of sample collected near Tijarica, whereas rosifoliol (8.5%) was the most abundant constituent in sample collected near Makarska. Presented results show the influence of environmental conditions on chemical differentiation of the volatiles of H. italicum from Croatia.
- Klíčová slova
- GC–MS, Helichrysum italicum, essential oil,
- MeSH
- Helichrysum chemie MeSH
- můstkové bicyklické sloučeniny analýza MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie MeSH
- oleje prchavé analýza MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- seskviterpeny analýza MeSH
- životní prostředí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Chorvatsko MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alpha-bergamotene MeSH Prohlížeč
- můstkové bicyklické sloučeniny MeSH
- oleje prchavé MeSH
- seskviterpeny MeSH
This article presents the very first phytochemical investigation on new species Tripleurospermum insularum Inceer & Hayırlıoglu-Ayaz. The volatile profile of odorous parts of the plant was analysed by GC/MS, and compounds were identified in headspace and essential oil obtained from aerial parts, representing 70.81% and 92.44% in total, respectively. The major volatiles were n-alkanes (38.43-59.22%), while essential oil was also rich in globulol (13.45%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (9.29%). The content of phenolic compounds in methanolic extract and oil was 3621.62 and 14.4 mg GAE/100 g of dry plant, respectively. Moreover, potential medicinal effects were found in mean of antioxidant activity of this plant measured by using two different assays: radical-scavenging activity and ferric-reducing activity. Samples revealed values ranging from 0.33 to 146.80 μmol TE/100 g for DPPH assay, and from 2.29 to 5414.17 μmol AAE/100 g for FRAP assay.
- Klíčová slova
- Tripleurospermum insularum Inceer & Hayırlıoglu-Ayaz, antioxidant activity, essential oils, headspace, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie MeSH
- fenoly chemie MeSH
- flavonoidy chemie MeSH
- fytosteroly chemie MeSH
- mastné kyseliny chemie MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie MeSH
- oleje prchavé chemie MeSH
- oleje rostlin chemie MeSH
- seskviterpeny chemie MeSH
- Tripleurospermum chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Turecko MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- fenoly MeSH
- flavonoidy MeSH
- fytosteroly MeSH
- mastné kyseliny MeSH
- oleje prchavé MeSH
- oleje rostlin MeSH
- seskviterpeny MeSH
The present study provides a comprehensive data on the antioxidant, antimicrobial and neutrophil-modulating activities of extracts from six medicinal plants--blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) leaves, chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) leaves, hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) leaves, lady's mantle (Alchemilla glabra) aerial parts, meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) aerial parts and raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaves. In order to analyze the antioxidant activity of the herbs, several methods (ORAC, TRAP, HORAC and inhibition of lipid peroxidation) were used. Blackberry leaves and meadowsweet extracts revealed the highest antioxidant activities via all methods. All extracts studied blocked almost completely the opsonized zymosan particle-activated ROS production by neutrophils from human whole blood. On the other hand, the effect of extracts on phorbol myristate acetate-activated ROS production was much milder and even nonsignificant in the case of chokeberry leaves. This latter result suggests that extracts (apart from their antioxidative activity) interfere with the signaling cascade of phagocyte activation upstream of the protein kinase C activation. The antimicrobial activity of the investigated extracts against 11 human pathogens was investigated using three different methods. Meadowsweet and blackberry leaves extracts had the highest antimicrobial effect and the lowest minimal inhibiting concentrations (MICs) against the microorganisms tested.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- antioxidancia izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- gramnegativní bakterie účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- grampozitivní bakterie účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- makrofágy cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- opsoniny farmakologie MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- polyfenoly izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- primární buněčná kultura MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- tetradekanoylforbolacetát farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antiinfekční látky MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- opsoniny MeSH
- polyfenoly MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- tetradekanoylforbolacetát MeSH
Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca) possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities, and is used as a complementary remedy to improve heart function and blood circulation. Since cardiovascular diseases are often associated with an alteration of mitochondria, the main producers of ATP in cardiac muscle cells, the aim of our work was to determine bioactive constituents present in motherwort aerial parts extract in ethanol and investigate their effects on the functions of cardiac mitochondria. Quantitative determination of polyphenols in L. cardiaca herb extract was performed by HPLC. Mitochondrial respiration rates were evaluated using a Clark-type oxygen electrode. Mitochondrial ROS generation was determined fluorimetrically with Amplex Red and horseradish peroxidase. The results showed that constituents (chlorogenic acid, orientin, quercetin, hyperoside, and rutin) of L. cardiaca herb extract uncouple (by 20-90 %) mitochondrial oxidation from phosphorylation, partially inhibit (by ~ 40 %) the mitochondrial respiratory chain in cases of pyruvate and malate as well as succinate oxidation, and effectively attenuate the generation of free radicals in mitochondria. Since partial uncoupling of mitochondria, respiratory inhibition, and decreased ROS production are proposed as possible mechanisms of cardioprotection, our results imply that L. cardiaca herb extract could be a useful remedy to protect cardiac muscles from the effects of pathogenic processes.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- buněčné dýchání účinky léků MeSH
- flavonoidy chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- kardiomyocyty účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- léčivé rostliny MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie MeSH
- oxidativní fosforylace účinky léků MeSH
- peroxid vodíku metabolismus MeSH
- polyfenoly chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- srdeční mitochondrie účinky léků MeSH
- srdečník chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- flavonoidy MeSH
- peroxid vodíku MeSH
- polyfenoly MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
